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Serum cholesterol levels and the risk of multiple system atrophy: A case-control study
Lee, Phil Hyu,Lim, Tae Sung,Shin, Hae-Won,Yong, Seok Woo,Nam, Hyo Suk,Sohn, Young H. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Movement disorders Vol.24 No.5
<P>Cholesterol in brain membranes may modulate the conformational state and accumulation of α-synuclein in α-synucleinopathies.We examined the association between serum cholesterol and the risk of multiple system atrophy (MSA), one of the α-synucleinopathies. We enrolled 142 patients with probable MSA from two tertiary referral hospitals and 155 age- and gender-matched healthy people with no neurological disease. The levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly lower in MSA patients than in controls (total cholesterol: 172.7 vs. 196.3 mg/dL, P < 0.001; LDL-C: 104.0 vs. 115.3 mg/dL, P = 0.001; HDL-C: 47.3 vs. 54.2 mg/dL, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, gender, use of cholesterol-lowering drugs, and histories of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking, the odds ratios was 5.9 (95% CI = 2.3–11.5, P < 0.001) for MSA patients in the lowest quartile of total cholesterol and 2.6 (95% CI = 1.2–5.5, P = 0.016) for those in the lowest quartile of HDL-C, compared with the highest quartiles. Levels of serum cholesterol did not significantly correlate with disease duration or severity. Our data suggest that lower levels of total cholesterol and HDL may be associated with an increased risk of MSA. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society</P>
Amyloid-β-related and unrelated cortical thinning in dementia with Lewy bodies
Lee, Young-gun,Jeon, Seun,Yoo, Han Soo,Chung, Seok Jong,Lee, Seung-Koo,Lee, Phil Hyu,Sohn, Young Ho,Yun, Mijin,Evans, Alan C.,Ye, Byoung Seok Elsevier 2018 NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING Vol.72 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Coexisting Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is common in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). To evaluate the cortical thinning in patients with DLB considering the effect of amyloid-β (Aβ), we compared the regional cortical thickness between control subjects and patients with DLB with abnormal dopamine transporter imaging. Seventeen (43.6%) of 39 patients with DLB and no control subjects had significant Aβ deposition on <SUP>18</SUP>F-florbetaben positron emission tomography. Compared to control (n = 15), Aβ-negative DLB group (n = 21) had cortical thinning in the bilateral insula, entorhinal, basal frontal, and occipito-parietal cortices. Compared to Aβ-negative DLB, Aβ-positive DLB group (n = 15) had a lower cortical thickness in the AD-prone brain regions in addition to the bilateral occipital, basal frontal, and somatomotor cortices. After controlling for the amount of Aβ deposition, DLB group had cortical thinning in the same regions affected in the Aβ-negative DLB group. In summary, patients with DLB had an Aβ-independent cortical thinning, while Aβ was associated with additional cortical thinning in the AD-prone brain regions and the aggravation of DLB-specific cortical thinning.</P>
Lee, Yoonju,Park, Yeong-Hun,Lee, Jae Jung,Sohn, Young H.,Lee, Jong-Min,Lee, Phil Hyu Elsevier 2018 Parkinsonism & related disorders Vol.52 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Introduction</B></P> <P>The pattern of resting-state networks is influenced by several factors besides the underlying pathological changes of Parkinson's disease (PD). Uric acid (UA), as an antioxidant, has a neuroprotective property against PD-related microenvironment; however, this effect would be gender-specific. We aimed to evaluate a gender-sensitive resting-state networks (RSN) according to the UA level in drug naïve de novo patients with PD to elucidate the role of antioxidant in cortical functional networks of PD.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>This study enrolled 135 de novo patients with PD underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Based on the distribution, the serum UA level was stratified into tertiles in the PD patients by gender. With a seed-based approach, we investigated the pattern of RSN within the dorsal attention network (DAN), executive control network (ECN), and default mode network (DMN).</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Interaction analysis showed a significant interaction between the lowest (PD-L-UA) and the highest UA level (PD-H-UA) groups according to gender within the DAN, ECN, and DMN. Compared to the control subjects, male patients with PD-H-UA had higher cortical functional connectivity (FC), while female patients had lower cortical FC regardless of UA level within all seeds. In a direct comparison, male patients with PD-H-UA had increased FC than did those with PD-L-UA. However, there was no significant difference in FC between PD-L-UA and PD-H-UA in female PD patients.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>These data suggest that RSN might be closely and gender-specifically associated with the status of serum UA in de novo PD patients.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We present fMRI data from 135 drug naïve de novo patients with PD. </LI> <LI> Male patients with higher UA levels had higher corticalfunctional connectivity. </LI> <LI> In contrast, female patients had lower functional networks regardless of UA level. </LI> <LI> Serum UA might influence RSN closely and gender-specifically in PD patients. </LI> </UL> </P>
Cardiac <sup>123</sup>I-MIBG scintigraphy in patients with essential tremor
Lee, Phil Hyu,Kim, Ji Won,Bang, Oh Young,Joo, In Soo,Yoon, Seok-Nam,Huh, Kyoon Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2006 Movement disorders Vol.21 No.8
<P>In some cases, it is difficult to differentiate essential tremor (ET) from Parkinson's disease (PD), especially in the early stages of the disease. We investigated cardiac sympathetic dysfunction using <SUP>123</SUP>I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy in 22 patients with ET, in comparison with early PD and tremor-dominant PD (TDPD). The mean ratio of <SUP>123</SUP>I-MIBG uptake in the region of interest in the heart to that in the mediastinum (H/M ratio) was significantly greater in patients with ET (1.99 ± 0.21) than in those with either TDPD (1.28 ± 0.11) or early PD (1.28 ± 0.17; each P < 0.001). The H/M ratio in all patients with ET was greater than two standard deviations above the range of the ratio in the patients with early PD or TDPD. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society</P>
Lee, Ji E,Cho, Kyoo H,Song, Sook K,Kim, Hee Jin,Lee, Hye Sun,Sohn, Young H,Lee, Phil Hyu BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2014 Journal of neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatry Vol.85 No.1
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) is a heterogeneous entity in terms of cognitive profiles and conversion to dementia. However, the risk factors for ongoing cognitive decline in patients with PD-MCI are not clearly defined.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>51 patients with PD-MCI were prospectively followed-up for a minimum of 2 years. Subjects were classified as MCI converters (n=15) or MCI non-converters (n=36) based on whether they were subsequently diagnosed with PD dementia. We explored cognitive profiles and neuroanatomical characteristics of PD-MCI converters using voxel based morphometry (VBM) of grey matter (GM) density and region of interest based volumetric analysis of the substantia innominata (SI).</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>PD-MCI converters showed more severe cognitive deficits in frontal executive functions, immediate verbal memory and visual recognition memory compared with PD-MCI non-converters. VBM analysis revealed that PD-MCI converters had significantly lower GM density in the left prefrontal areas, left insular cortex and bilateral caudate nucleus compared with that in PD-MCI non-converters. The mean normalised SI volume was significantly smaller in both PD-MCI converters (1.19±0.35, p<0.001) and PD-MCI non-converters (1.52±0.27, p<0.001) compared with that in controls (1.87±0.19). PD-MCI converters had a significantly smaller normalised SI volume than PD-MCI non-converters (p<0.001).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Our data show that atrophy in the frontostriatal areas and cholinergic structures, as well as frontal lobe associated cognitive performance, may act as predictors of dementia in PD-MCI patients, suggesting distinctive patterns of cognitive profiles and a neuroanatomical basis for progressive PD-MCI.</P>