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Dimethylsulfide and Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Production in the Antarctic Pelagic Food Web
Kasamatsu, Nobue,Odate, Tsuneo,Fukuchi, Mitsuo Korea Institute of Ocean ScienceTechnology 2005 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.27 No.2
Dimethylsulfide (DMS) is the most abundant form of volatile sulfurs in the ocean. Many biogeochemical studies have been conducted in the past several decades to unveil the processes driving the production, transformation and removal of DMS. They have shown that the Southern Ocean is an area with one of the highest levels of DMS concentrations during the austral summer in the global oceans. It has recently been observed that Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, produces DMS and dissolved dimethyl-sulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in its gazing process. Copepods also produce DMS, and the potential production rates of DMS in the Southern Ocean by krill and copepods are estimated to be as much as $21{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$ and $0.6{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$, respectively. These production rates of zooplankton and the presence of phytoplanktot which have high DMSP contents in their cells, might facilitate in situ DMS production in the Southern Ocean.
Ahmad Almigdad,Mazen Odat,Ghandi Almanasir,Noor Megdadi,Sulieman Sharadgeh 대한수부외과학회 2023 대한수부외과학회지 Vol.28 No.1
Purpose: This study aimed to correlate the severity of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in terms of the clinical picture with electrophysiological studies to determine whether the severity could be predicted through one measure based on correlations with another. Methods: This cross-sectional correlational study enrolled 96 patients (139 hands) whose nerve conduction studies (NCS) confirmed the diagnosis of CTS, and to whom the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) was administered to determine the subjective and clinical CTS severity. The severity of both measures was correlated. Results: The patients’ mean age was 49.84±12.23 years. Most (67.7%) were female. The NCS severity grades were as follows: mild, 46%; moderate, 32.4; severe, 9.4%; and very severe, 12.2%. The sensory and motor NCS parameters were significantly correlated with the BCTQ severity. The patients’ overall mean scores for symptom severity had substantive predictive accuracy for the patients’ CTS severity measured with the NCS. Similarly, most of the functional severity score items had significant predictive accuracy for the patients’ NCS-based carpal tunnel severity score. Conclusion: The clinical severity of CTS was strongly correlated with the severity based on nerve conduction. This correlation was more notable for symptom severity scores than for functional status scores. Night pain and numbness demonstrated the strongest associations of all BCTQ items with the NCS. Although clinical severity (based on the BCTQ) predicts the nerve conduction severity, we still recommend performing NCS for patients with a clinical diagnosis of CTS as a confirmatory objective measure and for medico-legal reasons.
Dimethylsulfide and Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Production in the Antarctic Pelagic Food Web
Nobue Kasamatsu,Tsuneo Odate,Mitsuo Fukuchi 한국해양과학기술원 2005 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.27 No.2
Dimethylsulfide (DMS) is the most abundant form of volatile sulfurs in the ocean. Many biogeochemical studies have been conducted in the past several decades to unveil the processes driving the production, transformation and removal of DMS. They have shown that the Southern Ocean is an area with one of the highest levels of DMS concentrations during the austral summer in the global oceans. It has recently been observed that Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, produces DMS and dissolved dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in its grazing process. Copepods also produce DMS, and the potential production rates of DMS in the Southern Ocean by krill and copepods are estimated to be as much as 21 mmol m-2 d-1 and 0.6 mmol m-2 d-1, respectively. These production rates of zooplankton and the presence of phytoplankton, which have high DMSP contents in their cells, might facilitate in situ DMS production in the Southern Ocean.
Jaradat A. Q,Shtayat A. R.,Sana’a Odat 대한환경공학회 2022 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.27 No.3
A sequential treatment consisting of coagulation/flocculation followed by transport column experiment was adopted and used in this work for the treatment of landfill leachate containing phenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Coagulation experiment was performed in a standard jar test apparatus using alum as coagulant material. In column experiments, natural eggshell material was used as filter media after calcinations at 750℃ either separately or combined with granular activated carbon (GAC). Alum addition at a predetermined optimum dose (3.5 g/L) caused a reduction in total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phenols, and total (PAHs) by 82%, 32%, 24%, and 34% respectively. Specific PAHs analysis revealed higher binding affinity of more hydrophobic PAHs toward particles with 50% reduction than those of less hydrophobic PAHs with only 6% reduction. The results obtained from the transport column experiments indicate that calcined eggshell (ESC) particularly when applied as a mixture with GAC can be used as promising adsorbent for both phenols and PAHs. 95% of phenols and PAHs were removed during the first 1,500 pore volumes (PV) of column operation while > 80% were obtained at the end of the experiment (3,500 PV).