雄性不稔性을 利用한 水稻雜種 品種의 開發 : IV. ms-WA를 導入하여 育成할 維持親과 回復親問의 組合能力 檢定

許文會,金弘烈 서울大學校 農科大學 1986 서울대농학연구지 Vol.11 No.1

The combining ability for grain yield of 77 hybrids btween 11 breeding CGMS maintainer lines and 7 restorer lines were tested and their yield components were examined. The results are summarised as follows: 1. The grain yield of 77 hybrids ranged between 6.129 ton/ha and 10.278 ton/ha with average of 7.687 ton/ha. 2. The highest gca was expressed by wx817 in female with 8.739 ton/ha with average of 7.687 ton/ha and by M57 in male with 8,737 ton/ha. 3. The highest sca was shown in the combinations such as wx 498/M57, wx817/M56 and S310/M57. Their yield was 10.278, 10,051 and 9,803 ton/ha respectively. 4. The average grain yield of aquarter of high yielding and a quarter of low yielding crosses out of total crosses were 9.559 and 6.538 ton/ha respectively. The average heterobeltiosis of high yielding and low yielding group were 160.3 and 108.6% respectively. And the average standard heterosis of them were 126.4 and 86.5% respectively. 5.The high yielding group showed significantly high number of grains per panicle and number of panicles per hill than the lower yielding group. 6. The path coefficients of yield components to the yield of 77 crosses was highest in the number of grains per panicles and followed by number of panicles per hill 1000 grain weight and fertility %. But, when we calculated it high yielding and low yielding group separately the number of panicles per hill was the highest one, and followed by 1000 grain weight, fertility and number of panicles per hill in order in both groups.

벼 雜種品種의 開發硏究 現況과 展望

許文會,金弘烈,高熙宗 서울大學校農科大學 農業開發硏究所 1991 서울대농학연구지 Vol.16 No.1

벼에서 雜種强勢 이용 育種法은 中國에서의 성공적인 實用化와 더불어 現在의 收量 水準을 한 段階 올릴 수 있는 획기적인 育種法으로 평가되고 있다. 이에 本 稿에서는 雜種品種 硏究의 進行狀況과 今後의 展望 等을 벼에서의 雜種强勢 정도, 雄性不稔 및 稔性回復 體系, 雜種種子 生産 및 經濟性 等으로 구분하여 考察하였다. 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 지금까지 보고된 바로 벼에서의 收量 雜種强勢는 40% 정도를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 보이며, 收量構成要素 中에는 粒數의 增加가 收量 雜種强勢에 가장 크게 寄與하는 것으로 나타났다. 장차 Indica와 Japonica의 hybrid는 雜種强勢 水準을 크게 높일 것으로 보인다. 2. 細胞質 雄性不稔의 種類와 稔性回復因子 等을 검토하였고, 雜種品種 育成 體系를 單純化시킬 수 있는 方案들을 論議하였다. 3. 雜種品種 實用化의 관건이 되는 雜種種子 生産 現況과 自然交雜率 提高方案 等을 고찰하였고, 經濟性은 中國의 例를 검토하였다. Utilization of hybrid vigor in rice has been evaluated as an innovative breeding method to elevate the current yield-level, with the success in China. In this study, Current achievements and future outlook on hybrid rice were reviewed and discussed with the topics of extent of heterosis-level, the system of male sterility and fertility restoration, hybrid seed production, and the economical aspects. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The practical yield advantage over the best commercial cultivars might be 40%, and number of grains out of yield components was mainly responsible for the yield heterosis from the reports. It was expected that hybrids between Indica and Japonica might level up the heterosis extensively. 2. The system and genetics of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration reported in rice were reviewed. The feasible methods to simplify the system of breeding hybrid rice were estimated. 3. The status of hybrid seed production and the strategy for the improvement of natural outcrossing were summarized, and the economics of hybrid rice in China was discussed.

벼의 遺傳子 標識基株 育成

許文會 서울대학교농과대학농업개발연구소 1990 서울대농학연구지 Vol.15 No.2

우리 나라에서 容易하게 栽培가 되며 效率이 높게 遺傳分析이 可能한 벼의 遺傳子 標識基株를 育成하기 위하여 北海道大學, 九州大學 및 台灣農業試驗場에서 育成된 유전자 표지기주를 分讓받아 우리 나라 早生品種 "雪嶽"에 교배하여 설악의 出穗期와 草形에 類似한 標試基株를 育成하였다. 그들中 우선 사진으로 發表할 수 있는 36유전자만을(1 連關群當 3개 유전자식) 여기에 보고 한다. 이들 系統中에는 2개 以上의 標識因子가 들어있는 것도 있지만 이들에 대한 特性이나 用途는 後日의 보고로 미룬다. Over 200 genetic marker stocks belonging to Japonica rice have been introduced from hokkaido and Kyushu University and Taiwan Agricultural Experiment Station. These were crossed to an early Korean cultivar "Sulakk", and selected for plants which held the marker characters in F₂ generation. Sometimes they were backcrossed to recurrent parent "Sulakk" or intercrossed among sister lines whenever necessary. Then their offsprings were selected for the plant type and heading time similar to the recurrent parent besides holding the marker characters concerned. Among those breeding marker stock lines, 36 markers, -3 from each linkage group-are available at hand and are listed here with photographs. Many lines listed here contain more than 2 markers, but their nature and usages will be reported later.

쌀 加工 多樣化를 위한 新素材 開發 : for Diverse Amylose Contents 특히 amylose含量 變異體의 育成

許文會 서울大學校農科大學 農業開發硏究所 1991 서울대농학연구지 Vol.16 No.1

쌀 加工 多樣化를 위한 新素材 開發의 한 方向으로 amylose含量 變異體 育成을 위하여 本 硏究室이 傾注하여온 努力들 中 基礎的인 情報 즉 環境 및 遺傳變異에 關한 實驗結果를 綜合하여 外國에서 報告된 結果와 對照하면서 앞으로의 硏究에 寄與하고자 檢討하였다. 그 結果는 다음과 같이 要約된다. 1. 쌀 amylose含量의 環境變異 amylose含量은 年次間 變異가 有意할 만 한데 주로 當年의 氣溫에 影響을 받는다. 栽培時期 移動의 影響도 氣溫이 急降下하는 時期 以後에 出穗한 環境 影響이 留意할 만 한데 中·低水準의 amylose含量을 가진 品種에서 그 影響이 컸다. 播種期 및 收穫期 移動도 위와 같은 結果였다. 高溫과 短日은 amylose含量을 낮게하는데 出穗前後의 短日處理의 影響은 品種에 따라 달랐다. 施肥量의 影響은 留意할 만한 것이 못되었고 米粒의 成長 段階別로보면 出穗後 10日頃까지는 品種固有의 含量에 達하고 그 後는 變化가 없었다. 2. 品種간 變異 우리가 蒐集 育成한 메벼 育種 材料들의 amylose含量은 Japoniac들 中에서는 5.4∼30.5% Indica 中에서는 8.6∼31.0%의 範圍에서 變異하고 있는데 育成中인 突然變異體 中에서는 이보다 더 높은 것, 낮은 것들이 나올 것으로 期待한다. 3. 遺傳變異 찰과 메의 交配組合에서나 L-maylose와 H-amylose의 組合에서도 Dosage效果는 加算的이었으나 L-amylose와 H-amylose組合에서 高amylose의 첫 dose가 두드러지게 差가 나는 것으로 보아 이것이 優性임을 나타내었다. wx, opaque, 普通메 相互間의 交配를 通하여 amylose含量에 關해 wx遺傳子 자리에 multi-allele 關係가 있음을 確認하였다. 찰과 메와의 複對立 遺傳關係를 利用하여 熱帶 Indica에서 耐性 遺傳子를 導入하는 경우 amylose含量 分析을 省略할 수 있는 wx-high productive plant type carrier 育種法을 創案하였다. 4. MNU를 利用하여 여러 가지 amylose含量을 가지 突然變異體를 誘起할 수 있음을 外國에서의 例와 우리의 成績을 가지고 提示하였다. 5. ADV의 環境에 依한 變異는 高溫短日에서 ADV가 낮아지고 其他環境의 影響은 微微함을 確認하였다. 一般的으로 Indica는 낮고 Japonica는 높으네, 낮은것이 優性이고 優性의 程度는 分明하여 dosage效果는 加算的이지만 微微하다. To breed the new genetic traits for diversified processing quality of rice, studies were made on the environmental and genetic variability of amylose contents of rice starches in Suwon College farm during last 20 years. The results were discussed here and they are summarized as follows; 1. Environmental variability of amylose contents; The year variation of amylose content is significant due to mainly air temperature. Seasonal variation were also significant mainly due to low temperature for the delayed heading. The varieties with medium or low amylose were more variable. The effect of shifting of seeding and transplanting date were almost same as seasonal variability. The high temperature and short-day lowered down the amylose contents. The effects of short-day treatment before or after heading were variable depending on the cultivar tested. The increased nitrogen application showed general tendency of reduced amylose contents but it was not significant. The P and K fertilizers did not show consistent effects. The amylose content in the grain during grain development reached to the varietal constant by 10∼15 days after heading, thence no significant changes were noticed. 2. Varietal variability; The breeding materials which we have collected and bred showed amylose contents 5.4∼30.5% with Japonicas and 8.6∼31.0% with Indicas. Some newly derived mutants were showing wider variabilities in both Japonicas and Indicas. 3. Genetic variability; From the study of dosage effects with waxy, low and high amylose varieties, it was confirmed that the dosage effects were additive, non-waxy is dominant over waxy and high amylose one is dominant over low amylose one. From the study of genetic segregations of the hybrids among waxy, opaque and non-waxy, it was made clear that the genes wx, ?? and ?? for the waxy, opaque and common non-waxy respectively are multi-allelic each other locating on wx locus. Utilizing the multi-allelism of high-low amylose contents we have developed the "waxy high productive plant type carrier breeding technique" through which a breeder can save the laborious processes for the chemical analysis of amylose contents. 4. Mutation for the amylose variants; The feasibility of breeding further variants for amylose contents through chemical mutations was demonstrated. 5. Alkali digestibility value(ADV); About the environmental variability of ADV, the effects of high temperature and short-day treatment caused the lower ADV. No other significant environmental effects were noticed on ADV. The low ADV was dominant over high ADV. The dosage effect was less significant but it was additive.

서울大學校 農科大學에서 蒐集 育成한 벼의 遺傳子 標識 基株

許文會 서울대학교 농과대학 농업개발연구소 1991 서울대농학연구지 Vol.16 No.2

外國에서 育成된 벼 遺傳標識基株(rice genetic marker)를 導入하여 韓國品種 "雪嶽벼"와 "早生統一"에 移轉하여 150個 系統을 育成하였다. 이것을 이용하기 편리하도록 1) 標準化된 連關圖로 表示하고, 2) marker들을 alphabert順으로 綜合 표시하였으며, 3) 그들 marker를 보고한 文獻目錄을 제시하였고, 4) 遺傳分析에 자주 이용되는 主要 形質들에 관계하는 marker들을 정리하였으며, 5) 連關群別로 marker 및 基株系統을 目錄으로 표시하였다. 6) marker系統들의 pedigree와 그의 栽培特性을 표시하였으며, 7) 育成系統들의 交配組合을 表로 說明하였다. 끝으로 marker 하나하나를 鑑別할 수 있도록 寫眞으로 附錄에 提示하였다. Over 200 genetic marker stocks belonging to Japonica rice have been introduced from Hokkaido and Kyushu University and Taiwan Agricultural Experiment Station. Nearly 50 marker stoks belonging to Indica rice are also introduced from IRRI. These were crossed to an early Korean Japonica cultivar "Seolak" and an Indica cultivar "Josaeng Tongil"and selected for plants which held the marker characters in F₂ generation. Sometime they were backcrossed to recurrent parent or intercrossed among sister lines whenever necessary. Then their offsprings were selected for the plant type and heading time similar to the recurrent parent besides holding the marker characters concerned. In all, 550 lines carrying 150 genetic makers were selected from 131 cross combinations. Out of 150 makers, only 95 were able to mark on a linkage map according to the Takahashi's report(Table 1). The 150 markers are listed in Table 2 in a alphabetic order, Their references are listed in Table 3. Some markers associated with some distinct character which is being utilized often for the genetic analyses are listed in Table 4. The marker stocks arranged in a linkage group number are listed in Table 5. The pedigrees of those marker stocks were listed in Table 6. And the cross combinations are listed in Table 7. To make clear the characteristics of some marker stocks, 120 color pictures are listed here as an appendix.

水稻 品種間 交雜에 있어서 稈長의 遺傳分離 : XI. 對應과 非對應 關係

金容權,許文會 서울大學校 農科大學 1987 서울대농학연구지 Vol.12 No.1

Studies on the inheritance of culum length of the rice plant(Oryza sativa L.), carried out in the field of this cellege, are summarized and the discussions are focussed to the allelic and nonallelic relationship of the genes for the culm length. The results are summarized as follows; 1. In the crosses between a semi-dwarf Indica, which carring the d47 dwarf gene and a tall Indica, the allelic and non-allelic relationship was recognized clearly. 2. Most of the crosses between a semi-dwarf Indica, which carring the d47 dwarf gene, and a tall Japonica were mon-allelic combination. 3. In the crosses between the Japonicas; a. The dwarf genes and d1, d10 and d35 were conformed. b. Both the allelic and non-allelic combinations were present. c. Two different types of crosses between two dwarfs were in dentified. That is one type segregated tall, medium and short in to 9:6:1 ratio,and the other type segregated tall, medium, short and very short in to 9:3:3:1 ratio. d. In the crosses between a dominant short and a recessive short, the segregation ratio revealed 3:10:3 of tall: medium:short. e. In tnhe crosses between a recessive tall and a dominant tall, 1:3 ratio of very tall and tall was found. 4. Many crosses, botween a semi-dwarf indica, which carrying d47 dwarf gene and a dwarf Japonica, did not show the segregation in culm length, that is they are seemed to be controlled by the same gene d47. 5. The gene for the culm length of the "Tongil" cultivar which is derived from the Dee-Geo-Goo-Gen was analysed for its linkage relationship with A,Pp,Pn, and Pau gene. It was conformed that they are linked with the semi-dwarf gene d47 with the recombination value of 24.8,35.1,40.9,and 42.9 respectively in the Takahashi's linkage group III.

P.K肥料 및 栽培時期의 差異에 따른 쌀 Amylose含量의 變異

崔震龍,金正敎,許文會 慶尙大學校 1976 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

쌀의 amylose 含量이 栽培環境 特히 P·K 肥料와 栽培時期에 따라서 어떻게 變異하는가를 究明하기 爲해서 P·K 를 0.12, 24kg/10a의 3水準으로 하고 N를 12kg/10a로 固定시킨 후, 栽培時期를 普通期와 晩期로 區分하고, 6個 品種/系統을 使用하여 행한 試驗에서 얻은 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 쌀 amylose含量 P·K 肥料에 따라서 各品種의 反應에는 一定한 傾向을 發見할 수 없었다. 2. 쌀 amylose含量은 P·K 肥料處理에 依하여 有意的인 變異를 나타내지 못하였다. 3. 晩期栽培한 벼는 普通期裁培한 벼에 비하여 쌀 amylose含量이 增加하였다. In order to find out the effect of P and K ferilizers and cultivating seasons onthe variability of amylose aontent in rice(Oryza sativa L.) 9 treatment composed of teh combination of three levelsof phosphorous and potassium ferilizers at the fixed nitrogen level were made in two cultivating seasons, ordinary and late, with six varieties/lines. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Any tendency was not found among the responses of amylose content of varieties/lines to P·K fertilizations. 2. Amylose content of rice grain was not significantly variated by P.K treatments. 3. Late season cultture showed higher amlylose content than ordinary one.

雄性不稔을 利用한 水稻 雜種品種 開發 Ⅵ. japonica型 水稻에서 細胞質的-遺傳子的 雄性不稔 및 稔性回復系統 育成

Mun Hue Heu(許文會),Hee Jong Koh(高熙宗) 한국육종학회 1990 한국육종학회지 Vol.22 No.2

This study was conducted to develop the Japonica hybrid rice. Twelve CGMS lines were bred by backcrossing the corresponding maintainers to COA-ms, the CGMS stock obtained from the introduced Japonica hybrid seed. The CGMS lines showed significantly late heading date and shorter culm length compared with the maintainer, varying more or less with years and lines. Male-sterile cytoplasm of COA-ms was proved to be different from that of WA, TN1, Gam, Di, and 0. spontanea type. None of 337 Japonica rice cultivars tested showed complete fertility restoration in seed setting when crossed to COA-ms, and 261 cultivars out of them were found as complete maintainers. In F₁ nursery, two F₁ plants which showed complete fertility-restoration for COA-ms were found in a cross, COA-ms/Fukuhikari, and three lines having restorer gene were selected in their F₄ progenies. GP15-6, one of them, was crossed to eight Japonica cultivars, and 138 homo-restorer lines were developed via anther culture of the F₁’s, consequently. Developed CGMS-restoration system was found to be gametophytic.

水稻 耐鹽性 系統 育成

Mun Hue Heu(許文會),Hee Jong Koh(高熙宗) 한국육종학회 1991 한국육종학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Six salt tolerant lines were bred by pedigree method from the crosses of semi-dwarf glutinous line wx817-1-65-2-1 and salt tolerant cultivar Pokkali. Salt tolerance of developed lines were nearly the same as that of Pokkali. They showed the characteristics of early heading, semi-dwarfness, glabrous leaf, medium-large and glutinous grain. Number of filled grains and grain yield per hill of the lines were greatly higher than those of check cultivars. The lines were expected to be promising salt tolerant cultivars and parents for “wx-Carrier Technique” so far.

水稻 品種間 交雜에 있어서 稈長의 遺傳分離 ⅩⅡ. 優性短桿 遺傳子 D-53의 遺傳分離

Mun Hue Heu(許文會),Yong Kwon Kim(金容權),Hee Jong Koh(高熙宗),Byung Heui Kwon(權秉喜) 한국육종학회 1988 한국육종학회지 Vol.20 No.2

A rice genetic stock F₁ 282, which has D-53 gene (formerly reported as Dk-3 by Iwata), was crossed with three dwarf cultivars Seolak, Fukei 71 and Waesung #5, one recessive tall cultivar Davis 80 and two ordinary cultivars PI #1 and Onne mochi, and their culm and internode lengths were tested for their parents, F₁S and F₂S. The culm length of F₁S plants of the crosses F₁ 282/PI #1 and F₁ 282/Davis 80 were shorter than their dwarf parent, meaning that the dwarfness of F₁ 282/Waesung #5 and F₁ 282/Onne mochi were taller than their taller parent, implying that there are some genetic interactions between the two parental genotypes. The F₁ plants of the crosses F₁ 282/Seolak and F₁ 282/Fukei 71 were as short as their parents. For the culm length of F₂S, in the crosses F₁282/Seolak and F₁282/Fukei 71, the segregation ratio of short;tall=13;3 were observed. In the cross of F₁ 282/PI #1, the ratio was short;tall=3 : 1, and in the cross F₁ 282/Davis 80 it was short : tall =15 : 1. In the cross of F₁ 282/Waesung #5 the ratio was short : tall= 3 : 13, and in the cross F₁ 282/Onne mochi no distinct segregation pattern was observed. In all the crosses, the liguless segregated normally. This may imply that no distorted segregation due to gametic competition or improper population size etcetra was involved.