Suppression of β-catenin and Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression and Cell Proliferation in Azoxymethane-Induced Colonic Cancer in Rats by Rice Bran Phytic Acid (PA)

Saad, Norazalina,Esa, Norhaizan Mohd,Ithnin, Hairuszah Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.5

Background: Phytic acid (PA) is a polyphosphorylated carbohydrate that can be found in high amounts in most cereals, legumes, nut oil, seeds and soy beans. It has been suggested to play a significant role in inhibition of colorectal cancer. This study was conducted to investigate expression changes of ${\beta}$-catenin and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cell proliferation in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence after treatment with rice bran PA by immunocytochemistry. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 equal groups with 12 rats in each group. For cancer induction two intraperitoneal injections of azoxymethane (AOM) were given at 15 mg/kg bodyweight over a 2-weeks period. During the post initiation phase, two different concentrations of PA, 0.2% (w/v) and 0.5% (w/v) were administered in the diet. Results: Results of ${\beta}$-catenin, COX-2 expressions and cell proliferation of Ki-67 showed a significant contribution in colonic cancer progression. For ${\beta}$-catenin and COX-2 expression, there was a significant difference between groups at p<0.05. With Ki-67, there was a statistically significant lowering the proliferating index as compared to AOM alone (p<0.05). A significant positive correlation (p=0.01) was noted between COX-2 expression and proliferation. Total ${\beta}$-catenin also demonstrated a significant positive linear relationship with total COX-2 (p=0.044). Conclusions: This study indicated potential value of PA extracted from rice bran in reducing colonic cancer risk in rats.

Oxidative Stress, Diet and Prostate Cancer

Tan Bee Ling,Norhaizan Mohd Esa 대한남성과학회 2021 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.39 No.2

Prostate cancer has become the second leading cancer in men worldwide. Androgen plays an important role in normal functioning, development, and differentiation of the prostate, and thus is considered to be the most powerful candidate that mediates reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance in the prostate. The elevation of ROS has been associated with the progression and development of this disease. Conventional therapy has shown a high cure rate in patients with localized prostate cancer. Despite the patients respond favorably initially, this therapy fails to response in the advanced stage of the diseases even in the absence of androgens. Indeed, the onset and progression of prostate cancer could be prevented by changing dietary habits. Much information indicates that oxidative stress and prostate cancer can be modulated by dietary components rich in antioxidants. While there is substantial evidence to suggest an association between prostate cancer risk and ROS-mediated oxidative stress; therefore, the interactions and mechanisms of this phenomenon are worth to discuss further. This review aimed to discuss the mechanisms of action of oxidative stress involved in the progression of prostate cancer. We also highlighted how some of the vital dietary components dampen or exacerbate inflammation, oxidative stress, and prostate cancer. Overall, the reported information would provide a useful approach to the prevention of prostate cancer.

Luteolin, a Bioflavonoid Inhibits Colorectal Cancer through Modulation of Multiple Signaling Pathways: A Review

Pandurangan, Ashok Kumar,Esa, Norhaizan Mohd Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.14

Luteolin, 3', 4', 5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone, belongs to a group of naturally occurring compounds called flavonoids that are found widely in the plant kingdom. It possesses many beneficial properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic and anti-proliferative actions. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Many signaling pathways are deregulated during the progression of colon cancer. In this review we aimed to analyze the protection offered by luteolin on colon cancer. During colon cancer genesis, luteolin known to reduce oxidative stress thereby protects the cell to undergo damage in vivo. Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin signaling, deregulated during neoplastic development, is modified by luteolin. Hence, luteolin can be considered as a potential drug to treat CRC.

Dietary Non-nutritive Factors in Targeting of Regulatory Molecules in Colorectal Cancer: An Update

Pandurangan, Ashok Kumar,Esa, Norhaizan Mohd Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.10

Colorectal cancer (CRC), a complex multi-step process involving progressive disruption of homeostatic mechanisms controlling intestinal epithelial proliferation/inflammation, differentiation, and programmed cell death, is the third most common malignant neoplasm worldwide. A number of promising targets such as inducible nitric acid (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), $Wnt/{\beta}$-catenin, Notch and apoptotic signaling have been identified by researchers as useful targets to prevent or therapeutically inhibit colon cancer development. In this review article, we aimed to explore the current targets available to eliminate colon cancer with an update of dietary and non-nutritional compounds that could be of potential use for interaction with regulatory molecules to prevent CRC.

Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 - A Promising Target in Colitis-Associated Cancer

Pandurangan, Ashok Kumar,Esa, Norhaizan Mohd Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.2

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and fourth most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Untreated chronic inflammation in the intestine ranks among the top three high-risk conditions for colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) protein is a member of the STAT family of transcription factors often deregulated in CRC. In this review, we try to emphasize the critical role of STAT3 in CAC as well as the crosstalk of STAT3 with inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor (NF)-${\kappa}B$, PI3K/Akt, Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), Notch, $Wnt/{\beta}$-catenin and microRNA (MiR) pathways. STAT3 is considered as a primary drug target to treat CAC in humans and rodents. Also we updated the findings for inhibitors of STAT3 with regard to effects on tumorigenesis. This review will hopefully provide insights on the use of STAT3 as a therapeutic target in CAC.

Subacute Oral Toxicity Assesment of Ethanol Extract of Mariposa christia vespertilionis Leaves in Male Sprague Dawley Rats

Nurul, Syahirah Ahmad Sayuti,Hazilawati, Hamzah,Mohd, Rosly Shaari,Mohd, Farhan Hanif Reduan,Noordin, Mohamed Mustapha,Norhaizan, Md Esa Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2018 Toxicological Research Vol.34 No.2

The term Butterfly tea refers to decoction of Mariposa christia vespertilionis leaves which is widely consumed by cancer patients throughout Malaysia and has gained a huge popularity among Malaysians, not only cancer patients but also researchers to discover the real potential of this plant. Herein, the study is aimed at evaluating the possible toxicity in 28-day subacute oral toxicity of ethanolic extract M. christia vespertilionis in male Sprague Dawley rats. The 28-day subacute toxicity study was conducted to detect the no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). In this study, a total of 30 rats were divided into the control, 5% DMSO (vehicle), low dose (75 mg/kg), medium dose (125 mg/kg) and high dose (250 mg/kg) groups. The extract was administered daily from day 1 until day 28. At the end of the study, the animals were humanely sacrificed and assessed for the effect extract of Mariposa christia vespertilionis leaves on body weight and relative organ weights and haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters. The haematological and serum biochemical parameters for the assessment of kidney and liver injuries were carried out. Results of haematological and serum biochemistry results showed no changes in the control and treated groups. In the histopathology, evaluation of kidney tissues in all treated groups showed no significant (p > 0.05) lesions. In contrast to kidney, liver tissues showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in lesions observed in low dose (430 mg), medium dose (700 mg) and high dose (1480 mg) groups with very mild, mild and mild to moderate lesion of hepatic necrosis, in the respective groups, and very mild hepatic degeneration and hepatitis were scored in all three groups.

In silico Analysis of Natural Compounds as Modulators of Type I Collagen

Narayanaswamy, Radhakrishnan,Wai, Lam Kok,Esa, Norhaizan Mohd,Ismail, Intan Safinar The Basic Science Institute Chosun University 2016 조선자연과학논문집 Vol.9 No.3

Collagen plays a vital role in the maintenance of structure and function of a human body. It has been widely applied in various fields including biomedical, cosmeceutical, food, pharmaceutical and tissue engineering. In the present study, the docking behaviour of type I collagen with 15 different ligands namely hydroxymethylfurfural, methylglyoxal, methylsyringate, O-methoxyacetophenone, 3-phenyllactic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, kojic acid, lumichrome, galangin, artoindonesianin F, caffeic acid, 4-coumaric acid, origanol A, thymoquinone and quercetin was evaluated along with their putative binding sites using Discovery Studio Version 3.1. Docking studies and binding free energy calculations revealed that origanol A has maximum interaction energy (-40.48 kcal/mol) and quercetin with the least interaction energy (-15.44 kcal/mol) as compared to the other investigated ligands. Three ligands which are galangin, methylsyringate and origanol A were shown to interact with Asp21 amino acid residue of chain B (type I collagen). Therefore, it is strongly suggested that the outcomes from the present study might provide new insight in understanding these 15 ligands as potential type I collagen modulators for the prevention of collagen associate disorders.

In silico Analysis of Natural Compounds as Modulators of Type I Collagen

Radhakrishnan Narayanaswamy, Lam Kok Wai, Norhaizan Mohd Esa, Intan Safinar Ismail 조선대학교 기초과학연구원 2016 조선자연과학논문집 Vol.9 No.3

Collagen plays a vital role in the maintenance of structure and function of a human body. It has been widely applied in various fields including biomedical, cosmeceutical, food, pharmaceutical and tissue engineering. In the present study, the docking behaviour of type I collagen with 15 different ligands namely hydroxymethylfurfural, methylglyoxal, methylsyringate, O-methoxyacetophenone, 3-phenyllactic acid, 4- hydroxybenzoic acid, kojic acid, lumichrome, galangin, artoindonesianin F, caffeic acid, 4-coumaric acid, origanol A, thymoquinone and quercetin was evaluated along with their putative binding sites using Discovery Studio Version 3.1. Docking studies and binding free energy calculations revealed that origanol A has maximum interaction energy (-40.48 kcal/mol) and quercetin with the least interaction energy (-15.44 kcal/mol) as compared to the other investigated ligands. Three ligands which are galangin, methylsyringate and origanol A were shown to interact with Asp21 amino acid residue of chain B (type I collagen). Therefore, it is strongly suggested that the outcomes from the present study might provide new insight in understanding these 15 ligands as potential type I collagen modulators for the prevention of collagen associate disorders

In silico Analysis of Natural Compounds as Modulators of Type I Collagen

Radhakrishnan Narayanaswamy,Lam Kok Wai,Norhaizan Mohd Esa,Intan Safinar Ismail 조선대학교 기초과학연구원 2016 조선자연과학논문집 Vol.9 No.3

Health Promoting Properties of Protein Hydrolysates Produced from Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Kernel

Sui Kiat Chang,Hiroshi Hamajima,Amin Ismail,Teruyoshi Yanagita,Norhaizan Mohd. Esa,Mohamad Taufik Hidayat Baharuldin 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.4

This study aimed to determine the lipid-loweringproperties, antioxidant capacity (AC) and angiotensin-Iconverting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity of oil palmkernel protein hydrolysates (OPKHs) that were producedusing protease and pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysis. Theeffects of the OPKHs on apolipoprotein B (apoB) secretionwas assessed using HepG2 cells as a model and the AC ofthe OPKHs was determined based on ABTS radicalscavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP). Both protease and pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysatesreduced apoB secretion significantly (p<0.05). The OPKHsscavenged ABTS radicals effectively and demonstrated ahigh reducing power even at a low concentration (1 mg/mL). The AC of the OPKHs was significantly correlatedwith the OPKHs protein content. However, the OPKHsdemonstrated very low ACE-inhibitory activity. The pepsinpancreatinhydrolysate demonstrated significant lipidloweringproperties, favourable AC and ACE inhibitoryactivity in compared to protease hydrolysate. Therefore,OPKH demonstrate the potential as a nutraceutical forfunctional foods.