Proposal of an indicator-based sustainability assessment framework for the mining sector of APEC economies

Bui, N.T.,Kawamura, A.,Kim, K.W.,Prathumratana, L.,Kim, T.H.,Yoon, S.H.,Jang, M.,Amaguchi, H.,Bui, D.D.,Truong, N.T. Butterworth Scientific, [etc.] 2017 Resources policy Vol.52 No.-

The mining sector faces some of the most difficult sustainability challenges of any industrial sector. The mining sector is remarkably significant to the development of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) region, because the majority of global trade and investment in this region depends on this sector. Therefore, the assessment of mining sector sustainability at national and global scales in APEC economies is an important task. So far, however, mining sector sustainability assessment frameworks have only been developed at small scales, such as companies and cities. In this study, therefore, it is proposed an indicator-based sustainability assessment framework (iSAF) to assess mining sector sustainability at national and global scales. In this framework, fuzzy logic was utilized to adequately deal with the uncertainty and vagueness of human expressions. The conventional fuzzy scales were suitably modified in the proposed framework to facilitate confident decision-making by the relevant stakeholders. In order to avoid repeatedly conducting the judgment until the acceptable consistency was obtained, iSAF implemented an innovative theory to deal with unacceptable consistencies in judgment. The proposed iSAF was applied to the mining sector of APEC economies using data from the APEC 2010 Project. As for the results, three important criteria including economic, environmental, and social criteria and twenty significant indicators were appropriately selected to cover the actual situation in the sector. The results showed that iSAF was a suitable framework for preventing uncertainty and vagueness in decision-making. iSAF was found to provide crucial support to decision-makers, not only in identifying and structuring the main components contributing to sustainability, but also in pointing out the factors in which significant investment should be made to effectively improve sustainability.

Numerical simulation of diffusion in the stratified flow

N. Mizumoto,T. Kawamura 한국전산유체공학회 2003 한국전산유체공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2003 No.10

MOLECULAR AND ATOMIC GAS IN THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD. II. THREE-DIMENSIONAL CORRELATION BETWEEN CO AND H I

Fukui, Y.,Kawamura, A.,Wong, T.,Murai, M.,Iritani, H.,Mizuno, N.,Mizuno, Y.,Onishi, T.,Hughes, A.,Ott, J.,Muller, E.,Staveley-Smith, L.,Kim, S. IOP Publishing 2009 The Astrophysical journal Vol.705 No.1

<P>We compare the CO (J = 1-0) and HI emission in the Large Magellanic Cloud in three dimensions, i.e., including a velocity axis in addition to the two spatial axes, with the aim of elucidating the physical connection between giant molecular clouds (GMCs) and their surrounding Hi gas. The CO J = 1-0 data set is from the second NANTEN CO survey and the HI data set is from the merged Australia Telescope Compact Array ( ATCA) and Parkes Telescope surveys. The major findings of our analysis are as follows: (1) GMCs are associated with an envelope of HI emission, (2) in GMCs [average CO intensity] proportional to [ average Hi intensity](1.1 +/- 0.1), and (3) the HI intensity tends to increase with the star formation activity within GMCs, from Type I to Type III. An analysis of the HI envelopes associated with GMCs shows that their average line width is 14 km s(-1) and the mean density in the envelope is 10 cm(-3). We argue that the HI envelopes are gravitationally bound by GMCs. These findings are consistent with a continual increase in the mass of GMCs via HI accretion at an accretion rate of 0.05 M-circle dot yr(-1) over a timescale of 10 Myr. The growth of GMCs is terminated via dissipative ionization and/or stellar-wind disruption in the final stage of GMC evolution.</P>

MOLECULAR DYNAMICS(MD) SIMULATION ON PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE BEHAVIORS OF RUTILE

Kim, D.W.,Kawamura, K.,Enomoto, N.,Nakagawa, Z. 한국재료학회 1995 Fabrication and Characterization of Advanced Mater Vol.2 No.e3

The pressure and temoerature dependences of the crystal structure and the physical properties of rutile have been calculated by means of MD simulations with a quantum correction. Interatomic potential functions of our model are composed of Coulomb, short range repulsion, van der Waals, and Morse interactions. The energy parameters were empirically determined to reproduce the fundamental properties of rutile. The MD results were compared with experimental data inthe literature and well reproduced the observed with experimental data in the literature and well reproduced the observed crystal structure and some physical properties including volume thermal expansivity and compressibility by using the present interatomic potential model.

Study on Modular Multi-Level DC-DC Converter with Cell Voltage Balancing and Fast Output Response Using Sub Commutation Circuits

H. Obara,M. Katayama,A. Kawamura,J. Xu,N. Shimosato,S. Inoue 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

DC power supplies for a battery testing are becoming significantly important for developments of electrical vehicles (EVs), mobile devices, and renewable energy generations. In the recent decade, modular multi-level converters (MMC) have been actively studied and started to use on some practical applications such as high- or mediumvoltage DC-AC or AC-DC power converters. However, the widely used MMC topology has a significant issue to extend to a DC-DC converter, because it cannot achieve capacitor voltage balancing of each cell unlike the case of the DC-AC and AC-DC conversions. Therefore, most of the MMC-based DC-DC converters are realized by combining the DC-AC converter, isolation transformer or inductor, and AC-DC converter. In this study, the DC-DC operation in the MMC and its problem are analyzed and clarified. This paper proposes a circuit topology and control method of the MMCbased DC-DC converter with cell voltage balancing and fast dynamic response while the DC-AC and AC-DC converters are not used. Simulation results verify the validity of the capacitor voltage balancing control. Finally, an experimental result in a prototype converter with 6-cells using SiCMOSFETs shows the performances of the voltage balancing control and fast dynamic response.

MOLECULAR AND ATOMIC GAS IN THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD. I. CONDITIONS FOR CO DETECTION

Wong, T.,Hughes, A.,Fukui, Y.,Kawamura, A.,Mizuno, N.,Ott, J.,Muller, E.,Pineda, J. L.,Welty, D. E.,Kim, S.,Mizuno, Y.,Murai, M.,Onishi, T. IOP Publishing 2009 The Astrophysical journal Vol.696 No.1

Launching the C-HPP neXt-CP50 Pilot Project for Functional Characterization of Identified Proteins with No Known Function

Paik, Young-Ki,Lane, Lydie,Kawamura, Takeshi,Chen, Yu-Ju,Cho, Je-Yoel,LaBaer, Joshua,Yoo, Jong Shin,Domont, Gilberto,Corrales, Fernando,Omenn, Gilbert S.,Archakov, Alexander,Encarnació,n-Guevara American Chemical Society 2018 JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH Vol.17 No.12

<P>An important goal of the Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) Chromosome-centric Human Proteome Project (C-HPP) is to correctly define the number of canonical proteins encoded by their cognate open reading frames on each chromosome in the human genome. When identified with high confidence of protein evidence (PE), such proteins are termed PE1 proteins in the online database resource, neXtProt. However, proteins that have not been identified unequivocally at the protein level but that have other evidence suggestive of their existence (PE2-4) are termed missing proteins (MPs). The number of MPs has been reduced from 5511 in 2012 to 2186 in 2018 (neXtProt 2018-01-17 release). Although the annotation of the human proteome has made significant progress, the “parts list” alone does not inform function. Indeed, 1937 proteins representing ∼10% of the human proteome have no function either annotated from experimental characterization or predicted by homology to other proteins. Specifically, these 1937 “dark proteins” of the so-called dark proteome are composed of 1260 functionally uncharacterized but identified PE1 proteins, designated as uPE1, plus 677 MPs from categories PE2-PE4, which also have no known or predicted function and are termed uMPs. At the HUPO-2017 Annual Meeting, the C-HPP officially adopted the uPE1 pilot initiative, with 14 participating international teams later committing to demonstrate the feasibility of the functional <U>c</U>haracterization of large numbers of dark <U>p</U>roteins (CP), starting first with 50 uPE1 proteins, in a stepwise chromosome-centric organizational manner. The second aim of the feasibility phase to <U>c</U>haracterize protein (CP) functions of 50 uPE1 proteins, termed the neXt-CP50 initiative, is to utilize a variety of approaches and workflows according to individual team expertise, interest, and resources so as to enable the C-HPP to recommend experimentally proven workflows to the proteome community within 3 years. The results from this pilot will not only be the cornerstone of a larger characterization initiative but also enhance understanding of the human proteome and integrated cellular networks for the discovery of new mechanisms of pathology, mechanistically informative biomarkers, and rational drug targets.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

HIGH TEMPERATURE STRENGTH OF HYDROGEN ANNEALED SILICON WAFER

Matsushita, J.,Xin, P.,Hayashi, K.,Fujii, O.,Kawamura, N.,Kawakami, T.,Numano, M.,Kubota, H.,Matsushita, Y. 한국재료학회 1995 Fabrication and Characterization of Advanced Mater Vol.1 No.1

High temperature strength of hydrogen annealed silicaon wafer was investiaged. Wafers were 150mm in diameter, Czochralski-grown(100) silicon crystal. Silicon wafers were annealed at $1200^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour in a hydrogen atmosphere with a heating rate of $10^{\circ}C/min$ and $20^{\circ}C/min$ in an hot-wall furnace. Oxygen precipitate density in slow heating rate sample and rapid heating rate sample were $2{\times}10^{9}/cm^3$ and $3{\times}10^{7}/cm^3$, respectively. Decreasing the heating rate increases the oxygen precipitate density. The strength was measured by the three-point bending test at $1000^{\circ}C$ using strip-shpaped samples cult from silicon wafer. The maximum resolved shear stress($T_{max}$) at the specimen surface converted from the maximum load was dependent on strain rate and oxygen precipitate density constained in the silicon wafer. The $T_{max}$, 20.5 MPa for as-received samples, was reduced to 17.9MPa in slow heating rate sample. On the other hand, the $T_{max}$ was almost the same as 20.3 MPa in rapid heating rate sample under a strain rate of $6.9{\times}10^{-6}/s$ at $1000^{\circ}C$.

Synchrotron X-ray Spectroscopy Study on the Valence State in α- and β-YbAlB4 at Low Temperatures and High Magnetic Fields

Y. H. Matsuda,T. Nakamura,K. Kuga,S. Nakatsuji,S. Michimura,T. Inami,N. Kawamura,M. Mizumaki 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.12

The valence state of Yb ions in β-YbAlB4 and its polymorph α-YbAlB4 has been investigated byusing X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy in SPring-8 at temperatures from 2 to 280 K. Theobserved Yb valence is 2.78 ± 0.01 in β-YbAlB4 at 2 K by using the X-ray emission spectroscopy. The valence is found to gradually increase with increasing temperature toward the trivalent state,and the characteristic temperature of the valence fluctuation is expected to be about 290 K. Wealso found a small increase in the Yb valence ( 0.002) by applying a magnetic field of 32 T at40 K to β-YbAlB4.

Physical properties of giant molecular clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Hughes, A.,Wong, T.,Ott, J.,Muller, E.,Pineda, J. L.,Mizuno, Y.,Bernard, J.-P.,Paradis, D.,Maddison, S.,Reach, W. T.,Staveley-Smith, L.,Kawamura, A.,Meixner, M.,Kim, S.,Onishi, T.,Mizuno, N.,Fukui, Y. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol.406 No.3

<P>ABSTRACT</P><P>The Magellanic Mopra Assessment (MAGMA) is a high angular resolution <SUP>12</SUP>CO (<I>J</I>= 1 → 0) mapping survey of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and Small Magellanic Cloud using the Mopra Telescope. Here we report on the basic physical properties of 125 GMCs in the LMC that have been surveyed to date. The observed clouds exhibit scaling relations that are similar to those determined for Galactic GMCs, although LMC clouds have narrower linewidths and lower CO luminosities than Galactic clouds of a similar size. The average mass surface density of the LMC clouds is 50 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> pc<SUP>−2</SUP>, approximately half that of GMCs in the inner Milky Way. We compare the properties of GMCs with and without signs of massive star formation, finding that non-star-forming GMCs have lower peak CO brightness than star-forming GMCs. We compare the properties of GMCs with estimates for local interstellar conditions: specifically, we investigate the H <SMALL>I</SMALL> column density, radiation field, stellar mass surface density and the external pressure. Very few cloud properties demonstrate a clear dependence on the environment; the exceptions are significant positive correlations between (i) the H <SMALL>I</SMALL> column density and the GMC velocity dispersion, (ii) the stellar mass surface density and the average peak CO brightness and (iii) the stellar mass surface density and the CO surface brightness. The molecular mass surface density of GMCs without signs of massive star formation shows no dependence on the local radiation field, which is inconsistent with the photoionization-regulated star formation theory proposed by McKee. We find some evidence that the mass surface density of the MAGMA clouds increases with the interstellar pressure, as proposed by Elmegreen, but the detailed predictions of this model are not fulfilled once estimates for the local radiation field, metallicity and GMC envelope mass are taken into account.</P>