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Okechukwu O. Ndu,Chukwuemeka S. Nworu,Chinwendu O. Ehiemere,Nichola C. Ndukwe,Izuchukwu S. Ochiogu 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.6
Decoctions of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Family Malvaceae) are very popular for the preparation of homemade refreshing drinks and are also used medicinally for a variety of ailments. Particularly remarkable are the various scientific reports supporting diuretic and antihypertensive potentials. It is therefore not unusual for patients who are on orthodox antihypertensive medications to use medicinal H. sabdariffa drinks concomitantly without regard to the possibility of herb–drug interactions. This possibility necessitated this study in which the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of H. sabdariffa extract (HSE) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), a commonly prescribed diuretic drug, were examined. The effects of concomitant administration of HSE on urine volume, urine pH, and urinary concentrations of sodium, bicarbonate, and chloride ions, as well as on the pharmacokinetic parameters of HCT, were determined in experimental rats and rabbits. Co-administration of HSE with HCT caused a significant increase in the volume of urine excreted and resulted in a decrease in the pH of urine and the concentrations of sodium, bicarbonate, and chloride ions. Co-administration of HSE (20–40 mg/kg) with HCT (10 mg/kg) increased and prolonged the plasma concentration, the mean area under the concentration–time curve, and the volume of distribution of HCT achieved over the 24-hour sampling period. The plasma clearance and the elimination rate constant of HCT decreased with increasing dose of HSE co-administered with the HCT. The results of this study reveal a possible herb–drug interaction involving HCT and HSE, used as an ingredient in medicinal or refreshing drinks in many countries.
Okechukwu Idumah Okogwu,Florence Amarachineke Elebe,Godwin Nkwuda Nwonumara 환경독성보건학회 2022 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.37 No.4
Cypermethrin and dimethoate are pesticides frequently used in agriculture to eliminate pests. Contemporaneity of these and other pesticides in commercial preparations and several aquatic ecosystems is well known, though poorly studied. This study aims to evaluate the effect of sublethal concentrations of combinations of cypermethrin and dimethoate on juvenile catfish, Clarias gariepinus, given that the pesticides concomitantly occur in the floodplains were the fish breed. Behavioral, hematological and histopathological changes in juvenile fish exposed to sublethal concentrations were monitored for 96 hours. Pesticide exposed fish exhibited abnormal behaviors such as erratic swimming, frequent air gulping, sudden jerk movement and rapid opercula movement and these were more pronounced in higher concentrations. Significant reductions in erythrocytes (0.83-20.94%), hemoglobin (4.12-29.23%) and PVC (7.14-28.57%) and increase in leucocytes (4.84-9.32%) were observed (p<0.05). Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell volume (MCV) reduced significantly in the exposed groups compared to the control. Infiltration of inflammatory cells, distortion of cell architecture, hemorrhage and necrosis were the observed histopathological damages in the heart, brain, gill, liver, kidney and fin of exposed fish. These pathological damages were more severe than previously reported for either chemical. Therefore, the use of these chemicals in agriculture should be regulated, especially near fish breeding sites.
Simeon Okechukwu Ajakwe,Vivian Ukamaka Ihekoronye,Dong-Seong Kim,Jae Min Lee 한국통신학회 2022 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.2
The security of key and critical infrastructures is crucial for uninterrupted industrial process flow needed in strategic management as these facilities are major targets of invaders. In this paper, a lightweight vision-based framework for detecting and identifying multi-drones and attached objects was proposed using a deep convolution neural network. The model is validated using 5460 drone samples from six drones and 855 attached objects samples of seven classes under different environments, scenarios (blur, scales, low illumination), and heights. The result reveals that YOLOv5s showed high multi-drone detection of 99.5% and 83.4% payload identification with less time and computational complexity better other YOLOv5 variants which makes it effective for industrial facility aerial surveillance and safety against illegal drone intrusion.
Effect of Water Adulteration on the Rheology and Antibacterial Activities of Honey
Vincent Okechukwu ANIDIOBU 한국식품보건융합학회 2022 식품보건융합연구 (KJFHC) Vol.8 No.5
Honey was diluted with different percentages of water and was analysed rheologically at room temperature of 27°C. The rheological profiles of pure and impure honey samples were measured at low shear rates (0.01-4.16s-1). This work developed a structural kinetic model, which correlated well with the rheological data. The new model was used to categorise honey samples using their average molecular weights as one of the distinctive properties. Also, the kinetics order in the new model predicts the number of active components in the "honey" undergoing deformation. Honey produced third order kinetics to depict the monomers, oligomers and water content in honey. Pure honey exhibits peculiar non-Newtonian rheological behaviour. The behaviour of water is Newtonian. Dilution of honey with different percentages of water turns the resulting fluid Newtonian from 10% dilution with water. This study analysed the antibacterial activities of honey and serially adulterated samples against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibacterial analyses of honey were conducted using Kirby Bauer's well diffusion method. The results indicated that pure honey exhibited a zone of inhibition against both organisms. Also, the diameter of the zone of inhibition decreased with increasing dilution of honey, suggesting a correlation with the rheological method.
Intelligent and Real-Time Smart Card Fraud Detection for Optimized Industrial Decision Process
Simeon Okechukwu Ajakwe,Cosmas Ifeanyi Nwakanma,Dong-Seong Kim,Jae Min Lee 한국통신학회 2021 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.6
Smart Card fraud cases are on the rise due to increased online and real-time untact transactions triggered by several cashless policies as well as the global COVID-19 pan-demic. This paper evaluates various machine learning algorithms for timely and intelligent detection and predictions of smart card frauds. The test the accuracy of the model, dataset of various frauds on smart card was used. Timely, accurate, and intelligent interception of dynamic fraud patterns is crucial to curtail loss rising from security breach. Evaluation results shows that Deep Neural Network (99.91%), Convolutional Neural Network (99.92%), Artificial Neural Network (99.93%) performed better than XGBoost (97.20%), Random Forest (96.12%), Support Vector machine (96.36%), Logistics Regression (96.34%), K-Nearest Neighbour (95.07%), and Naive Bayes (94.87%) both in accuracy and precision. The deployment this deep learning algorithm will guarantee faster smart card fraud detection, improved users’ trust in smart card technology, help in fraud curtailment, facilitate timely strategic counter response measure, as well as trigger further research on improving smart card security, amongst others.
Lightweight CNN Model for Detection of Unauthorized UAV in Military Reconnaissance Operations
Simeon Okechukwu Ajakwe,Rubina Akter,Dong-Seong Kim,Jae Min Lee 한국통신학회 2021 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.11
In any warfare, success is a function of innovative tactics and strategic deployment of limited resource. This paper develops a lightweight deep neural network that can track and disarm illegal invasion of a territory by drones using radio frequency technology. The dataset consist of RF signals generated from 17 drones at different instances and sources. The result shows that the proposed model achieved a high a prediction accuracy and sensitivity of 95% than existing CNN (80%) and DNN (75%) with low computational complexity.
Effect of Water Adulteration on the Rheology and Antibacterial Activities of Honey
ANIDIOBU, Vincent Okechukwu Korea FoodHealth Convergence Association 2022 융합경영연구 Vol.8 No.5
Honey was diluted with different percentages of water and was analysed rheologically at room temperature of 27℃. The rheological profiles of pure and impure honey samples were measured at low shear rates (0.01-4.16s<sup>-1</sup>). This work developed a structural kinetic model, which correlated well with the rheological data. The new model was used to categorise honey samples using their average molecular weights as one of the distinctive properties. Also, the kinetics order in the new model predicts the number of active components in the "honey" undergoing deformation. Honey produced third order kinetics to depict the monomers, oligomers and water content in honey. Pure honey exhibits peculiar non-Newtonian rheological behaviour. The behaviour of water is Newtonian. Dilution of honey with different percentages of water turns the resulting fluid Newtonian from 10% dilution with water. This study analysed the antibacterial activities of honey and serially adulterated samples against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibacterial analyses of honey were conducted using Kirby Bauer's well diffusion method. The results indicated that pure honey exhibited a zone of inhibition against both organisms. Also, the diameter of the zone of inhibition decreased with increasing dilution of honey, suggesting a correlation with the rheological method.