Importance of the knowledge of pathological processes for risk-based inspection in pig slaughterhouses (Study of 2002 to 2016)

Pedro Sanchez,Francisco J. Pallares,Miguel A. Gomez,Antonio Bernabe,Serafin Gomez,Juan Seva 아세아·태평양축산학회 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.11

Objective: The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of the pathologies that caused the condemnation of pig carcasses in an area of intensive pig farming and Mediterranean climatology and to evaluate their influence in a risk-based inspection procedure for slaughterhouses. Methods: A retrospective observational investigation was carried out from 2002 to 2016 into the pathological processes that caused the condemnation of pig carcasses in a slaughterhouse from South-eastern Spain. The seasonal effect on the causes of condemnation carcass was reported. Negative binomial model was used to evaluate the effect of season on the rate of antemortem rejections and post-mortem condemnations. Histopathological examinations were performed to confirm the diagnosis. Results: The risk of antemortem rejections (0.0564%) was significantly greater in summer (risk ratio [RR] = 1.57). Autumn was associated with higher rate (RR = 1.69) of the total postmortem condemnations (0.1046%). Significantly higher rates of pronounced anaemia (0.0111%) were observed in summer (RR = 3.20). The main causes of anaemia were observed gastroesophageal ulcers and haemorrhagic enteropathies. Significantly highest risk of erysipelas (0.0074%) were observed in autumn (RR = 5.485). About other zoonosis, only eight cases (0.0013%) of carcasses were declared unfit due to tuberculosis lesions. Porcine muscular cysticercosis was not detected. Nevertheless, nonspecific causes such as generalized infections and emaciation represented the half of the condemned carcasses (50.90%). Conclusion: The pathologies leading to the condemnation of carcasses in this study can be considered representative of the pathologies that affect the pig population from a region with a high intensive production and Mediterranean climatology because this slaughterhouse receives a lot of animals from many farms of different size in a high intensive pig production zone (Mediterranean region). Increased knowledge of environmental factors that may foment the appearance of the diseases is essential for implementing inspection programs based on risk assessment in pig’s slaughterhouses.

Case Reports : Extensive, Non-Healing Scalp Ulcer Associated with Trauma-Induced Chronic Osteomyelitis

( Pedro Valeron Almazan ),( Anselmo Javier Gomez Duaso ),( Pino Rivero ),( Jaime Vilar ),( Luis Dehesa ),( Nestor Santana ),( Gregorio Carretero ) 대한피부과학회 2011 Annals of Dermatology Vol.23 No.3s

A 77-year-old woman presented with a trauma to the scalp caused from the blade of a windmill. The condition was persistent from the past 50 years. At the initial examination, a deep, foul-smelling and well-circumscribed ulcer was apparent on the head region, involving the majority of the cranium. Skin biopsy specimens of the lesion were non- specific. The bone biopsy showed extensive necrotic areas of bone and soft tissues, with lymphocytic exudate foci. A computed tomography scan of the head revealed bone destruction principally involving both the parietal bones, and parts of the frontal and occipital bones. Streptococcus parasanguis was isolated from the skin culture, and Proteus mirabilis and Peptostreptococcus sp. were identified in the cultures from the bone. A long-term treatment with amoxicillin- clavulanic acid (1 g/12 h) and levofloxacin (500 mg/ day) was prescribed, but even after 6 months, the lesion remained unchanged. The frequency of occurrence of scalp ulcers in dermatological patients is less, principally because of the rich blood supply to this area. We have not found any similar case report of a scalp ulcer secondary to chronic osteomyelitis discovered more than 50 years after the causal trauma. We want to highlight the importance of complete cutaneous evaluation including skin and bone biopsies, when scalp osteomyelitis is suspected. (Ann Dermatol 23(S3) S364~S367, 2011)

Ultrasonographic ovarian dynamic, plasma progesterone, and non-esterified fatty acids in lame postpartum dairy cows

Pedro Melendez,Veronica Gomez,Hans Bothe,Francisco Rodriguez,Juan Velez,Hernando Lopez,Julian Bartolome,Louis Archbald 대한수의학회 2018 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.19 No.3

The objective of this study was to compare ovulation rate, number of large ovarian follicles, and concentrations of plasma progesterone (P4) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) between lame (n = 10) and non-lame (n = 10) lactating Holstein cows. The study was conducted in an organic dairy farm, and cows were evaluated by undertaking ultrasonography and blood sampling every 3 days from 30 days postpartum for a period of 34 days. Cows which became lame during the first 30 days postpartum experienced a lower ovulation rate determined by the presence of a corpus luteum (50% presence for lame cows and 100% for non-lame cows, p ≤ 0.05). The number of large ovarian follicles in the ovaries was 5 for lame cows and 7 for non-lame cows (p = 0.09). Compared to non-lame cows, lame cows had significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) concentrations of plasma P4. Furthermore, NEFA concentrations were lower (p ≤ 0.05) in lame cows than in non-lame cows. It is concluded that lameness in postpartum dairy cows is associated with ovulation failure and lower concentrations of P4 and NEFA.

Mobility-Aware Mesh Construction Algorithm for Low Data-Overhead Multicast Ad Hoc Routing

Ruiz, Pedro M.,Antonio F., Gomez-Skarmeta The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2004 Journal of communications and networks Vol.6 No.4

We study the problem of controlling data overhead of mesh-based multicast ad hoc routing protocols by adaptively adding redundancy to the minimal data overhead multicast mesh as required by the network conditions. We show that the computation of the minimal data overhead multicast mesh is NP-complete, and we propose an heuristic approximation algorithm inspired on epidemic algorithms. In addition, we propose a mobility-aware and adaptive mesh construction algorithm based on a probabilistic path selection being able to adapt the reliability of the multicast mesh to the mobility of the network. Our simulation results show that the proposed approach, when implemented into ODMRP, is able to offer similar performance results and a lower average latency while reducing data overhead between 25 to 50% compared to the original ODMRP.

Kinetic modeling and energy evaluation of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate photocatalytic degradation in a new LED reactor

Sara Dominguez,Maria J. Rivero,Pedro Gomez,Raquel Iban˜ez,Inmaculada Ortiz 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.37 No.-

Photocatalysis is an effective technology for the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater. Artificiallight sources are still required for continuous operation, representing a large fraction of the operatingcosts. Thus, energy efficiency becomes a key issue that needs optimization. In this work, the performanceof a novel upgraded Light Emitting Diodes (LED) reactor was studied varying the radiation applied. Theevaluation was based on the degradation yield of the surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate(SDBS) and on the energy requirement, determined by the parameter ‘‘Electrical Energy per Order’’ (EEO). The best SDBS removal, 94% after 480 min, was attained using 27.5 mW cm 2. Nevertheless, the bestenergy consumption was for 3.22 mW cm 2, with an EEO of 47.5 kW h m 3 order 1. Moreover, thehydroxyl radicals ( OH) generated were quantified and a three-region kinetic model consideringradiation was proposed. 92% of the simulated results fell within [ OH]gen,exp 15% [ OH]gen,exp. Furthermore, a comparison with a 1st generation LED reactor and a Hg lamp reactor was carried out. The lastone showed the highest performance, achieving complete SDBS removal after 360 min; however, its energyrequirement was one order of magnitude higher than that of the upgraded LED reactor.

Towards flexible solid-state supercapacitors for smart and wearable electronics

Dubal, Deepak P.,Chodankar, Nilesh R.,Kim, Do-Heyoung,Gomez-Romero, Pedro The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Chemical Society reviews Vol.47 No.6

<P>Flexible solid-state supercapacitors (FSSCs) are frontrunners in energy storage device technology and have attracted extensive attention owing to recent significant breakthroughs in modern wearable electronics. In this study, we review the state-of-the-art advancements in FSSCs to provide new insights on mechanisms, emerging electrode materials, flexible gel electrolytes and novel cell designs. The review begins with a brief introduction on the fundamental understanding of charge storage mechanisms based on the structural properties of electrode materials. The next sections briefly summarise the latest progress in flexible electrodes (<I>i.e.</I>, freestanding and substrate-supported, including textile, paper, metal foil/wire and polymer-based substrates) and flexible gel electrolytes (<I>i.e.</I>, aqueous, organic, ionic liquids and redox-active gels). Subsequently, a comprehensive summary of FSSC cell designs introduces some emerging electrode materials, including MXenes, metal nitrides, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), polyoxometalates (POMs) and black phosphorus. Some potential practical applications, such as the development of piezoelectric, photo-, shape-memory, self-healing, electrochromic and integrated sensor-supercapacitors are also discussed. The final section highlights current challenges and future perspectives on research in this thriving field.</P>