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Dudem, Bhaskar,Mule, Anki Reddy,Patnam, Harishkumar Reddy,Yu, Jae Su Elsevier 2019 Nano energy Vol.55 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Recently, wearable and flexible triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attracted tremendous research interest owing to their ability to harvest the energy from working environments and been further utilized to power various portable electronics. In this regard, for the first time, we report a polyaniline (PANI)-based flexible and wearable TENG in low-processing cost with superior electrical performance and durability. The cotton textile with good flexibility and intertwined micro-fibrous network is utilized as a scaffold to deposit PANI by a facile, cost-effective and low-temperature in-situ polymerization method. Moreover, the fibrous textured cotton textile can also offer high surface roughness, which enhances the output performance of TENG. Herein, this PANI coated worn-out cotton textile (PANI@WCT) is employed as a positive triboelectric material and electrode to design a TENG. The PANI@WCT produced at the deposition time of 20 h is realized as an optimal sample to attain high output performance. The electrical stability and mechanical durability of PANI@WCT-based TENG (PW-TENG) are also examined under long-term cyclic compression operations and various mechanical deformation cycles. Furthermore, the PANI@WCT has a potency in constructing vertical contact-separation dual-electrode mode TENG as well as it also serves as a single-electrode mode. So, the electrical output performance of single-electrode mode PW-TENG is also analyzed while it makes a contact with various materials available in our daily life. Finally, to demonstrate the practical applications of PW-TENG, the generated power is used to drive various portable electronics for wearable electronic applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We reported a polyaniline-based flexible and wearable TENG in low-processing cost with superior performance. </LI> <LI> It exhibited a stable electrical performance even after long-term compression and mechanical deformation operations. </LI> <LI> PANI@WCT has a potency in constructing the dual-electrode mode as well as a single-electrode mode TENG. </LI> <LI> Finally, the PW-TENG was employed to drive various portable electronics for wearable electronic applications. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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Do Child Abuse and Maltreatment Increase Risk of Schizophrenia?
Lucia Sideli,Alice Mule,Daniele La Barbera,Robin M. Murray 대한신경정신의학회 2012 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.9 No.2
IntroductionaaAlthough childhood abuse is a recognised risk factor for depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance misuse, its role in the aetiology of psychotic disorder remained controversial. This is in part because the putative effect of childhood trauma on psychosis has been mostly evaluated by small, cross sectional, uncontrolled studies that raised methodological issues. MethodsaaPapers concerning the association between childhood trauma and psychotic disorders (to November, 2011) were identified using a comprehensive search of PubMed, Psychinfo, and Scopus and analysing reference list of relevant papers. A narrative synthesis was used to summarise results. ResultsaaAn association between childhood abuse and psychotic symptoms was consistently reported by large cross sectional surveys with an effect ranging from 1.7 to 15. However, we cannot conclude that the relationship is causal as lack of longitudinal studies prevent us from fully excluding alternative explanations such as reverse causality. Gender, cannabis use, and depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms appear to moderate the effect of childhood trauma on psychotic disorders. However, specificity of childhood abuse in psychotic disorders and, particularly, in schizophrenia has not been demonstrated. ConclusionaaAlthough the association between childhood abuse and psychosis has been replicated, the etiological role of such early adversity has yet to be fully clarified. So far none of the studies reported support the hypothesis that childhood abuse is either sufficient or necessary to develop a psychotic disorder. It seems likely that any effect of childhood abuse on schizophrenia needs to be understood in terms of genetic susceptibility and interaction with other environmental risk factors. IntroductionaaAlthough childhood abuse is a recognised risk factor for depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance misuse, its role in the aetiology of psychotic disorder remained controversial. This is in part because the putative effect of childhood trauma on psychosis has been mostly evaluated by small, cross sectional, uncontrolled studies that raised methodological issues. MethodsaaPapers concerning the association between childhood trauma and psychotic disorders (to November, 2011) were identified using a comprehensive search of PubMed, Psychinfo, and Scopus and analysing reference list of relevant papers. A narrative synthesis was used to summarise results. ResultsaaAn association between childhood abuse and psychotic symptoms was consistently reported by large cross sectional surveys with an effect ranging from 1.7 to 15. However, we cannot conclude that the relationship is causal as lack of longitudinal studies prevent us from fully excluding alternative explanations such as reverse causality. Gender, cannabis use, and depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms appear to moderate the effect of childhood trauma on psychotic disorders. However, specificity of childhood abuse in psychotic disorders and, particularly, in schizophrenia has not been demonstrated. ConclusionaaAlthough the association between childhood abuse and psychosis has been replicated, the etiological role of such early adversity has yet to be fully clarified. So far none of the studies reported support the hypothesis that childhood abuse is either sufficient or necessary to develop a psychotic disorder. It seems likely that any effect of childhood abuse on schizophrenia needs to be understood in terms of genetic susceptibility and interaction with other environmental risk factors.
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Shin-HeeKim,Ki-MuLee,HyoShinKim,GyuSeungLee,전병화,김광진,박진봉 대한약리학회 2003 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.7 No.6
Endothelins secreted from keratinocytes are intrinsic mitogens and melanogens of human melanocytes in UVB-induced hyperpigmentation. To elucidate the cellular mechanism of antimelanogenic activity of bamboo extract, the effects of three ingredients of bamboo extract on endothelin 1 (ET-1)-induced Ca 2+ mobilization were investigated in cultured human melanocytes. ET-1 receptors in human melanocytes were characterized by using specific antagonist, and ET-1 was found to increase intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ( [Ca 2+ ] i ) by activating ET-B receptor. SM709 (1,2-O-diferulyl-glycerol), an ingredient of bamboo extract, inhibited ET-1-induced [Ca 2+ ] i increase in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, although another ingredients SM707 and SM708 had no effect on ET-1-induced [Ca 2+ ] i increase in human melanocytes. SM709 ( 100μM ), however, did not affect [Ca 2+ ] i increase induced by thapsigargin and caffeine, suggesting that SM709 has no effect on the Ca 2+ store in melanocytes. Furthermore, SM709 did not affect [Ca 2+ ] i increase induced by LPA or ATP, known as G protein-mediated PLC activators like ET-1. Taken together, it is suggested that SM709 antagonizes ET-1-induced transmembrane signaling through ET-B receptor, which maybe a possible underlying mechanism of antimelanogenic activity of bamboo extract in human melanocytes. Endothelins secreted from keratinocytes are intrinsic mitogens and melanogens of human melanocytes in UVB-induced hyperpigmentation. To elucidate the cellular mechanism of antimelanogenic activity of bamboo extract, the effects of three ingredients of bamboo extract on endothelin 1 (ET-1)-induced Ca2+ mobilization were investigated in cultured human melanocytes. ET-1 receptors in human melanocytes were characterized by using specific antagonist, and ET-1 was found to increase intracellular Ca2+ concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) by activating ET-B receptor. SM709 (1,2-O-diferulyl-glycerol), an ingredient of bamboo extract, inhibited ET-1-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, although another ingredients SM707 and SM708 had no effect on ET-1-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase in human melanocytes. SM709 ($100{\mu}M$), however, did not affect $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase induced by thapsigargin and caffeine, suggesting that SM709 has no effect on the Ca2+ store in melanocytes. Furthermore, SM709 did not affect $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase induced by LPA or ATP, known as G protein-mediated PLC activators like ET-1. Taken together, it is suggested that SM709 antagonizes ET-1-induced transmembrane signaling through ET-B receptor, which maybe a possible underlying mechanism of antimelanogenic activity of bamboo extract in human melanocytes.
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Dudem, Bhaskar,Kim, Dong Hyun,Mule, Anki Reddy,Yu, Jae Su American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.28
<P>Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology is an emerging field to harvest various kinds of mechanical energies available in our living environment. Nowadays, for industrial and large-scale area applications, developing the TENG with low device processing cost and high electrical output is a major issue to be resolved. Herein, we designed a TENG with low cost by employing the microgrooved architectured (MGA)-poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE; Teflon) and aluminum as triboelectric materials with opposite tendencies. Moreover, the MGA-PTFE was fabricated by a single-step, facile, and cost-effective thermal imprinting lithography technique via micropyramidal textured silicon as a master mold, fabricated by a wet-chemical etching method. Therefore, designing the TENG device by following these techniques can definitely reduce its manufacturing cost. Additionally, the electrical output of TENG was enhanced by adjusting the imprinting parameters of MGA-PTFE. Consequently, the MGA-PTFE was optimized at an imprinting pressure and temperature of 5 MPa and 280 °C, respectively. Thus, the TENG with an optimal MGA-PTFE polymer exhibited the highest electrical output. A robustness test of TENG was also performed, and its output power was used to drive light-emitting diodes and portable electronic devices. Finally, the real application of TENG was also examined by employing it as a smart floor and object-falling detector.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
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Graham, Sontyana Adonijah,Dudem, Bhaskar,Mule, Anki Reddy,Patnam, Harishkumarreddy,Yu, Jae Su Elsevier 2019 Nano energy Vol.61 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Harvesting mechanical energy from daily life human activities has gained tremendous interest, along with the concept of waste to wealth which has been also a major concern from a few decades. In this regards, firstly, we fabricated microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) particles from the squandered cotton and they were further dissolved into biocompatible polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to develop a triboelectric material. The resultant cellulose loaded PVA film (CPF) was employed as a positive triboelectric material to design a coin-cell type TENG, whereas the Kapton was used as a negative material. Design of such TENG using CPF can reduce the processing cost and is also significant to incorporate the waste cotton into an energy harvesting device. Besides, the effect of electrical output performance of CPF-based prototype TENG (CPF-<I>p</I>TENG) as a function of the concentration of MCC particles loaded into PVA was also systematically studied and optimized. Thus, the CPF-<I>p</I>TENG with the 2.5 wt% of cellulose added into PVA exhibited a stable and high electrical output. The electrical performance of CPF-<I>p</I>TENG was further enhanced by introducing the microarchitectures on the surface of CPF, and it exhibited comparatively very high voltage, current and power density values of ∼600 V, 50 μA and 84.5 W/m<SUP>2</SUP>, respectively. Finally, to demonstrate the practical or commercial applications, a MACPF-based coin-cell type TENG (i.e., MACPF-<I>cc</I>TENG) was developed to harvest the mechanical energies available in daily human life by placing it under the human-foot medial arch, which can be further utilized as a self-power system to drive various portable electronics.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We reported a dynamic conversion of squandered cotton into microarchitectured triboelectric films with low processing cost. </LI> <LI> Using these films, a coin-cell type TENG was fabricated, which exhibited a high and durable electrical output. </LI> <LI> Such coin-cell type TENG was placed under medial arch of human foot to harvest various human actions. </LI> <LI> Human foot medial arch was first time proposed as the perfect location for the coin-cell type TENG. </LI> <LI> It also employed as a self-powered system to drive various portable electronics. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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