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Noorazeela Zainol ABIDIN,Nurliyana Mohd BASRI,Intan Maizura Abd RASHID,Nor Fatimah Che SULAIMAN 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.12
Variation in demand, natural resource availability, and technological advancement within a country are the main reasons for necessitating export and import activities between nations. Accordingly, this paper aims to analyze the effect of economic openness on Multifactor Productivity (MFP) in selected Asian countries (Vietnam, Thailand, The Philippines, Indonesia, Cambodia, China, Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, and Singapore) based on data for the period 1990–2018. The analysis conducted in the study employed the panel ARDL approach based on the estimation by Pooled Mean Group (PMG), Mean Group (MG), and Dynamic Fixed Effect (DFE). The Hausman test conducted indicates that the PMG estimation is better than that of MG and DFE since it has a higher variability value than the significance value. The results revealed that economic openness is able to elicit significant and positive effects on short-term and longterm MFP growth. In addition, the study established that other variable, such as the number of schooling years, are also able to produce a positive and significant effect on MFP growth in the long term. Since economic openness can impact MFP growth, every country should thus increase its export activities through more capital and worker inputs that will stimulate greater production.
Noorazeela Zainol ABIDIN,Zulkefly Abdul KARIM,Mohd Shahidan SHAARI,Nisful LAILA 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.10
This study investigates the effects of FDI and other macroeconomic variables on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in selected ASEAN+3 countries from 1981 till 2016. Total Factor Productivity (TFP) for each ASEAN+3 country was constructed using the Malmquist productivity index method. Then, a panel ARDL framework (dynamic heterogeneous panel), namely Pooled Mean Group (PMG), Mean Group (MG), and Dynamic Fixed Effect (DFE) are employed in examining the effects of FDI and other controlling variables on TFP. The new findings show that FDI has a significant and positive impact on TFP in the long run and the short run in ASEAN+3 countries. Besides, the results also reveal that in the long run, other variables such as the average number of years of schooling and the ratio of high-skilled to low-skilled labor also have a significant and positive effect on TFP. However, economic openness, government expenditure on R&D, and interaction between countries and FDI have a negative and significant impact on TFP. These findings implied that the recipient countries must ensure their political stability and offer various incentives to attract more investors. Furthermore, the influx of foreign investors, especially large ones and lower costs, should be encouraged by each country as FDI inflows can boost their TFP growth.
The Relationships between CO2 Emissions, Economic Growth and Life Expectancy
Uma MURTHY,Mohd Shahidan SHAARI,Paul Anthony MARIADAS,Noorazeela Zainol ABIDIN 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.2
The issue of the relationship between environmental degradation and human health has been widely addressed by medical doctors. However, economists have sparsely debated it. The release of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) into the air can cause several environmental problems and, thus, it can affect human health. Therefore, it is imperative to examine the effect of CO2 emissions on life expectancy in the D-8 countries (Malaysia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Egypt, Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey) from 1992 to 2017. The panel ARDL method is employed and, then, the PMG estimator is selected. The results show that economic growth, population growth and health expenditure can significantly and positively affect life expectancy, but CO2 emissions can have a significant and negative effect on life expectancy. Since, the major findings reveal that life expectancy can be explained by CO2 emissions. Hence, it is important to formulate policies on reducing CO2 emissions so that life expectancy will not be affected. Energy diversification policies should be formulated or improved in some countries. This is to ensure that the countries are not highly dependent on non-renewable energy that can harm the environment. The government should increase its expenditure on the health sector to save more lives by extend human lifespan.
The Relationships between CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions, Economic Growth and Life Expectancy
MURTHY, Uma,SHAARI, Mohd Shahidan,MARIADAS, Paul Anthony,ABIDIN, Noorazeela Zainol Korea Distribution Science Association 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.2
The issue of the relationship between environmental degradation and human health has been widely addressed by medical doctors. However, economists have sparsely debated it. The release of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the air can cause several environmental problems and, thus, it can affect human health. Therefore, it is imperative to examine the effect of CO2 emissions on life expectancy in the D-8 countries (Malaysia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Egypt, Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey) from 1992 to 2017. The panel ARDL method is employed and, then, the PMG estimator is selected. The results show that economic growth, population growth and health expenditure can significantly and positively affect life expectancy, but CO2 emissions can have a significant and negative effect on life expectancy. Since, the major findings reveal that life expectancy can be explained by CO2 emissions. Hence, it is important to formulate policies on reducing CO2 emissions so that life expectancy will not be affected. Energy diversification policies should be formulated or improved in some countries. This is to ensure that the countries are not highly dependent on non-renewable energy that can harm the environment. The government should increase its expenditure on the health sector to save more lives by extend human lifespan.