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Nano-scale current voltage characteristics of thin film solar cell with light irradiations
Masato Kawai,Tomohiro Kawakami,Tomoya Inaba,Fumitaka Ohashi,Hironori Natsuhara,Takashi Itoh,Shuichi Nonomura 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.3
Nano-scale current voltage (I–V) characteristics of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells were studied with and without light irradiations by using conductive Atomic Force Microscope (conductive-AFM). To obtain proper I–V characteristics, electrical contacts between the n-layer of the a-Si solar cells and the cantilever of the AFM were modified by depositing ZnO films with the thickness of 20 nm on the tip using DC sputterer. The I–V characteristics were changed from Schottky like to ohmic like. Surface defects and grain boundaries of the ZnO thin film possibly formed an ohmic-like current path between n-layer and the tip of the cantilever. We measured photo-current map at the bias of -2 V with a resolution of nano-meter scales. High photo-current paths appeared at nano-crystallites formed in the nc-Si:H film of the solar cell while small current area was observed at the boundaries of the small and large grains. This suggests that the boundaries have high impedance created by hydrogen passivation or act as a leakage current path for the photo-current recombination. These results imply that our proposed measurement technique using conductive-AFM combined with covering of ZnO film on the cantilever is a useful tool for the evaluation of the short path of the photo-current. In addition, these techniques contribute to increase the conversion efficiency of thin film solar cells.
Han, Myoung-Soo,Ku, Kyungbin,Kang, Hungu,Ohashi, Rina,Hayashi, Tomohiro,Hara, Masahiko,Noh, Jaegeun American Scientific Publishers 2017 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.17 No.8
<P>The surface structure and adsorption condition of self-assembled monolayers (SAM) samples before and after displacement of pre-adsorbed 1-adamantanethiol (ADT) SAMs on Au(111) by 1,6-hexanedithiol (HDT) molecules were characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). STM imaging revealed that pre-adsorbed ADT SAMs on Au(111) have fully coverage and a well-ordered phase with a (7x7) packing structure. However, the ordered phase for pre-adsorbed ADT SAMs was changed to the disordered phase via an intermediate phase consisting of two phases after displacement by HDT molecules. In addition, XPS measurements showed that the intensity of the unbound sulfur peak corresponding to a free -SH group at the outer surface of SAMs on Au(111) increases with increasing displacement time. The relative intensities of the unbound sulfur with respect to the bound sulfur were calculated to be 0.076, 0.147, and 1.095 for displaced SAM samples obtained after displacement of 3 min, 2 h, and 24 h, respectively. This provides strong evidence for the formation of a standing-up phase of HDT SAMs via the displacement process. Our results will provide new insight into controlling the adsorption geometry of alkanedithiol SAMs on Au(111).</P>
Bin, Bum-Ho,Hojyo, Shintaro,Hosaka, Toshiaki,Bhin, Jinhyuk,Kano, Hiroki,Miyai, Tomohiro,Ikeda, Mariko,Kimura-Someya, Tomomi,Shirouzu, Mikako,Cho, Eun-Gyung,Fukue, Kazuhisa,Kambe, Taiho,Ohashi, Wakana BlackWell Publishing Ltd 2014 EMBO molecular medicine Vol.6 No.8
<P>The zinc transporter protein ZIP13 plays critical roles in bone, tooth, and connective tissue development, and its dysfunction is responsible for the spondylocheirodysplastic form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (SCD-EDS, OMIM 612350). Here, we report the molecular pathogenic mechanism of SCD-EDS caused by two different mutant ZIP13 proteins found in human patients: ZIP13<SUP>G64D</SUP>, in which Gly at amino acid position 64 is replaced by Asp, and ZIP13<SUP>ΔFLA</SUP>, which contains a deletion of Phe-Leu-Ala. We demonstrated that both the ZIP13<SUP>G64D</SUP> and ZIP13<SUP>ΔFLA</SUP> protein levels are decreased by degradation via the valosin-containing protein (VCP)-linked ubiquitin proteasome pathway. The inhibition of degradation pathways rescued the protein expression levels, resulting in improved intracellular Zn homeostasis. Our findings uncover the pathogenic mechanisms elicited by mutant ZIP13 proteins. Further elucidation of these degradation processes may lead to novel therapeutic targets for SCD-EDS.</P>