Terrestrial n-alkanes and their carbon isotope records from the Hanon paleo-maar sediment, Jeju Island, Korea: Implications for paleoclimate and paleovegetation over the last 35 kyrs

Hyun, S.,Shin, K.H.,Lee, S.C.,Chang, S.W.,Nam, S.I. Pergamon Press 2017 QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL Vol.441 No.1

<P>The carbon isotope of total carbon (delta C-13(org)), long-chain n-alkanes, and their compound-specific carbon isotope ratios (delta C-13(ALK)) were investigated in the Hanon paleo-maar sediment, Jeju Island of Korea to understand paleoclimate variabilities and their paleovegetation linkages. Based on the organic geochemical data (TOC (%), TN (%), and their delta C-13(org) and delta N-15), the core column stratigraphy was divided into three units, namely from the bottom to 14.5 ka (Unit I), from 14.5 ka to 3.01<a (Unit II), and from 3.0 ka to the core top (Unit III), respectively. In particular, delta C-13(org) showed marked fluctuation from -17.31%o to -28.68%o, suggesting different organic carbon sources. A relatively narrow range of variation in delta C-13(org) was observed in Unit III, and drastic changes in delta C-13(org) were observed from Unit I to Unit II. This may indicate a predominance of C-4 plants in Unit I, and drastic changes from terrestrial C-4 to C-3 in Unit II and predominance of C-3 plants in Unit III. The distributions of n-alkane were characterized by a continuous predominance of odd-numbered n-alkanes, particularly nC(29) and nC(31), and by high fluctuation of the total n-alkanes concentration. The average chain length (ACL), carbon preferences index (CPI), and paleoplant proxy (Paq) showed high fluctuation and glacial-interglacial variations with distinctive a high and low ratio at about 9.2 ka, corresponding to the switching points of delta C-13(org) and a high concentration of nalkane distribution. Individual n-alkane odd-numbered isotopes of delta C-13(Auc) ranged between -11.80%o in delta C-13n(21) and -34.93%o in delta C-13n(31), suggesting different sources of n-alkanes. The distribution of n-alkanes and their individual delta C-13(Auc), in particular delta C-13n(21), support paleovegetation changes, and their time dependent variations matched well with glacial-interglacial paleoclimate variations. Therefore, organic geochemical proxies recorded in Hanon paleo-maar sediment reflects paleoclimate variabilities as well as paleovegetation changes for the last 35 kyr in Jeju Island, Korea. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.</P>

제주재래돼지와 듀록 참조축군에서 Melanocortin 4 Receptor (MC4R) 유전자형과 지방산 조성간의 관련성 분석

강용준(Yong-Jun Kang),김상금(Sang-Geum Kim),김수연(Su-Yeon Kim),신문철(Moon-Cheol Shin),우제훈(Jae-Hoon Woo),김남영(Nam-Young Kim),신상민(Sang-Min Shin),최재영(Jae-Young Choi),유지현(Ji-Hyun Yoo),박남건(Nam-Geon Park),양병철(Byoung-C 한국생명과학회 2020 생명과학회지 Vol.30 No.1

본 연구에서는 제주재래돼지와 듀록 품종 사이에서 생산된 F₂ 참조축군에서 melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R) 유전자형과 지방산 조성간의 관련성을 연구하였다. 전체 290 여두의 F₂ 자손을 이용하여 14개의 지방산 조성을 측정하였다. Taq Ⅰ PCR-RFLP 방법을 이용하여 MC4R c.1426A>G (p.Asp298Asn)의 단일염기다형성(single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP)을 확인하였다. MC4R 세 가지 유전자형(AA, AB, BB)이 모두 발견되었고, 그 빈도는 각각 0.299, 0.542, 0.159로 확인되었다. AA 유전자형을 가진 개체에서 palmitic acid (C16:0, p<0.05), stearic acid (C18:0, p<0.01), eicosenoic acid (C20:1n9, p<0.05), saturated fatty acid (SFA, p<0.01) 함량이 GG 유전자형을 가진 개체보다 더 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 반면에 GG 유전자형을 가진 개체는 linoleic acid (C18:2n6, p<0.001), linolenic acid (C18:3n3, p<0.001), linolenic acid (C18:3n6, p<0.001), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6, p<0.001)과 같은 불포화지방산(unsaturated fatty acid) 함량이 AA 유전자형을 가진 개체보다 더 높은 것을 확인하였다. 제주재래돼지와 듀록 품종 사이에서 생산된 F₂ 참조축군에서 MC4R GG 유전자형이 포화지방산은 낮추고, 불포화지방산은 높이는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과 MC4R의 유전적 다형성이 듀록과 제주재래돼지 교배 프로그램에서 육질향상과, 고기내의 지방산 함량을 조절할 수 있는 유전적 표지 인자로 활용될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다. This study was conducted to examine association between melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R) genotypes and fatty acid (FA) composition in an F₂ intercross between Duroc and Jeju (South Korea) Native pigs (JNP). Fourteen FA composition traits were measured in more than 290 F₂ progeny population produced between Duroc and JNP. All experimental pigs were successfully genotyped for the MC4R c.1426A>G (p.Asp298Asn) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) by using Taq Ⅰ PCR-RFLP methods. We detected three MC4R genotypes, AA, AG, and GG with 0.299, 0.542, and 0.159 genotype frequencies, respectively. The MC4R AA genotype animals showed higher levels in palmitic acid (C16:0, p<0.05), stearic acid (C18:0, p<0.01), eicosenoic acid (C20:1n9, p<0.05), saturated fatty acid (SFA, p<0.01) than GG homozygotes, respectively. Whereas MC4R GG genotype showed higher values in linoleic acid (C18:2n6, p<0.001), linolenic acid (C18:3n3, p<0.001), linolenic acid (C18:3n6, p<0.001), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6, p<0.001) and unsaturated fatty acid (USFA, p<0.01) than AA pigs, respectively. The MC4R GG genotype was associated with increasing USFA and decreasing SFA in the F₂ progeny population produced between Duroc and JNP. Our finding suggests that the MC4R polymorphisms can be used as a valuable genetic marker for Duroc and JNP breeding programs to improve meat quality and to control FA compositions.

A C-type lectin like-domain (CTLD)-containing protein (PtLP) from the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus

Kong, H.J.,Park, E.M.,Nam, B.H.,Kim, Y.O.,Kim, W.J.,Park, H.J.,Lee, C.H.,Lee, S.J. Academic Press 2008 FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY Vol.25 No.3

C-type lectins play important roles in the non-self innate immune system of invertebrates. In this study, we isolated the full-length cDNA of the C-type lectin like-domain (CTLD)-containing protein, designated PtLP, from the hepatopancreas of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus, one of the most common edible crabs of East Asia. The PtLP cDNA consists of 923bp and encodes a polypeptide of 164 amino acids containing a well-conserved C-type lectin like-domain (CTLD). The deduced amino acid sequence of PtLP shows 29-36% amino acid sequence identity to other crustacean C-type lectin sequences. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that PtLP is in a large cluster together with black tiger shrimp PmAV, a gene involved in virus resistance of shrimp, and all of the C-type lectins from the various shrimps. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the PtLP mRNA was expressed highly in hepatopancreas and moderately in gills, hemocytes, and ovary of normal swimming crabs.

Study on Safety and Reliability of ETOPS using Aircraft Operation Simulation

Nam, K. W.,Kim, C. Y. 한국항공운항학회 1996 한국항공운항학회지 Vol.4 No.1

A methodology has been developed for predicting aircraft reliability incorporating both C.C.F.s(Comrnon-Cause Failures), and Phased missions. Failure behaviour of an aircraft or it s systems are predicted. Both independent failures, and C.C.E.s are modelled by the Markov process, and simulated using Monte Carlo sampling with the robust variance reduction method. Prediction of safety and reliability is made through discrete-event simulation of aircraft operations. A case study is described for investigating the safety and reliability of the propulsion system of two-, three- and four-engined aircraft. This IS particularly important for the design of ETOPS(Extended Range of Two-Engined Aircraft Operations) and results are presented for the cases with, and without the effect of C.C.F.s

Fabrication of tin-cobalt/carbon composite electrodes by electrodeposition using cationic surfactant for lithium-ion batteries

Lee, C. L.,Nam, D. H.,Eom, J. Y.,Kwon, H. S. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.12 No.5

<P>Sn-Co alloy and Sn-Co/C composite are fabricated on the nodule-type Cu substrate by co-electrodeposition process using the pulse current in the pyrophosphate bath, and then their cycling performances are examined. To modify the surface property of carbon (acetylene black) particles and improve the dispersion of agglomerated carbon particles, CTAB (Cetrimonium bromide (C16H33)N(CH3)(3)Br) as a cationic surfactant is added into the electrodeposition bath.10.1007/s13391-016-6077-2 By addition of the CTAB, the amount of the carbon content in the Sn-Co/C composite is increased, and also the carbon particles are uniformly distributed in the Sn-Co electrodeposit. The Sn0.6Co0.4 alloy and (Sn0.6Co0.4)(0.71)/C-0.29 composite are obtained after annealing as the final products. The (Sn0.6Co0.4)(0.71)/C-0.29 composite anode exhibits better the capacity retention than the Sn0.6Co0.4 alloy anode due primarily to the role of the well-dispersed carbon particles as the second buffer phase and electrical conductive path in the Sn-Co/C composite during cycling.</P>

Effects of chitosan coating and storage with dry ice on the freshness and quality of eggs.

Jo, C,Ahn, D U,Liu, X D,Kim, K H,Nam, K-C Poultry Science Association, etc 2011 Poultry science Vol.90 No.2

<P>To develop a method that can maintain egg freshness during practical storage conditions, eggs were coated with chitosan and stored with or without dry ice. The physicochemical and microbiological qualities of eggs were evaluated during 14 d of storage at 4 and 23°C without dry ice and at 23°C with dry ice. The combination of chitosan coating and dry ice significantly inhibited a Haugh unit decrease during storage at 23°C. No difference in functional properties, such as foaming ability, foam stability, and viscosity, among treatments was observed, but chitosan coating and storage with dry ice decreased the rate of pH increase and moisture loss in albumen at d 7 and 14. The eggs treated with chitosan coating and storage with dry ice had a significantly lower number of Salmonella Typhimurium inoculated on the egg surface than did control eggs during storage at 23°C. Results revealed that the combination of chitosan coating and storage with dry ice limited the moisture loss, CO(2) emission, and pH increase, which helped maintaining the freshness of eggs. Microbial growth was also inhibited during storage at 23°C.</P>

Carbide/binder interfaces in Ti(CN)-(Ti,W)C/(Ti,W)(CN)-based cermets

Park, C.,Nam, S.,Kang, S. Elsevier Sequoia 2016 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.657 No.-

Partially solutionized carbide cermets (PSCs) were prepared for cutting tool applications by replacing a portion of Ti(CN) with (Ti<SUB>0.88</SUB>W<SUB>0.12</SUB>)C or (Ti<SUB>0.88</SUB>W<SUB>0.12</SUB>)(C<SUB>0.7</SUB>N<SUB>0.3</SUB>) in a conventional Ti(CN)-based cermet. The PSC containing (Ti<SUB>0.88</SUB>W<SUB>0.12</SUB>)C exhibited high fracture toughness with no loss of hardness. The elimination of Ti(C<SUB>0.7</SUB>N<SUB>0.3</SUB>) cores in the microstructure reduced the strain at the core/rim interfaces, leading to the increase in fracture toughness. The PSC containing (Ti<SUB>0.88</SUB>W<SUB>0.12</SUB>)C showed coherent relationships at the core/rim and rim/binder interfaces, contributing to the improved mechanical properties. In contrast, nitrogen in (Ti<SUB>0.88</SUB>W<SUB>0.12</SUB>)(C<SUB>0.7</SUB>N<SUB>0.3</SUB>) resulted in a different microstructure and properties. The major factors determining the mechanical properties of the cermets are discussed in terms of the carbide/binder interfaces and the thermal stability of the added carbides.

Identification and characterization of a carboxypeptidase N1 from red lip mullet (<i>Liza haematocheila</i>); revealing its immune relevance

Perera, N.C.N.,Godahewa, G.I.,Jung, Sumi,Kim, Myoung-Jin,Nam, Bo-Hye,Lee, Jehee ACADEMIC PRESS LTD 2019 FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY Vol.84 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Complement system orchestrates the innate and adaptive immunity <I>via</I> the activation, recruitment, and regulation of immune molecules to destroy pathogens. However, regulation of the complement is essential to avoid injuries to the autologous tissues. The present study unveils the characteristic features of an important complement component, anaphylatoxin inactivator from red lip mullet at its molecular and functional level. Mullet carboxypeptidase N1 (MuCPN1) cDNA sequence possessed an open reading frame of 1347 bp, which encoded a protein of 449 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 51 kDa. <I>In silico</I> analysis discovered two domains of PM14-Zn carboxypeptidase and a C-terminal domain of M14 N/E carboxypeptidase, two zinc-binding signature motifs, and an N-glycosylation site in the MuCPN1 sequence. Homology analysis revealed that most of the residues in the sequence are conserved among the other selected homologs. Phylogeny analysis showed that MuCPN1 closely cladded with the <I>Maylandia zebra</I> CPN1 and clustered together with the teleostean counterparts. A challenge experiment showed modulated expression of MuCPN1 upon polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid and <I>Lactococcus garviae</I> in head kidney, spleen, gill, and liver tissues. The highest upregulation of MuCPN1 was observed 24 h post infection against poly I:C in each tissue. Moreover, the highest relative expressions upon <I>L. garviae</I> challenge were observed at 24 h post infection in head kidney tissue and 48 h post infection in spleen, gill, and liver tissues. MuCPN1 transfected cells triggered a 2.2-fold increase of nitric oxide (NO) production upon LPS stimulation compared to the un-transfected controls suggesting that MuCPN1 is an active protease which releases arginine from complement C3a, C4a, and C5a. These results have driven certain way towards enhancing the understanding of immune role of MuCPN1 in the complement defense mechanism of red lip mullet.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Carboxypeptidase N1 complement component was identified from the red lip mullet. </LI> <LI> Ubiquitous expression of MuCPN1 was observed in healthy mullet tissues. </LI> <LI> Modulated transcriptions of MuCPN1 revealed the importance in the immune responses. </LI> <LI> MuCPN1 was enhanced the nitric oxide production at an inflammatory condition. </LI> </UL> </P>

Effect of speciated HCs on the performance of modern commercial TWCs

Kang, S.B.,Nam, S.B.,Cho, B.K.,Nam, I.S.,Kim, C.H.,Oh, S.H. Elsevier Science Publishers 2014 CATALYSIS TODAY - Vol.231 No.-

Effects of speciated hydrocarbons on the TWC activity of modern commercial Pd and Rh catalysts were systematically investigated by using various HC species individually, selected from a group of eight HCs including methane, ethanol, propene, propane, toluene, m-xylene, n-octane and iso-octane. The oxidation activity of individual HCs decreased over both Pd and Rh catalysts in the following order: ethanol>propene~toluene>m-xylene>n-octane>iso-octane>propane>methane, in a good correlation with the C?H bonding energy of the HC species except for ethanol. The light-off temperature of CO (LOT<SUB>CO</SUB>) over the Pd catalyst shifted from 180<SUP>o</SUP>C in the absence of HCs to a range of 181-215<SUP>o</SUP>C in the individual presence of the HCs, a clear evidence of the inhibiting effect of HCs on the CO oxidation. However, the identical individual HCs exhibited little inhibiting effect on the CO oxidation activity over the Rh catalyst, mainly due to their negligible oxidation activities at the LOT<SUB>CO</SUB> of 214<SUP>o</SUP>C over the Rh catalyst. The NO reduction activity over both Pd and Rh catalysts - while displaying volcano-type profiles as a function of reaction temperature - was improved by the presence of an individual HC, with the extent of the improvement depending on the HC and temperature. This promoting effect of individual HCs on the NO reduction was stronger over Rh than over Pd; at 400<SUP>o</SUP>C for instance, the NO conversion increased from 20 to 65% due to the presence of propene over Rh, while it increased from 12 to 16% over Pd under the identical reaction condition. With the increasing O<SUB>2</SUB> concentration from 1 to 21vol.% in the feed stream, the Pd catalyst exhibited an increasing oxidation activity, while the Rh catalyst revealed the opposite trend. The concentrations of reaction intermediates formed on the surface of the Pd catalyst increased with the increasing O<SUB>2</SUB> concentration, while decreasing on the Rh catalyst surface as confirmed in an in situ DRIFT study. These opposite trends of the TWC performance over the Pd and Rh catalysts may be partially attributable to the oxides of Pd and Rh formed on the surface thereof.

소디움알파술폰 고급지방산 모노글리세리드의 세정성

노윤찬,이승렬,윤영균,남기대 ( Y . C . Ro,S . Y . Lee,Y . K . Yun,K . D . Nam ) 한국공업화학회 1994 공업화학 Vol.5 No.5

새로운 기능성을 갖는 sodium monogtycerol α-sulfonated alkanonate류에서 소수성 부분의 알킬기의 탄소수에 따른 세정력을 비교한 결과 C_(16)>C_(18)>C_(14)>C_(12)의 순으로 나타났고, 이들 중 세정력이 가장 우수한 sodium monoglycerol α-sulfonated hexadecanonate는 무공해 세정제로서 기대성이 있는바 현재 공업적으로 대량 사용하고 있는 sodium α-sulfonated alkanoic acid methyl ester와 sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate를 상대 비교한 결과, 보다 우수한 세정력을 나타내며 공업적 응용성에 기대성이 크다. The detergencies of these new functional anionic surfactants, sodium monoglycerol α-sulfonated alkanoates, were investigated and compared with those of two commercial surfactants, that is, sodium α-sulfonated alkanoic acid methyl ester and sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate. According to the variation of the hydrophobic alkyl chain length, the order of detergency was shown to be C_(16)>C_(18)>C_(14)>C_(12). From the comparision experiment for the detergency and the various fundamental properties of two other surfactants, it was found that sodium monoglycerol α-sulfonated hexadecanonate has the most outstanding characteristics of detergency. Possibly this result shows light on its industrial application as a nonpolluting detergent.