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Optical Technique to Measure Five-Degree-of-Freedom Error Motions for a High-Speed Microspindle
Hiroshi Murakami1,Norio Kawagoishi,Eiji Kondo,Akira Kodama 한국정밀공학회 2010 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.
We present an optical technique to measure five-degree-of-freedom error motions of a high-speed microspindle. The measurement system consists of a rod lens, a ball lens, four divided laser beams, and multiple divided photodiodes. When the spindle rotates with its concomitant rotation errors, the rod and ball lenses, which are mounted to the chuck of the spindle, are displaced, and this displacement is measured using an optical technique. For this study, we decide the design parameters of the optical system using ray tracing, fabricate a prototype of the measurement system, and evaluate it experimentally. The results show that the measurement system has a resolution of 5 nm and can be used to evaluate high-speed microspindle rotation errors.
Near Net Shape Processing of RE-Ba-Cu-O Bulk Superconductors
Murakami M.,Fujishiro M.,Miyazaki T.,Nariki S.,Sakai N.,Hirabayashi I. 한국분말야금학회 2006 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.1
Several practical applications of melt-textured bulk superconductors require the complex-shaped products such as curved, ring-shaped, and drilled blocks rather than simple shaped pellets. However, melt-textured bulk superconductors are often damaged when they are cut, grinded, or drilled. With the aim of reducing such damages, we have investigated the preparation of the complex-shaped bulk superconductors by previously machining binder-added precursors and pre-sintered precursors. We could produce various complex-shaped bulk superconductors without cracking from these machined precursors
A Novel Chlorophyll d-containing Organism: Discovery and its Significance
Murakami, Akio,Kawai, Hiroshi,Adachi, Kyoko,Sakawa, Takahiro,Miyashita, Hideaki,Mimuro, Mamoru Korean Society of Photoscience 2002 Journal of Photosciences Vol.9 No.2
Chlorophyll (Chi) d was assigned to an antenna pigment of red algae in 1943, but its presence and function in red algae have not been necessarily clear for a long time. In 1996, it was shown that Chi d functioned as a major antenna pigment in a peculiar oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryote, Acaryochloris marina, isolated as a symbiont of a colonial ascidian from coral reefs. This finding evoked the necessity for reexamination of the presence and function of Chi d in red algae. We found Chi d in methanol-extract from several marine red algae, and the relative content was high in one species, Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis. Absorption and fluorescence spectra, HPLC analysis, and NMR and mass spectroscopy characterized Chi d extracted from the red algal thalli, and those were essentially identical to those of Chi d isolated from A. marina. However, micro-spectrophotometric analysis suggested that Chi d was not an actual constituent of the red algae but came from epiphyte(s) attached to surface of red algal thalli.
The Initial Enzyme for Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Biosynthesis Requires PIG-Y, a Seventh Component
Murakami, Yoshiko,Siripanyaphinyo, Uamporn,Hong, Yeongjin,Tashima, Yuko,Maeda, Yusuke,Kinoshita, Taroh American Society for Cell Biology 2005 Molecular biology of the cell Vol.16 No.11
<P>Biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) is initiated by an unusually complex GPI-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GPI-GnT) consisting of at least six proteins. Here, we report that human GPI-GnT requires another component, termed PIG-Y, a 71 amino acid protein with two transmembrane domains. The Burkitt lymphoma cell line Daudi, severely defective in the surface expression of GPI-anchored proteins, was a null mutant of PIG-Y. A complex of six components was formed without PIG-Y. PIG-Y appeared to be directly associated with PIG-A, implying that PIG-Y is the key molecule that regulates GPI-GnT activity by binding directly to the catalytic subunit PIG-A. PIG-Y is probably homologous to yeast Eri1p, a component of GPI-GnT. We did not obtain evidence for a functional linkage between GPI-GnT and ras GTPases in mammalian cells as has been reported for yeast cells. A single transcript encoded PIG-Y and, to its 5′ side, another protein PreY that has homologues in a wide range of organisms and is characterized by a conserved domain termed DUF343. These two proteins are translated from one mRNA by leaky scanning of the PreY initiation site.</P>
Setting the scene: CFD and symposium overview
Murakami, Shuzo Techno-Press 2002 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.5 No.2
The present situation of CWE(Computational Wind Engineering) and the papers presented to the CWE 2000 Symposium are reviewed from the following viewpoints; 1) topics treated, 2) utilization of commercial code (software), 3) incompleteness of CWE, 4) remaining research subjects, 5) prediction accuracy, 6) new fields of CWE application, etc. Firstly, new tendencies within CWE applications are indicated. Next, the over-attention being given to the application field and the lack of attention to fundamental problems, including prediction error analysis, are pointed out. Lastly, the future trends of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) applications to wind engineering design are discussed.
Photosynthetic Performances of Temperate Sargassum and Kelp Species Growing in the Same Habitat
Murakami, Hiroshige,Serisawa, Yukihiko,Kurashima, Akira,Yokohama, Yasutsugu The Korean Society of Phycology 2004 ALGAE Vol.19 No.3
Characteristics of photosynthesis-light and photosynthesis-temperature relationships were seasonally compared among 4 species, two temperate Sargassurn (S. ringgoldianum and S. spathulophyllum) and two temperate kelp (Ecklonia cava and Eisenia bicyclis), growing in the same habitat in Oura Bay, Shimoda, central Japan. The photosynthesis-irradiance (P-I) curve of each species at the in situ temperature and the photosynthesis-temperature (P-T) curve at near saturation irradiance (400μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)) were determined by using differential gas-volumeters. Maximum photosynthetic rates (Prnax) for P-I curves of the two Sargassurn species were higher from summer to autumn than from winter to spring, while those of the two kelp species showed little difference among seasons. Net photosynthetic rates (Pn) at 100-400μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1) of the Sargassurn species were higher than those of the kelp species in autumn, spring and summer, while in winter the rates were about the same between the Sargassurn and kelp species. Among seasons, the light saturation index (1k) values, dark respiration rates and light compensation points of Sargassurn species differed more than those of kelp species. Optimum temperature for P-T curves of Sargassurn species was 29℃ and that of kelp species was 27℃ in summer, while in winter the former was 27℃ and the latter was 25℃. Pn at 400 μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1) at 10-33℃ of Sargassurn species were considerably higher than those of kelp species from spring to summer, while from autumn to winter the rates at 5-27℃ were about the same between the two. At supra-optimum temperatures, Pn of kelp species decreased more sharply than those of Sargassurn species in each season. These facts indicate that the two temperate Sargassurn species have a higher potential photosynthetic performance under warmer conditions than the two temperate kelp species even though they grow in the same habitat.
Development of New SCADA System for 500kV Substations
Murakami, Juri,Kimoto, Hirofumi,Ono, Manabu,Kasahara, Kuniyoshi,Hayasaka, Yasushi,Ueno, Yasuhide 대한전기학회 2013 The Journal of International Council on Electrical Vol.3 No.1
We developed a new SCADA system for 500-kV substations. To apply existing LAN-based SCADA system for unmanned 275-kV or 77-kV substations, we had to develop three functions. Firstly, the new SCADA system enables that 500-kV substation is supervised and controlled from multiple operating sites. Secondly, the database of the new SCADA system can be downloaded the maintenance data from the SCADA system for 500-kV control center via an IP network. Finally, the new SCADA system has supervisory control capability for manned 500-kV substations. In this paper, we describe these functional over view of the new SCADA system. Currently, 500-kV substations are manned substations. And these substations are supervised and controlled by human operators on sites. Using the new SCADA system, 500-kV substations will be realized remote supervisory control from the 500-kV control center a few years later. Therefore, manned 500-kV substations will convert into unmanned substations.