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Spermine에 의한 흰쥐 복강 비만세포의 히스타민 유리와 Camp, Cgmp 수준변동에 미치는 상백피의 효과
채옥희,양문식,이무삼 大韓免疫學會 1996 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.18 No.3
Cortex Mori(Morus alba L.), the root bark of mulberry tree, has been used as an antiphlogistic, diuretic, and expectorant in Korean herbal medicine. Previous studies demonstrated that phenolic extract of Cortex Mori has a hypotensive effect in rabbits and hot water extract of Cortex Mori has an inhibitory effects on spermine and compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation and histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells(RPMC). The purpose of this study is to determine whether Cortex Mori could affect the intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP of RPMC by spermine which has been known as activators to increase cytoplasmic Ca" concentration by stimulating transmembrane Cat+ transport and mobilizing intracellular calcium, and release histamine from RPMC ultimately. Morphological changes of RPMC by spermine alone or Cortex Mori plus spermine were observed on the inverted light microscope. Various doses of spermine(10, 5, 1, 0.5, 0.1mM) were added into RPMC suspension (106cells/ml) pretreated with or without various doses of Cortex Mori(100, 50, 10, 5, lmg/ml) at 37°C for 10 minutes. After incubation, the amount of hitamine in supernatant, intracellular cAMP, and cGMP levels of RPMC were measured by radioisotope enzymatic histamine assay, cAMP and cGMP radioimmunoassays. Results were 1) the spermine(lOmM)-induced degranulation and histamine release from RPMC pretreated with Cortex Mori were significantly inhibited, compared to those of control without Cortex Mori pretreatment, 2) the cAMP and cGMP levels of unstimulated RPMC were 17.5 ± 1.9 and 120 x 10-3± 20 pmols, respectively, 3) after the addition of the spermine, the intracellular levels of cAMP were decreased and those of cGMP were increased, 4) dose dependent fashions of cAMP and cGMP levels of RPMC were induced by increased concentrations of spermine, 5) Cortex Mori increased the cAMP levels(200.0± 11.4%) and decreased the cGMP levels (22.5±4.2%) of RPMC remarkably, compared to those of normal control, and 6) the spermine-induced cAMP levels of RPMC pretreated with Cortex Mori weresignificantly increased, compared to those of positive control without Cortex Mori pretreatment and the spermine-induced cGMP levels of RPMC pretreated with Cortex Mori were remarkably decreased, compared to those of positive control without Cortex Mori pretreatment. From the above results, it is suggested that Cortex Mori contains some substances to inhibit the spermineinduced mast cell activation so as mast cell degranulation, histamine release, and that its inhibitory effect may occure via specific mechanisms of increasing of intracellular cAMP levels or blocking of increasing of intracellular cGMP levels.
Molecular regulation of kidney development
Ok-Hee Chai,Chang-Ho Song,Sung-Kwang Park,Won Kim,Eui-Sic Cho 대한해부학회 2013 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.46 No.1
Genetically engineered mice have provided much information about gene function in the field of developmental biology. Recently, conditional gene targeting using the Cre/loxP system has been developed to control the cell type and timing of the target gene expression. The increase in number of kidney-specific Cre mice allows for the analysis of phenotypes that cannot be addressed by conventional gene targeting. The mammalian kidney is a vital organ that plays a critical homeostatic role in the regulation of body fluid composition and excretion of waste products. The interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cells are very critical events in the field of developmental biology, especially renal development. Kidney development is a complex process, requiring inductive interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cells that eventually lead to the growth and differentiation of multiple highly specialized stromal, vascular, and epithelial cell types. Through the use of genetically engineered mouse models, the molecular bases for many of the events in the developing kidney have been identified. Defective morphogenesis may result in clinical phenotypes that range from complete renal agenesis to diseases such as hypertension that exist in the setting of grossly normal kidneys. In this review, we focus on the growth and transcription factors that define kidney progenitor cell populations, initiate ureteric bud branching, induce nephron formation within the metanephric mesenchyme, and differentiate stromal and vascular progenitors in the metanephric mesenchyme.
Chai, Ok-Hee,Han, Eui-Hyeog,Lee, Hern-Ku,Song, Chang-Ho Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bion 2011 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.43 No.1
Mast cells are well recognized as key cells in allergic reactions, such as asthma and allergic airway diseases. However, the effects of mast cells and TNF-${\alpha}$ on T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine-dependent asthma are not clearly understood. Therefore, an aim of this study was to investigate the role of mast cells on Th2 cytokine-dependent airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. We used genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F1/J-$Kit^W$/$Kit^{W-v}$ ($W/W^v$), congenic normal WBB6F1/J-$Kit^+$/$Kit^+$ (+/+), and mast cell-reconstituted $W/W^v$ mouse models of allergic asthma to investigate the role of mast cells in Th2 cytokine-dependent asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA). And we investigated whether the intratracheal injection of TNF-${\alpha}$ directly induce the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in $W/W^v$ mice. This study, with OVA-sensitized and OVA-challenged mice, revealed the following typical histopathologic features of allergic diseases: increased inflammatory cells of the airway, airway hyperresponsiveness, and increased levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and vascular cellular adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1. However, the histopathologic features and levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 proteins in $W/W^v$ mice after OVA challenges were significantly inhibited. Moreover, mast cell-reconstituted $W/W^v$ mice showed restoration of histopathologic features and recovery of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 protein levels that were similar to those found in +/+ mice. Intratracheal administration of TNF-${\alpha}$ resulted in increased ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 protein levels in $W/W^v$ mice. These results suggest that mast cells play a key role in a Th2 cytokine-dependent asthma model through production of adhesion molecules, including ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, by liberation of TNF-${\alpha}$.
Right-sided aortic arch with the retroesophageal left subclavian artery as the fourth branch
Ok Hee Chai,Eui-Hyeog Han,Hyoung Tae Kim,Chang Ho Song 대한해부학회 2013 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.46 No.2
We present a rare variation of the right-sided aortic arch with the retroesophageal left subclavian artery as the forth branch found in a cadaver of an 89-year-old Korean woman during a routine dissection. In this case, the first branch that arose from the ascending aorta was the left common carotid artery, which crossed ventral to the trachea in a left cephalic direction, followed by the right common carotid artery and then the right subclavian artery. Distal to these branches the aortic arch ran dorsally, passing between the esophagus and the vertebra. The left subclavian artery arose from the descending portion of the aortic arch, crossing over to the left upper extremity behind the esophagus. This anomaly was not accompanied by congenital heart disease. Accurate information regarding this variation is of great importance to surgeons for its early identification and preservation during interventions and to radiologists for precise interpretation of angiograms.