Effect of Cellulose Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Wild and Domestic Ruminants on In vitro Dry Matter Digestibility of Feed and Enzyme Production

Sahu, N.P.,Kamra, D.N.,Paul, S.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.2

Cellulolytic bacterial strains have been isolated from the faeces of wild (blackbuck, Antilope cervicapra; nilgai, Baselophus tragocamelus chinkara, Gazella gazella spotted deer, Axis axis and hog deer, Cervus porcinus) and rumen liquor of domestic (sheep, Ovis aries) ruminants. Five best cellulose degrading bacterial isolates (Ruminococcus sp.) were used as microbial feed additive along with buffalo rumen liquor as inoculum to study their effect on digestibility of feed and enzyme production in in vitro conditions. The bacterial isolate from chinkara (CHI-2) showed the highest per cent apparent dry matter (DM) digestibility ($35.40{\pm}0.60$), true dry matter digestibility ($40.80{\pm}0.69$) and NDF ($26.38{\pm}0.83$) digestibility (p<0.05) compared to control ($32.73{\pm}0.56$, $36.64{\pm}0.71$ and $21.16{\pm}0.89$, respectively) and other isolates at 24 h of incubation with lignocellulosic feeds (wheat straw and wheat bran, 80:20). The same isolate also exhibited the highest activities of fibre degrading enzymes like carboxymethylcellulase, xylanase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase and acetyl esterase. The bacterial isolate from chinkara (Gazella gazella) appears to have a potential to be used as feed additive in the diet of ruminants for improving utilization of nutrients from lignocellulosic feeds.

Effect of Extrusion Processing and Steam Pelleting Diets on Pellet Durability, Water Absorption and Physical Response of Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Misra, Chandra Kanta,Sahu, N.P.,Jain, K.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.9

Two hundred and ten post-larvae (PL) of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (14.5-14.9 mg) were equally distributed in two experimental groups and fed with either steam cooked or extruded pellet for a period of 60 days. Physical evaluation and growth promoting effect of both the pellets were assessed. Significantly higher (p<0.05) water stability, absorption and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were recorded in extruded pellet than the steam cooked pellet. Nutrient loss was minimum in the extruded pellet for which lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p<0.05) was recorded in this group. However, weight gain, relative growth and specific growth rate (SGR) in both the groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). Although insignificant (p>0.05) but higher amylase activity was recorded in steam pellet fed group. Survival was not affected by feeding either of the diets.

Responses of Labeo rohita to Dietary Lathyrus sativus Seeds

Barse, A.V.,Jadhao, S.B.,Sahu, N.P.,Srivastava, P.P.,Jain, K.K.,Pal, A.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.1

Lathyrus sativus, locally known as Khesari, is a leguminous pulse crop grown in many parts of the world for food (used by poor people) and animal feed/fodder. Its seeds are rich in protein and energy but contains anti-nutritional factors prominent among which is ${\beta}$-N-Oxalylamino-L-Alanine (BOAA), a neurotoxin causing lathyrism in humans due to prolong consumption. Keeping in view the chemical characteristics of this toxin and literary facts on L. sativus feeding in terrestrial animals, it was hypothesized that aquatic species may better utilise this ingredient in mixed extruded diets. Diets were prepared with varying levels (0, 10, 18, 26 and 34%) of L. sativus seeds and fed for 60 days to study growth, body composition and digestibility of nutrients. Final body weight, specific growth rate and feed and protein conversion ratio did not differ (p>0.05) between treatments. Crude protein digestibility was reduced (p<0.01) beyond 26% inclusion level of L. sativus. Final carcass composition with regard to protein, lipid and ash did not differ (p>0.05) among the treatments. Comparable craniosomatic, viscerosomatic, renosomatic and hepatic indices and no mortality implies no apparent adverse effect on the vital organs and fish health. It was concluded that L. sativus can be a promising feed ingredient that can be used up to 34% or possibly higher level in fingerlings diet. To our knowledge, it appears to be the first report of its kind under laboratory conditions.

Effect of Dietary Lipid Sources on Growth, Enzyme Activities and Immuno-hematological Parameters in Catla catla Fingerlings

Priya, K.,Pal, A.K.,Sahu, N.P.,Mukherjee, S.C. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.11

Ninety advanced Catla catla fingerlings (av. wt. 16 g) were randomly distributed in six treatment groups with three replicates each for an experimental period of 60 days to study the effect of dietary lipid source on growth, enzyme activities and immuno-hematological parameters. Six isoprotein (40.0-41.9%) and isocaloric (4,260 kcal $kg^{-1}$) semi-purified diets were prepared with varying levels of soybean oil (SBO) and cod liver oil (CLO) within a total of 8% lipid viz., $D_1$ (Control), $D_2$ (8% SBO), $D_3$ (6% SBO and 2% CLO), $D_4$ (4% SBO and 4% CLO), $D_5$ (2% SBO and 6% CLO) and $D_6$ (8% CLO). Highest SGR was noted in $D_5$ (0.73${\pm}$0.03) group, which was similar with $D_3$ (0.71${\pm}$0.02) and $D_4$ (0.69${\pm}$0.01) groups. Activity of intestinal lipase, hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) of the lipid treatment groups were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the control group. The respiratory burst activity of the phagocytes (Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)) was highest in $D_2$ (1.95${\pm}$0.21) followed by $D_3$ (1.19${\pm}$0.15) group, which were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the other groups. Globulin level was significantly higher in $D_3$ (1.29${\pm}$0.08) than in the other groups expect $D_4$. Hemoglobin content and total erythrocyte count did not show any significant difference. From this study, it is concluded that a diet containing 6% soybean oil and 2% cod liver oil ($D_3$) yields higher growth and immune response in Catla catla fingerlings and would be cost effective.

Gelatinized Carbohydrates in the Diet of Catla catla Fingerlings: Effect of Levels and Sources on Nutrient Utilization, Body Composition and Tissue Enzyme Activities

Yengkokpam, Sona,Sahu, N.P.,Pal, A.K.,Mukherjee, S.C.,Debnath, Dipesh Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.1

A Feeding trial was conducted to study the effects of three different sources and two levels of dietary gelatinized carbohydrate (GC) on nutrient utilization, growth, tissue composition and tissue enzyme activities of fingerlings of Catla catla (15.1-15.3 g). Six isocaloric (17.1-17.5 kJ/g) semi-purified diets were prepared either with rice, corn or tapioca at 40 or 50% GC each. The crude protein (CP) level used in the diet was 35% and 25% for 40% and 50% GC level, respectively to study the protein sparing effect of GC. The degree of gelatinization was higher for corn and tapioca than rice under similar cooking conditions. After a 60-d feeding trial, dry matter, carbohydrate, protein and lipid digestibility were higher in tapioca fed groups at both the levels of GC. However, the highest specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were observed in the corn fed groups at 50% GC level indicating better utilization of nutrients from gelatinized corn. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was almost similar in corn and tapioca fed groups between two levels of GC but in rice fed groups, FCR was lower in 40% GC than 50% GC level. The results indicated higher protein-sparing effect in corn and tapioca fed groups than rice fed groups. The order of gelatinized carbohydrate utilization in Catla catla fingerlings at 50% GC level was corn>tapioca>rice. At 40% GC level, corn and tapioca were comparable and more efficiently utilized than rice. In the corn fed groups, 50% GC was comparable with 40% GC level, whereas in rice and tapioca fed groups the 40% GC was better in terms of nutrient utilization. Liver glycogen content and hepatosomatic index were significantly (p<0.05) higher in those groups fed high GC (50%) irrespective of carbohydrate sources. Higher intestinal amylase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were observed in higher GC fed groups than the lower GC groups. No mortality was found in any groups at any levels of GC.

Use of Squilla (Orato squilla nepa), Squid (Sepia pharonis) and Clam (Katelysia opima) Meal Alone or in Combination as a Substitute for Fish Meal in the Postlarval Diet of Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Naik, S.D.,Sahu, N.P.,Jain, K.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.9

Two hundred and forty post-larvae (PL) of fresh water prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii were distributed in eight treatment groups with three replicates each. Eight experimental diets were prepared by using squilla (Orato squilla nepa), squid (Sepia pharonis) and clam (katelysia opima) alone or in different combination as source of animal protein and compared to a control diet containing fish meal. Total crude protein content for all dietary treatments was around 32%. Total protein content of fish meal was replaced by an equal amount of protein from different animal protein sources on isonitrogenous basis. Diets were fed at 5% of the body weight of post-larvae twice daily. The experiment was conducted for a period of 60 days. It was found that all the above three protein sources could be used by completely replacing fishmeal except clam meal at higher level of inclusion (26%). A combination of squid and squilla meal at 14% each in the diet increased the growth performance of PL significantly (p<0.05) in terms of Specific growth rate (SGR) % (5.17), FCR (2.12) and PER (1.51). Squilla meal can be used to the maximum level of 38% without any growth depression.

Enhanced tribo-chemical properties of oxygen functionalized mechanically exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride nanolubricant additives

Sahu, Jayakrushna,Panda, Kalpataru,Gupta, Bhavana,Kumar, Niranjan,Manojkumar, P.A.,Kamruddin, M. Elsevier 2018 Materials chemistry and physics Vol.207 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Two dimensional (2D) materials with layered lattice structure as nanofluid additives are useful to improve the tribological properties of metallic sliding interfaces. To enhance the tribological efficiency, the bulk crystalline hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) powder sample was mechanically exfoliated by ball milling, and further processed through ultrasonication for de-aggregation. High resolution X-ray diffraction (HR XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR TEM) results clearly indicate the exfoliation of bulk h-BN into thinner two-dimensional (2D) crystalline sheets without creating noticeable structural defects. The topography of exfoliated nanosheets is well confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Oxygen functionalization into the h-BN nanosheets after the mechanical exfoliation was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Oxygen functionalization of h-BN improved the cohesive compatibility between h-BN and commercial 10W30 lubricant oil for stable dispersion. Friction coefficient and wear of sliding metallic interfaces were reduced significantly in the presence of few layered exfoliated h-BN nanofluid as compared to neat lubricated oil. Micro- XPS and energy-disperse X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis demonstrated the presence of adsorbed h-BN tribofilm in the metallic wear track. Thin 2D sheets of h-BN nanofluid was effective as an additive for low shear resistance under the tribo stressed condition which is the main reason for significant reduction in friction coefficient. Moreover, the enhanced wear resistance of exfoliated h-BN additives was explained by low shear resistance and high compressive/tensile strength of planer sheets which restricted the mechanical damage and protected the metallic interfaces against deformation and wear.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Mechanical exfoliation of bulk 3D into 2D hexagonal boron nitride. </LI> <LI> Chemical functionalization of 2D hexagonal boron nitride during ball milling. </LI> <LI> Chemical compatibility of 2D hexagonal boron nitride with 10W30 commercial oil. </LI> <LI> High tribo-mechanical efficiency of 2D hexagonal boron nitride. </LI> <LI> High efficient 2D hexagonal boron nitride as nanolubricant modifiers in 10W30 commercial oil. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

A Study of SCEs and Analog FOMs in GS-DG-MOSFET with Lateral Asymmetric Channel Doping

Sahu, P.K.,Mohapatra, S.K.,Pradhan, K.P. The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2013 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.13 No.6

The design and analysis of analog circuit application on CMOS technology are a challenge in deep sub-micrometer process. This paper is a study on the performance value of Double Gate (DG) Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) with Gate Stack and the channel engineering Single Halo (SH), Double Halo (DH). Four different structures have been analysed keeping channel length constant. The short channel parameters and different sub-threshold analog figures of merit (FOMs) are analysed. This work extensively provides the device structures which may be applicable for high speed switching and low power consumption application.

A Study of SCEs and Analog FOMs in GS-DGMOSFET with Lateral Asymmetric Channel Doping

P. K Sahu,S. K. Mohapatra,K. P. Pradhan 대한전자공학회 2013 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.13 No.6

The design and analysis of analog circuit application on CMOS technology are a challenge in deep sub-micrometer process. This paper is a study on the performance value of Double Gate (DG) Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) with Gate Stack and the channel engineering Single Halo (SH), Double Halo (DH). Four different structures have been analysed keeping channel length constant. The short channel parameters and different sub-threshold analog figures of merit (FOMs) are analysed. This work extensively provides the device structures which may be applicable for high speed switching and low power consumption application.

Upgrading of vacuum residue in batch type reactor using Ni-Mo supported on goethite catalyst

Sahu, R.,Song, B.J.,Jeon, Y.P.,Lee, C.W. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2016 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.35 No.-

<P>It is imperative to develop an efficient catalyst to convert vacuum residue (VR) into low boiling point liquid products via an environmentally benign pathway. Ni-Mo bimetal was impregnated on goethite supports and well characterized using various analytical techniques. VR hydrocracking catalytic activities were investigated in a batch reactor. The 1%Ni-4.5%Mo/Goethite catalyst showed a high yield of low boiling point liquid products, 69.8%, with 80% VR conversion at 420 degrees C in the presence of 70 bar initial hydrogen pressure in 3 h. In these liquid products, 8.6% of naphtha, 51.4% of middle distillate, 9.8% of vacuum gas oil (VGO) with 28.1% of saturates, 62.5% of aromatics, 8.4% of resins and >1% of asphaltenes were confirmed by TGA and SARA analysis, respectively. The experimental findings indicated that the formation of low boiling point liquid products depends on physical parameters and chemical composition of the catalyst. This paper describes the synthesis of the supported catalysts, influences of the active metal composition, metal/support interaction, and process parameters for hydrocracking of VR into high value, low boiling point liquid products. (C) 2015 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>