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<i>SUZAKU</i>/WAM AND<i>RHESSI</i>OBSERVATIONS OF NON-THERMAL ELECTRONS IN SOLAR MICROFLARES
Ishikawa, Shin-nosuke,Krucker, Sä,m,Ohno, Masanori,Lin, Robert P. IOP Publishing 2013 The Astrophysical journal Vol.765 No.2
<P>We report on hard X-ray spectroscopy of solar microflares observed by the Wide-band All-sky Monitor (WAM), on board the Suzaku satellite, and by RHESSI. WAM transient data provide wide energy band (50 keV-5 MeV) spectra over a large field of view (similar to 2 pi sr) with a time resolution of 1 s. WAM is attractive as a hard X-ray solar flare monitor due to its large effective area (similar to 800 cm(2) at 100 keV, similar to 13 times larger than that of RHESSI). In particular, this makes it possible to search for high energy emission in microflares that is well below the RHESSI background. The WAM solar flare list contains six GOES B-class microflares that were simultaneously observed by RHESSI between the launch of Suzaku in 2005 July and 2010 March. At 100 keV, the detected WAM fluxes are more than similar to 20 times below the typical RHESSI instrumental background count rates. The RHESSI and WAM non-thermal spectra are in good agreement with a single power law with photon spectral indices between 3.3 and 4.5. In a second step, we also searched the RHESSI microflare list for events that should be detectable by WAM, assuming that the non-thermal power-law emission seen by RHESSI extends to >50 keV. From the 12 detectable events between 2005 July and 2007 February, 11 were indeed seen by WAM. This shows that microflares, similar to regular flares, can accelerate electrons to energies up to at least 100 keV.</P>
S. Ohno,T. Sasaki,T. Kohama 한국응용곤충학회 2007 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.10 No.3
Mass rearing the West Indian sweetpotato weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire), using artificial diets is essential for eradicating this serious sweetpotato pest by the sterile insect technique. We tested the use of the furcellaran solution (a viscous liquid, hereafter FS) as an egg-seeding agent on an artificial diet as an important step in extending small- scale rearing of this species to a mass-rearing technique. We recently detected no effect of FS on egg hatching; however, this study revealed significant adverse effects of FS on post-hatching survival and development of the species, i.e. more than 50% reduction in the survival rate and a 1.3- to 1.5-fold extension of the development period. The number of larvae remaining on the diet surface but not feeding into the diet was consistently higher in the FS-treated groups throughout the experiment period. These results suggests that FS may physically or chemically inhibit the normal feeding of larvae, leading to the observed adverse effects on survival and development of insects. The survival rate among FS-treated replicates was significantly related to variations of the diet conditions (shrunk by desiccation) that might be caused by uncontrollable environmental differences. The shrunk diets yielded two to three times more adults than those not shrunk. This implies that post-hatching survival of E. postfasciatus can be improved by drying the contents of the rearing trays after egg-seeding.
Wild host plants of four spider mite species (Acari: Tetranychidae) infesting fruit crops in Okinawa
S. Ohno,A. Miyagi,T. Gotoh,T. Ganaha-Kikumura,K. Shiromoto,K. Kijima,T. Ooishi 한국응용곤충학회 2011 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.14 No.3
To determine the wild host plants of four major spider mite species infesting fruit crops grown in the subtropical Asian region, we collected and identified mites from non-crop plants throughout the islands of Okinawa, southwestern Japan. Although the two mango pests, Oligonychus coffeae and O. biharensis, are polyphagous, they did not share any wild host species in the field, indicating that their source plants are completely separate in Okinawa. Several major wild hosts were determined for Eutetranychus africanus, a pest of papaya and citrus. Its host range partially overlapped with that of O. biharensis. The citrus red mite,Panonychus citri, was very rare on non-crop plants in Okinawa, suggesting that it maintains its population mainly on the citrus trees in the area. These results are of great significance when considering vegetation control as part of the integrated management of these pest mites. During our survey, two non-pest species,Panonychus caglei (new to Japan) and Oligonychus gotohi (new to Okinawa), were also found.
Ohno, S.,Sasaki, T.,Kohama, T. Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2007 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.10 No.3
Mass rearing the West Indian sweetpotato weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire), using artificial diets is essential for eradicating this serious sweetpotato pest by the sterile insect technique. We tested the use of the furcellaran solution (a viscous liquid, hereafter FS) as an egg-seeding agent on an artificial diet as an important step in extending small-scale rearing of this species to a mass-rearing technique. We recently detected no effect of FS on egg hatching; however, this study revealed significant adverse effects of FS on post-hatching survival and development of the species, i.e. more than 50% reduction in the survival rate and a 1.3- to 1.5-fold extension of the development period. The number of larvae remaining on the diet surface but not feeding into the diet was consistently higher in the FS-treated groups throughout the experiment period. These results suggests that FS may physically or chemically inhibit the normal feeding of larvae, leading to the observed adverse effects on survival and development of insects. The survival rate among FS-treated replicates was significantly related to variations of the diet conditions (shrunk by desiccation) that might be caused by uncontrollable environmental differences. The shrunk diets yielded two to three times more adults than those not shrunk. This implies that post-hatching survival of E. postfasciatus can be improved by drying the contents of the rearing trays after egg-seeding.
Ohno S.,Sasaki T.,Kohama T. Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2006 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.9 No.2
We compared the egg-hatching of Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire) with and without moisture treatment to test whether moisture is necessary during egg incubation when a large number of eggs are gathered into a mass. Moisture treatment exhibited significant undesirable effects on hatching (reduction of hatchability, delay of hatching, and increase of the variance of hatching date) compared to no moisture treatment. In addition, moisture treatment significantly increased the incidence of fungus on the egg surface, which can subsequently contaminate the larval artificial diet. Based on these results, we concluded that moisture is not necessary for incubating E. postfasciatus eggs. Two possible explanations for the undesirable effects of moisture on hatching were discussed: a direct effect by preventing respiration of the eggs and an indirect effect through fungal infection of the eggs.
S. Ohno,T. Sasaki,T. Kohama2 한국응용곤충학회 2006 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.9 No.2
We compared the egg-hatching of Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire) with and without moisture treatment to test whether moisture is necessary during egg incubation when a large number of eggs are gathered into a mass. Moisture treatment exhibited significant undesirable effects on hatching (reduction of hatchability, delay of hatching, and increase of the variance of hatching date) compared to no moisture treatment. In addition, moisture treatment significantly increased the incidence of fungus on the egg surface, which can subsequently contaminate the larval artificial diet. Based on these results, we concluded that moisture is not necessary for incubating E. postfasciatus eggs. Two possible explanations for the undesirable effects of moisture on hatching were discussed: a direct effect by preventing respiration of the eggs and an indirect effect through fungal infection of the eggs.
Lee, J.S.,Hur, B.Y.,Lim, S.G.,Ohno, A. 한국재료학회 1995 Fabrication and Characterization of Advanced Mater Vol.1 No.2
In order to investigate the variation of solidification structure due to the variation of heated model temperature and casting speed, the aluminum alloys which had the diameter to 6mm from 3mm and the composition of 5wt.%Si and 11.6wt.%Si have been fabricated by the horizontal continuous casting process which has a heated mold. As a result of this reasearch, the microstructures have been unidirectional structures parallel to the casting direction, and the secondary dendrite arm spacing and cell spacing decreased according as casting speed increased in all the compositions. In the eutectic composition, the dendrite structure developed in comparision with hypoeutectic composition. Also, it was confirmed that the mushy zone amplitude decreased with the increase of casting speed.