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Sigmund Freud의 도덕론 연구 : super-ego와 良心을 중심으로
피세진 건국대학교 인문과학연구소 2000 인문과학논총 Vol.35 No.-
This study is to criticize the Freud's moral theory. Freud's arguments on the morality are as follows ; 1. Freud explains how human beings acquire a moral conscience by means of his theory of the super-ego. 2. Freud speak of moral conscience in terms of anxiety-producing function of the super-ego. 3. Freud equates moral conscience with the operation of the super-ego. 4. Freud's unconsciousness also play an important part in his analysis of the phenomenon of moral conscience. 5. The more a man lives up to his morality, the more he suffers from his moral conscience . My arguments are as follows ; 1. Freud's theory of the super-ego is not a correct account of the phenomenon of moral conscience. 2. Freud is not talking about moral conscience in his theory of the super-ego. 3. Freud often used moral terminology ambiguously to describe morality. 4. Freud's theory of the super-ego must be distinguished from the moral conscience.
피세진 건국대학교 1996 學術誌 Vol.40 No.1
Mill understood the 'higher pleasures' to be the pleasures of the intellect of the feelings and imagination, and of the moral sentiments in contrast to the pleasures of mere sensation. The doctrine of the higher pleasures was not only compatible with but actually essential for Mill's deep commitment to liberty. So, The liberty of man takes on an objective importance in a desirable plan of life. Mill wants to ground the superiority of the higher pleasures on people's choices, and he wants to defend individual autonomy on the ground that it is a basic source of the higher pleasures. And he wants to show also that a man's preference for the higher pleasures could be proof of their superiority.
쾌락의 양과 질 : Bentham 과 Mill를 중심으로 focused on Bentham and Mill
피세진 건국대학교 1994 學術誌 Vol.38 No.1
Mill's introduction of the distinction between quantity and quality, and his doctrine of higher and lower pleasures is to dissociate from Bentham who affirms "quantity of pleasure being equal, push-pin is as good as poetry. Mill speaks of higher faculties as well as higher pleasures. He thinks that the pleaures associated with the more elevated faculties are superior both in kind and absolutely to the pleasures associated with animal appetites. So mental pleasure is preferable in kind to physical pleasure. Mill's problm is what makes some pleasure higher and others lower ? He appeals to the feelings and judgment of wise persons who are acquainted with both sides of pleasures. What I aimed in this study is to clarify what Mill's true intention is.
皮世鎭 건국대학교 교육대학원 1982 敎育論叢 Vol.2 No.-
What do we know? What is the extent of our knowledge? Can we have any knowledge of nature as it really is? What is the truth? These are the problems of epistemology. Epistemology or the theory of knowledge is concerned with the nature, basis and scope of knowledge. In the Theaetetus Socrates discusses with Theaetetus concerning the nature of knowledge. When Socrates asked Theaetetus "What is knowledge?", Theaetetus answered that knowledge is perception. Perception is one of the sources of our knowledge. But if knowledge is perception, it is something purely relative to the perceiver. Knowledge must have the universality and necessity. Thus, Kant said that universality and necessity is a mark or criterion of a knowledge. In the introduction to the Prolegomena, Kant informs us of the origin and aim of his philosophy. His philosophy is a transcendental criticism, that is, an examination of knowledge. Our external senses represent their objects as extended in space, and our internal senses represent our conscious states as succeeding each other in time. Space and time are the a priori conditions of external and internal sensation. The fact that knowledge based on the nature of space and time is necessary and universal. Their role is to reduce the multiplicity of the object to that unity which is an essential condition of being perceived by the subject. They are the conditions of sensitive intuition. So the space and time are the pure forms of our intuition, while sensation forms its matter. The a priori forms of the pure understanding are the categories, which stand to intellectual knowledge in the relation in which space and time stand to sense knowledge. Although the categories are a priori, that is, independent of sensation, they do not extend our knowledge beyond phenomena.
"快樂은 計算될 수 있는가" : Bentham의 原理를 中心으로 focused on Bentham's Principle
皮世鎭 建國大學校 人文科學硏究所 1986 인문과학논총 Vol.18 No.-
No examination of Bentham would be complete unless it included what is called the hedonic calculus. This is the principle that pleasure and unpleasure can be measured in at least some kind of way. Bentham supposed that in practice, money formed a suitable measure of pleasure, and devotes a certain amount of consideration to this form of measurement. Bentham's concept of hedonic calculus is a logically coherent one, and that there is no valid logical ovjection to his constructing as he dces a calculus of pleasure to serve as a guide to action. Bentham was grossly optimistic about the practicability of using such a calculus with any approach to accuracy. But accurate measurement of pleasure must wait the discovery by psychologists of a physically measurable correlate of pleasure.