High Energy Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation and Annealing Effects on DC Electrical Characteristics of 200 GHz SiGe HBTs

Vinayakprasanna N. Hegde,K.C. Praveen,T.M. Pradeep,N. Pushpa,John D. Cressler,Ambuj Tripathi,K. Asokan,A.P. Gnana Prakash 한국원자력학회 2019 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.51 No.5

The total ionizing dose (TID) and non ionizing energy loss (NIEL) effects of 100 MeV phosphorous (P7þ)and 80 MeV nitrogen (N6þ) ions on 200 GHz silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors (SiGeHBTs) were examined in the total dose range from 1 to 100 Mrad(Si). The in-situ IeV characteristics likeGummel characteristics, excess base current (DIB), net oxide trapped charge (NOX), current gain (hFE),avalanche multiplication (M 1), neutral base recombination (NBR) and output characteristics (IC-VCE)were analysed before and after irradiation. The significant degradation in device parameters wasobserved after 100 MeV P7þ and 80 MeV N6þ ion irradiation. The 100 MeV P7þ ions create more damagein the SiGe HBT structure and in turn degrade the electrical characteristics of SiGe HBTs more whencompared to 80 MeV N6þ. The SiGe HBTs irradiated up to 100 Mrad of total dose were annealed from50 C to 400 C in different steps for 30 min duration in order to study the recovery of electrical characteristics. The recovery factors (RFs) are employed to analyse the contribution of room temperature andisochronal annealing in total recovery.

Surface characteristics analysis of dry EDMed AISI D2 steel using modified tool design

N. Pragadish,M. Pradeep Kumar 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.4

A modified tool design is proposed which helps in drilling holes without any central core, and also enables the effective removal of thedebris particles. Experiments were conducted on AISI D2 Steel using copper electrode as tool in both conventional EDM and dry EDMprocesses and the performance of both processes is compared. Experiments were designed using Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array. Dischargecurrent (I), gap voltage (V), pulse on time (TON), gas pressure (P) and tool rotational speed (N) were chosen as the various inputparameters, and their effect on the material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (SR), surface morphology, microstructure and elementalcomposition of the machined surface is analyzed. The experimental results show better surface characteristics in the surface machinedunder dry EDM process.

Special Review : Role of Principal Ionotropic and Metabotropic Receptors in Visceral Pain

( Pradeep Kannampalli ),( Jyoti N Sengupta ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2015 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.21 No.2

Visceral pain is the most common form of pain caused by varied diseases and a major reason for patients to seek medical consultation. It also leads to a significant economic burden due to workdays lost and reduced productivity. Further, long-term use of non-specific medications is also associated with side effects affecting the quality of life. Despite years of extensive research and the availability of several therapeutic options, management of patients with chronic visceral pain is often inadequate, resulting in frustration for both patients and physicians. This is, most likely, because the mechanisms associated with chronic visceral pain are different from those of acute pain. Accumulating evidence from years of research implicates several receptors and ion channels in the induction and maintenance of central and peripheral sensitization during chronic pain states. Understanding the specific role of these receptors will facilitate to capitalize on their unique properties to augment the therapeutic efficacy while at the same time minimizing unwanted side effects. The aim of this review is to provide a concise review of the recent literature that reports on the role of principal ionotropic receptors and metabotropic receptors in the modulation visceral pain. We also include an overview of the possibility of these receptors as potential new targets for the treatment of chronic visceral pain conditions. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015;21:147-158)

Structure of rapidly quenched (Cu_0.5Zr_0.5)_100-xAg_x alloys (x=0-40at.%)

Mattern, N.,Han, J.H.,Pradeep, K.G.,Kim, K.C.,Park, E.M.,Kim, D.H.,Yokoyama, Y.,Raabe, D.,Eckert, J. Elsevier Sequoia 2014 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.607 No.-

<P>The influence of Ag addition on the microstructure of rapidly quenched (Cu0.5Zr0.5)(100-x)Ag-x melts was investigated (x = 0-40 at.%). Fully glassy alloys were obtained for 0 <= x <= 20 at.% Ag, which are characterized by a homogeneous microstructure without any indication of phase separation. For 30 <= x <= 40 at.% Ag a composite structure is formed consisting of fcc-Ag nano-crystallites 5 nm in size and an amorphous matrix phase Cu40Zr40Ag20. With higher Ag-content the volume fraction of the fcc-Ag phase becomes increased mainly due to crytal growth during quenching. The primary formation of fcc-Ag for 30 <= x <= 40 at.% Ag is confirmed by the analysis of the microstructure of mold cast bulk samples which were fully crystalline. From the experimental results we conclude that the miscibility gap of the liquid phase of the ternary Ag-Cu-Zr system may occur only for x > 40 at.% Ag. For the bulk glass forming quaternary Cu40Zr40Al10Ag10 alloy a homogeneous element distribution is observed in accordance with the microstructure of ternary (Cu0.5Zr0.5)(100-x)Ag-x glasses (x = 10, 20 at.%). (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Mucormycosis Management in COVID-19 Era: Is Immediate Surgical Debridement and Reconstruction the Answer?

Samarth Gupta,Pradeep Goil,Arbab Mohammad,Joseph M. Escandón 대한성형외과학회 2022 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.49 No.3

Background Excessive use of corticosteroids therapy along with gross immunocompromised conditions in the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised the risks of contracting opportunistic fungal infections. Here, we describe our experience with the implementation of a surgical protocol to treat and reconstruct rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis. Methods A retrospective review of our prospectively maintained database was conducted on consecutive patients diagnosed with mucormycosis undergoing immediate reconstruction utilizing our “Mucormycosis Management Protocol.” All patients included in this study underwent reconstruction after recovering fromCOVID-19. Wide local excision was performed in all cases removing all suspected and edematous tissue. Reconstruction was done primarily after clear margins were achieved on clinical assessment under a cover of injectable liposomal amphotericin B. Results Fourteen patients were included. The average age was 43.6 years and followup was 24.3 days. Thirteen patients had been admitted for inpatient care of COVID-19. Steroid therapy was implemented for 2 weeks in 11 patients and for 3 weeks in 3 patients. Eight patients (57.1%) had a maxillectomy and mucosal lining resection with/without skin excision, and six patients (42.8%) underwent maxillectomy and wide tissue excision (maxillectomy and partial zygomatic resection, orbital exenteration, orbital floor resection, nose debridement, or skull base debridement). Anterolateral thigh (ALT) flapswere used to cover defects in all patients. All flaps survived. No major or minor complications occurred. No recurrence of mucormycosis was noted. Conclusion The approach presented in this study indicates that immediate reconstruction is safe and reliable in cases when appropriate tissue resection is accomplished. Further studies are required to verify the external validity of these findings.

Spatial distribution of groundwater quality indices using decision support system in Cheyyeru Watershed, YSR District, India

Gorantla Shanmukha Srinivas,Pradeep Kumar G N 대한공간정보학회 2021 Spatial Information Research Vol.29 No.3

Due to industrialization and overblown population, the quality of groundwater has become an issue of major concern at global level. Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI), a technique of rating water quality, is an effective tool to assess spatial and temporal changes. Water samples collected from fourteen well locations and analyzed for physico-chemical parameters viz., pH, Alkalinity, Calcium (Ca2?), Magnesium (Mg2?), Total Hardness (TH), Chlorides (Cl-), Nitrates (No3 -), Sulphates (So4 2-), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). In this study, methodology based on Multi Criterion Decision Making analysis is developed to create a GWQI, with the aim of identifying places with best quality for drinking within the Cheyyeru Watershed, YSR District. Weights proposed through Analytical Hierarchical Process are applied using National Sanitation Foundation method for determining GWQI. Indices revealed that GWQI varied from 117.02 to 408.74. The impact of land use changes has favored the deterioration of groundwater quality in the basin. Overall assessment of the basin reveals that almost all the parameters analyzed are above the desirable limits. The higher concentration of Mg2? during post-monsoon samples exhibits poor quality of water as compared to summer season. Sample test results were cross-correlated and significant influence on GWQI is observed from Mg2?, TH, and TDS. An interpolation technique Inverse Distance Weighted was used to obtain the spatial distribution of GWQI. The analysis revealed that the groundwater in the basin needs some degree of treatment before consumption, and it also needs to be protected from the perils of contamination.

A simple proof of Ramanujan's reciprocity theorem

P. S. Guruprasad,N. Pradeep 장전수학회 2006 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.9 No.2

In this note, we give a simple proof of Ramanujan's reciprocity theorem using q-binomial theorem.

AUGMENTED INVERSE GRAPHS WITH RESPECT TO A GROUP

M. LAKSHMI KAMESWARI,N. NAGA MARUTHI KUMARI,T.V. PRADEEP KUMAR The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2023 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.41 No.2

In this paper, the Augmented graph Es(τ) of the inverse graph Gs(τ) of a cyclic group (τ,◦) was studied. The Augmented inverse graph was constructed by applying the method of Mycielski's construction. The dimension of Augmented inverse graph and different properties of the graph were investigated. Later the chromatic number of Augmented inverse graph was discussed and the relation between the maximum degree of the graph and the chromatic number was established. In the Mycielski's construction, the properties of the key node 'u' in Es (τ) were established based on cardinality of the cyclic group (τ,◦) and also proved that the Augmented inverse graph Es(τ) was a triangle free graph.

Study the surface characteristics of atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma modified PVA/chitosan thin film and investigate its antibacterial properties

Ramhari Paneru,Se Hoon Ki,Pradeep Lamichhane,Nguyen N. Linh,Bishwa Chandra Adhikari,Sohail Mumtaz,Jinsung Choi,Eun Ha Choi 한국진공학회 2019 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2019 No.8

Microstructural analysis, radiography, tool wear characterization, induced residual stress and corrosion behavior of conventional and cryogenic trepanning of DSS 2507

C. Chandrasekhara Sastry,M. Abeens,N. Pradeep,M. A. Muthu Manickam 대한기계학회 2020 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.34 No.6

In the present study, an endeavour has been made in trepanning of Duplex steel (DSS 2507) under wet and cryogenic environments. DSS 2507 steel is predominantly used in the area of defence for warhead and rocket motor casing, marine applications of submarine rocket launchers, naval components and other high end applications due to their high strength provided by two phased structure. Reduction of 35.21 % and 14.80 % is observed in cryogenic trepanning correlated to conventional trepanning analogous to cutting force and cutting temperature, respectively. This has an explicit bearing on the machinability and surface characteristics of the hole formed. Attrition of immured austenite phase fraction and curtailed carbide structure aids to the increase in the residual (compressive in nature) stress by 3.25 % in cryogenic trepanning, further causing an accretion of wear resistance and hardness. An increase in work hardness and inherent machinability property is observed with a surge in microhardness by 11-26.07 %, due to the upsurge of ferrite band along the surface. Additionally, ferrite formation ensures abatement the formation of embedded chips along the surface in cryogenic trepanning. Increase in MRR is ascertained at 0.8 % in cryogenic trepanning compared to conventional trepanning. A decrease of 30.99 % and 72.30 % in flank and crater wear, respectively is ascertained in cryogenic trepanning in correlation to conventional trepanning of DSS 2507 steel is ascertained. The corrosion resistance in cryogenic trepanning increased by 59.78 % analogous to conventional trepanning of DSS 2507 steel. In cryogenic trepanning, a passivation barrier is ascertained with interatomic spacing curtailment along with a surge of ferrite phase, causing an upsurge in the compressive residual factor.