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Pierre, T.G.,Kim, K.S.st.,Webb, J.,Mann, S.,Dickson, D.P.E. 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1991 基礎科學 Vol.14 No.2
Ferritins isolated from the hemolymph of the chiton Acanthopleura hirtosa and the limpet Patella laticostata have been studied by ^57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy, electron diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and inductively coupled plasma(ICP) spectrometry. Mossbauer spectra of the samples at 78 K were quadrupole-split doublets with similar quadrupole splittings and chemical isomer shifts, characteristic of octahedral high-spin iron(III), while at 4.2K the spectra were magnetically split sextests. The spectra yield mean superparamagnetic blocking temperatures of about 32 and 30 K for the A. hirtosa and P. laticostata ferritins, respectively, and indicate magnetic ordering temperatures of about 37 and 34 K. Core size distributions were measured for both the A. hirtosa and P. laticostata ferritins by using TEM and gave mean core size ranges of 8.0-8.5 and 7.5-8.0 nm, respectively. Diffuse lines in the electron diffraction patterns of the ferritin cores indicated the presence of ferrihydrite(5Fe_2-O_3·9H_2O) of limited crystallinity. Phosphorus to iron atomic ratios were measured by ICP spectrometry. The phosphorus levels were close to the limit of detection, giving approximate mean values of D:Fe of 1:44 for the P. laticostata ferritin and 1:36 for the A. hirtosa ferritin. These levels of phosphate are significantly less than those for the crystalline cores of mammalian ferritins and considerably less than those for the noncrystalline core of bacterioferritins.
Dessandier, Pierre-Antoine,Bonnin, Jé,rô,me,Malaizé,, Bruno,Lambert, Clé,ment,Tjallingii, Rik,Warden, Lisa,Sinninghe Damsté,, Jaap S.,Kim, Jung-Hyun Elsevier 2018 Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology Vol.496 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We analyzed a 10-m sediment core retrieved at 82 m water depth off the coast of the Tagus River (Western Iberian Margin, Portugal) to investigate a linkage between variations in benthic foraminiferal assemblages and Tagus River discharge over the last 5700 years. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages were studied at high resolution in combination with the stable carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of fossil shells of <I>Nonion scaphum</I>, bulk and molecular organic matter properties (TOC, TN, C/N ratio, δ<SUP>13</SUP>C<SUB>TOC</SUB>, δ<SUP>15</SUP>N<SUB>bulk</SUB>, and BIT index), magnetic susceptibility, and XRF analyses. Three periods of environmental changes were identified: 1) high Tagus River discharge in 5750–2200 calendar year before present (cal yr BP), 2) lower discharge characterized by intense upwelling conditions (2250–1250 cal yr BP), and 3) both intense upwelling and Tagus River discharge (1250 cal yr BP-present). The data reveal alternating intense upwelling periods, as shown by the dominance of <I>Cassidulina carinata</I>, <I>Valvulineria bradyana</I>, or <I>Bulimina marginata</I>, whereas periods of increased river discharge are indicated by increase of <I>N. scaphum</I>, <I>Ammonia beccarii</I>, and <I>Planorbulina mediterranensis</I>. The Tagus River discharge was the strongest during the first period, transporting riverine material further offshore and preventing the establishment of a mud belt on the mid-shelf (around 100 m depth). During the second period, a decrease in Tagus River discharge favored the formation of the Tagus mud belt and strongly influenced the benthic environment by creating an organic matter stock. During the third period, intense upwelling and increased Tagus River discharge were recorded by benthic foraminiferal distribution, with an increase of terrestrial elements present in the mud belt. Furthermore, our results showed that variations in benthic foraminiferal assemblages corresponded to the well-known climatic periods in the study area, such as the Roman Period, the Dark Ages, the Medieval Warm Period, and the Little Ice Age. Our study strongly suggests that benthic foraminiferal assemblages can be used as a bio-indicator to trace the influence of past river discharge.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Benthic foraminifera allow the reconstruction of past Tagus River discharges. </LI> <LI> Three different periods of environmental changes have been identified. </LI> <LI> Major change is due to the Tagus mud belt onset at around 2000 yr BP. </LI> <LI> Upwelling active periods are linked with positive phases of NAO. </LI> <LI> Tagus River discharges are associated with negative phases of NAO. </LI> </UL> </P>
Strong Sensitivity of Pine Island Ice-Shelf Melting to Climatic Variability
Dutrieux, Pierre,De Rydt, Jan,Jenkins, Adrian,Holland, Paul R.,Ha, Ho Kyung,Lee, Sang Hoon,Steig, Eric J.,Ding, Qinghua,Abrahamsen, E. Povl,Schrö,der, Michael American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2014 Science Vol.343 No.6167
<P><B>Cold Glacier Growth</B></P><P>Pine Island Glacier in Antarctica has thinned significantly during the last two decades and has provided a measurable contribution to sea-level rise as a result. Both glacier dynamics and climate are thought to be responsible for thinning, but exactly how they influence the glacier are incompletely known. <B>Dutrieux <I>et al.</I></B> (p. 174, published online 2 January) provide another layer of detail to our understanding of the process through observations of ocean temperatures in the surrounding waters. The thermocline adjacent in the sea adjacent to the glacier calving front (where ice is discharged) lowered by 250 meters in the austral summer of 2012. This change exposed the bottom of the ice shelf to colder surface waters rather than to the warmer, deeper layer, thereby reducing heat transfer from the ocean to the overlying ice and decreasing basal melting of the ice by more than 50% compared to 2010. Those 2012 ocean conditions were partly caused by a strong La Niña event, thus illustrating how important atmospheric variability is for regulating how the Antarctic Ice Sheet responds to climate change.</P>
English goal orientations of Japanese and Korean University learners
Jean-Pierre J. Richard,Suwako Uehara,Sujung Min,Beau Cheung 미래영어영문학회 2012 미래영어영문학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2012 No.12
The purpose of this paper is to report on development of two measures of English-language goal orientations, titled future use of English, which include a written form, FUE-Written, and a psychometric measure, FUE-Scale, as a result of an initial analysis of responses from a large-scale study involving N = 725 Japanese and Korean university learners. The presentation will first report on English-language study habits. Second, written English-language goal orientations will be described. Third, English-language goal orientations will be reported from a factor analysis. Fourth, vocabulary size scores will be reported. Finally, problems identified and areas of future research will be discussed. A deeper analysis of the data will be provided at ETAK 2012.