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RISS 인기검색어
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- 저자 : Nathan White (검색결과 3 건)
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박원희(Won-Hee Park),Nathan White,Alex Webb 대한기계학회 2008 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2008 No.5
This paper introduces a large-scale fire test for interior materials from a vehicle installed within an ISO 9705 fire test room in Australia. The objectives of this test are to assess the fire performance in terms of ignition and flame spread on interior lining materials and provide data on an enclosure fires involving train interior materials that grow to flashover. This data will be used to develop The tests were performed essentially in accordance with ISO 9705-1993 except that the specimen's size and layout was representative of a rail vehicle and the heat release rate (HRR) of ignition source (gas burner) was increased in several controlled steps.
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PolySTAT-modified chitosan gauzes for improved hemostasis in external hemorrhage
Chan, Leslie W.,Kim, Chae Hwa,Wang, Xu,Pun, Suzie H.,White, Nathan J.,Kim, Tae Hee Elsevier 2016 ACTA BIOMATERIALIA Vol.31 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Positively-charged chitosan gauzes stop bleeding from wounds by electrostatically interacting with negatively-charged cell membranes of erythrocytes to cause erythrocyte agglutination and by sealing wounds through tissue adhesion. In the following work, nonwoven chitosan gauze was impregnated with PolySTAT, a synthetic polymer that enhances coagulation by cross-linking fibrin, to generate PolySTAT/chitosan gauzes with improved hemostatic efficacy. When comparing nonwoven chitosan and PolySTAT/chitosan to a commercially-available chitosan-containing gauze (Celox® Rapid), no appreciable differences were observed in fiber size, morphology, and pore size. However, PolySTAT/chitosan demonstrated more rapid blood absorption compared to Celox® Rapid. In a rat model of femoral artery injury, PolySTAT/chitosan gauzes reduced blood loss and improved survival rate compared to non-hemostatic controls and Celox® Rapid. While Celox® Rapid had stronger adherence to tissues compared to PolySTAT/chitosan gauzes, blood loss was greater due to hematoma formation under the Celox® dressing. Animals treated with PolySTAT/chitosan gauzes required less saline infusion to restore and maintain blood pressure above the target blood pressure (60mmHg) while other treatment groups required more saline due to continued bleeding from the wound. These results suggest that PolySTAT/chitosan gauzes are able to improve blood clotting and withstand increasing arterial pressure with the addition of a fibrin cross-linking hemostatic mechanism.</P> <P><B>Statement of significance</B></P> <P>Blood loss remains one of the leading causes of death after traumatic injury in civilian populations and on the battlefield. Advanced biomaterials that interact with blood components and/or accelerate the clotting process to form a hemostatic plug are necessary to staunch bleeding after injury. Chitosan-based gauzes, which stop bleeding by causing red blood cell aggregation, are currently used on the battlefield and have shown variable performance under high pressure arterial blood flow in animal studies, suggesting that red blood cell aggregates require further mechanical stabilization for more reliable performance. In this work, we investigate the binding and cross-linking of fibrin, a major component in blood clots, on chitosan gauze fiber surfaces to structurally reinforce red blood cell aggregates.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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