Expression of a Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase Gene in Response to Stresses and Phytohormones in Rehmannia Glutinosa

Myoung-Ryoul Park,Sang-Soo Ryu,Nam-Hee Yoo,Chang-Yeon Yu,Song-Joong Yun 한국약용작물학회 2005 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.13 No.5

Superoxide dismutases (SOD) are metalloenzymes that convert O2- to H2O2. Rehmannia glutinosa is highly tolerant to paraquat-induced oxidative stress. The primary objective of this study was to characterize regulation of SOD gene expression in R. glutinosa in response to oxidative stresses and hormones. A full-length putative SOD clone (RgCu-ZnSOD1) was isolated from the leaf cDNA library of R. glutinosa using an expressed sequence tag clone as a probe. RgCu-ZnSOD1 cDNA is 777 bp in length and contains an open reading frame for a polypeptide consisted of 152 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of the clone shows highest sequence similarity to the cytosolic Cu-ZnSODs. The two to three major bands with several minor ones on the Southern blots indicate that RgCu-ZnSOD1 is a member of a small multi-gene family. RgCuZnSOD1 mRNA was constitutively expressed in the leaf, flower and root. The expression of RgCu-ZnSOD1 mRNA was increased about 20% by wounding and paraquat, but decreased over 50% by ethylene and GA3. This result indicates that the RgCu-ZnSOD1 expression is regulated differentially by different stresses and phytohormones at the transcription level. The RgCu-ZnSOD1 sequence and information on its regulation will be useful in investigating the role of SOD in the paraquat tolerance of R. glutinosa.

Analysis of Agronomic Traits of Soybeans Adaptable to Northern Area of the Korean Peninsula

( Myoung Ryoul Park ),( Min-jung Seo ),( Hong-tae Yun ),( Yong Hawn Ryu ),( Huhn Pal Moon ),( Dong Soon Kim ) 한국육종학회 2019 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.7 No.4

We have conducted this study to select soybeans adaptable to North Korea using growing degree days (GDD) as a heuristic tool. For analyzing climatic conditions, we assumed that climatic conditions of Longjing, Donggang, and Yeoncheon are similar to the Eastern Coast Northern Zone, Suyangsan Northern Zone, and Suyangsan Southern Zone in North Korea, respectively. The predicted days to flowering of 100 soybeans grown at Longjing, Donggang, and Yeoncheon were in ranges from 7/17 to 7/30, from 7/16 to 7/28, and from 7/30 to 8/10, respectively, while the last date of flowering for completely harvesting were predicted by July 12^th, August 2^nd, and August 11^th, respectively. The predicted days to flowering using GDD were almost similar to the days investigated in the three fields. These results showed that GDD is highly effective in predicting development rates of soybean, such as days to flower­ing and days to maturity. Although most of the tested soybeans were difficult to adapt to Longjing, we selected 12, 15, and 16 soybean varieties/lines based on the predicted days to flowering and last date of flowering for completely harvesting and yield of the soybeans grown at Longjing, Donggang and Yeoncheon, respectively, for further analyzing effects of the regional characteristics on agricultural traits of the selected soybeans. The 100-seed weight and yield of the selected soybeans grown at Longjing was significantly low compared with those at the other locations. The results implied that the soybeans would be exposed to freezing temperature before R6 stage and the reduced size would contribute to soybean yield loss. Taken together, we concluded that Suwon212, Iksan13 and ‘Shinpaldalkong2’ which were stable in degree of lodging, 100-seed weight, and yield at Donggang and Yeoncheon could be adaptable to Suyangsan Northern Zone, and Suyangsan Southern Zone in North Korea.

Assessment of the Effects of Interactions between Climatic Conditions and Genetic Characteristics on the Agronomic Traits of Soybeans Grown in Six Different Experimental Fields

Myoung Ryoul Park,Chunmei Cai,서민정,윤홍태,박수권,최만수,박창환,문중경 한국작물학회 2019 Korean journal of crop science Vol.64 No.3

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a species of legume native to East Asia. The interactions between climatic conditions and genetic characteristics are known to affect the agricultural performance of soybean. Therefore, the present investigation was conducted to identify the main elements affecting the agricultural performances of 11 soybean varieties/lines from China [Harbin (45°12′N), Yanji (42°53′N), Dalian (39°30′N), Qingdao (36°26′N)] and the Republic of Korea [Suwon (37°16′N), and Jeonju (35°49′N)]. The days to flowering (DTF) of soybeans with the e1-nf and e1-as alleles and the E1e2e3e4 genotype, except in ‘Keumgangkong’, ‘Tawonkong’, and ‘Duyoukong’, were relatively short compared to those of soybeans with other alleles. Although DTF of the soybeans was highly correlated with all climatic conditions [negative: precipitation, average temperature (AVT), accumulated temperature; positive: day-length (DL)], days to maturity and 100-seed weight of the soybeans showed no significant correlation with any climatic conditions. The soybeans with a dominant Dt1 allele, except ‘Tawonkong’, had the longest stem length (STL). Moreover, STL of the soybeans grown in the test fields showed a positive correlation with only DL; however, the results of our chamber test that was conducted to complement the field tests showed that STL of soybean was positively affected by AVT and DL. Although soybean yield (YLD) showed positive correlations with latitude and DL (except L62-667, OT89-5, and OT89-6), the response of YLD to the climatic conditions was cultivar-specific. Our results show that DTF and STL of soybeans grown in six different latitudes are highly affected by DL, and AVT and genetic characteristic also affect DTF and STL.

Selection of Useful Germplasm Based on the Variation Analysis of Growth and Seed Quality of Soybean Germplasms Grown at Two Different Latitudes

( Myoung Ryoul Park ),( Min-jung Seo ),( Yu-young Lee ),( Chang-hwan Park ) 한국육종학회 2016 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.4 No.4

We conducted this study to select useful germplasms for investigating the agricultural performances and content variations of proximate composition, fatty acid, and isoflavone of the soybean germplasms grown at two different latitudes, Suwon (37˚16`N) and Yeoncheon (38˚12`N), Republic of Korea. The days to flowering of the soybeans grown at Suwon was early by 1 day compared with that at Yeoncheon whereas the days to maturing of the soybeans were not different by latitudes. The Yeoncheon-cultivated soybeans were greater in growth and yield than the Suwon. The crude oil in range of 17.0% to 20.0% had a positive correlation with the yield. There was a strong negative correlation between oleic acid and saturated fatty (palmitic and stearic) acid contents in the seeds producted at Suwon but the Yeoncheon were not significant. The linoleic acid in seeds of the germplasms was contained by 7.3-fold more than the linolenic acid. The malonylgenistin content was the highest among the detected isoflavones and Deapung had the highest total isoflavone content. The content of total isoflavones in the Yeoncheon-producted seeds was high more than that in the Suwon whereas those of Hei nong 44(hou), Tachikogane, and B152 grown at Suwon were significantly lower rather than those at Yeoncheon. However, the difference of latitude seemed to play an important role in the content variations of growth, yield, and fatty acids and isoflavones in the germplasms. Eventually, Tie dou 44 and WIR3722, which were stably outstanding in all the investigated aspects regardless of the growing locations, were selected as useful germplasms.

Assessment of the Effects of Interactions between Climatic Conditions and Genetic Characteristics on the Agronomic Traits of Soybeans Grown in Six Different Experimental Fields

Park, Myoung Ryoul,Cai, Chunmei,Seo, Min-Jung,Yun, Hong-Tae,Park, Soo-Kwon,Choi, Man-Soo,Park, Chang-Hwan,Moon, Jung Kyung The Korean Society of Crop Science 2019 한국작물학회지 Vol.64 No.3

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a species of legume native to East Asia. The interactions between climatic conditions and genetic characteristics are known to affect the agricultural performance of soybean. Therefore, the present investigation was conducted to identify the main elements affecting the agricultural performances of 11 soybean varieties/lines from China [Harbin ($45^{\circ}12^{\prime}N$), Yanji ($42^{\circ}53^{\prime}N$), Dalian ($39^{\circ}30^{\prime}N$), Qingdao ($36^{\circ}26^{\prime}N$)] and the Republic of Korea [Suwon ($37^{\circ}16^{\prime}N$), and Jeonju ($35^{\circ}49^{\prime}N$)]. The days to flowering (DTF) of soybeans with the e1-nf and e1-as alleles and the E1e2e3e4 genotype, except in 'Keumgangkong', 'Tawonkong', and 'Duyoukong', were relatively short compared to those of soybeans with other alleles. Although DTF of the soybeans was highly correlated with all climatic conditions [negative: precipitation, average temperature (AVT), accumulated temperature; positive: day-length (DL)], days to maturity and 100-seed weight of the soybeans showed no significant correlation with any climatic conditions. The soybeans with a dominant Dt1 allele, except 'Tawonkong', had the longest stem length (STL). Moreover, STL of the soybeans grown in the test fields showed a positive correlation with only DL; however, the results of our chamber test that was conducted to complement the field tests showed that STL of soybean was positively affected by AVT and DL. Although soybean yield (YLD) showed positive correlations with latitude and DL (except L62-667, OT89-5, and OT89-6), the response of YLD to the climatic conditions was cultivar-specific. Our results show that DTF and STL of soybeans grown in six different latitudes are highly affected by DL, and AVT and genetic characteristic also affect DTF and STL.

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Differential Response of Phytohormone Biosynthesis Genes in Glumous Flowers of Cold-Tolerant and Cold-Sensitive Rice Varieties Upon Cold Stress at Booting Stage

Myoung Ryoul Park,Ki Young Kim,Kuldeep Tyagi,So Hyeon Baek,Song Joong Yun 한국육종학회 2011 한국육종학회지 Vol.43 No.1

Low temperature stress is one of the major negative factors affecting vegetative and reproductive growth of rice. To better understand responses of rice plants to low temperature we analyzed transcriptome expression patterns in glumous flower of cold-tolerant japonica rice variety, Stejaree45, and cold-susceptible variety, HR19621-AC6 at booting stage under cold water irrigation. A total of 2,411 probes were differentially expressed by low temperature in glumous flowers of the two varieties. Some important genes involved in hormone biosynthesis showed variety-specific regulation. Expression of GA20ox3 and GA2ox, among the genes involved in GA biosynthesis, was regulated differentially in the two varieties. Among the genes involved in IAA biosynthesis, YUCCA1 and TAA1:1 showed variety-specific regulation. Among the genes involved in cytokinin biosynthsis and signaling, expression of LOG, HK1 and HK3 was significantly down-regulated only in the cold-susceptible variety. Among the genes involved in ABA biosynthesis, NSY and AAO3 were down-regulated only in the cold-tolerant variety. In general, genes involved in GA, IAA and cytokinin biosynthesis responded to cold temperature in such a way that capacity of those bioactive hormones is maintained at relatively higher levels under cold temperature in the cold-tolerant variety, which can help minimize cold stress imposed to developing reproductive organs in the cold-tolerant variety.

Regulation of Ascorbate Peroxidase Gene Expression in Response to Stresses and Phytohormone in Rehmannia glutinosa

Park Myoung Ryoul,Park Moon Hee,Yoo Nam Hee,Yu Chang Yeon,Yun Song Joong The Korean Society of Crop Science 2005 Korean journal of crop science Vol.50 No.4

Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) plays a crucial role in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide. APX activity is maintained significantly higher in the paraquat­treated leaves of the paraquat-tolerant Rehmannia glutinos. This study was conducted to understand structural and regulatory characteristics of APX gene in R. glutinosa. A putative APX cDNA clone (RgAPX1) was isolated from a leaf cDNA library using a partially sequenced expressed sequence tag clone. RgAPX1 is consisted of 1148 bp nucleotides and contains an open reading frame encoding a 250 amino acid-long polypeptide. Deduced RgAPX1 amino acid sequence shares higher sequence similarity to cytosolic APXs. RgAPX1. expression was higher in the leaf than in the flower and root. Southern blot result indicates the presence of one or two RgAPX1-related genes in R. glutinosa genome. RgAPX1 transcription was affected differentially by various stresses and phytohormone. The results indicate that RgAPXl is constitutively expressed in most tissues and its expression is modulated for the immediate and efficient detoxification of $H_2O_2$ under normal and stress conditions.

Transcriptome profiling characterizes phosphate deficiency effects on carbohydrate metabolism in rice leaves

Park, Myoung Ryoul,Baek, So-Hyeon,de los Reyes, Benildo G.,Yun, Song Joong,Hasenstein, Karl H. Elsevier 2012 Journal of plant physiology Vol.169 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Phosphorus (P) is a structural component of nucleic acids and phospholipids and plays important roles in plant growth and development. P accumulation was significantly reduced (about 35%) in rice leaves from plants grown under low (32μM) P compared to 320μMP grown plants. Genome response to low P was examined using the rice 60K oligonucleotide DNA microarrays. At the threshold significance of |log<SUB>2</SUB>| fold>2.0, 21,033 genes (about 33.7% of all genes on the microarray) were affected by P deficiency. Among all genes on the microarray, 4271 genes were sorted into 51 metabolic pathways. Low P affected 1494 (35.0%) genes and the largest category of genes was related to sucrose degradation to ethanol and lactate pathway. To survey the role of P in rice, 25 pathways were selected based on number of affected genes. Among these pathways, cytosolic glycolysis contained the least number of upregulated but most down-regulated genes. Low P decreased glucose, pyruvate and chlorophyll, and genes related to carbon metabolism and chlorophyllide <I>a</I> biosynthesis. However, sucrose and starch levels increased. These results indicate that P nutrition affects diverse metabolic pathways mostly related to glucose, pyruvate, sucrose, starch, and chlorophyll <I>a</I>.</P>

Analysis of Feed Value and Usability of Soybean Varieties as Livestock Forage

Park, Myoung Ryoul,Seo, Min-Jung,Yun, Hong-Tae,Park, Chang-Hwan The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science 2017 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.37 No.2

This experiment was conducted to evaluate feed value and usability of soybean varieties as livestock forage. In this study, three soybean cultivars, OT93-26, Geomjeongsaeol, and Pungwon, were harvested at R5 (beginning seed development)- and R6 (full seed)-reproductive stages for analyzing feed value of soybean. Days to R5 stage harvest of OT93-26 among the three soybean cultivars was 55 days and the shortest while Pungwon took 103 days to reach at R6 stage. The R6-harvested soybeans had higher dry matter (DM) yields and crude protein (CP) content than the R5-harvested. However, both DM and CP were the highest in the R6-harvested Geomjeongsaeol. Contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of Pungwon harvested at R5 were the highest whereas the R6-harvested Geomjeongsaeol had the lowest. Digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI), and relative feed value (RFV) of the R6-harvested Geomjeongsaeol and Pungwon were higher than those of the R5-harvested, but in case of OT93-26, those at R6 stage were low rather than those at R5 stage. However, soybean could be used as alternative forage with high feed value for livestock. Taken together, Geomjeongsaeol could be used for developing new forage soybean varieties with high feed value, and R6 would be the optimum harvesting stage for yield and quality of forage soybean.

Overexpression of a high-affinity phosphate transporter gene from tobacco (NtPT1) enhances phosphate uptake and accumulation in transgenic rice plants

Park, Myoung Ryoul,Baek, So-Hyeon,de los Reyes, Benildo G.,Yun, Song Joong Springer Netherlands 2007 Plant and soil Vol.292 No.1