Long second toe: its nail and skin changes

( Geun-hwi Park ),( Woo-il Kim ),( Min-young Yang ),( Won-ku Lee ),( Tae-wook Kim ),( Sung-min Park ),( Hyun-joo Lee ),( Gun-wook Kim ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2

Background: Nail can be affected by trauma, infection, and systematic disorders. In particular, the toe nails are exposed to the repeated and cumulative minor traumas, which usually result in thickened, splitted, and discolorated nails. Considering these, it can be inferred that the long second toe can be related to various nail and skin changes by repeated minor traumas such as friction in shoes, but the study or report on this topic hasn’t been done yet. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to introduce various nail and skin changes on long second toe. Methods: We analyzed the kinds of nail/skin changes of 50 patients with long second toe, enrolled at Pusan National University Hospitals (Busan and Yangsan) from 2013 to 2018. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence of left and right toe and toenail, and 7 (14%) patients presented bilateral distribution. The most common nail change on long second toe was melanonychia (23, 46%), followed by subungual hematoma (15, 30%), onycholysis (2, 4%), subungual hyperkeratosis (2, 4%), onychomadesis (1, 2%), and retronychia (1, 2%). The most common skin change was corn (9, 18%), followed by paronychia (2, 4%). Twenty (20/50, 40%) patients also had other toe or toenail changes. Among them, the most common site was big toe/nail (13, 62%), and the most common change was subungual hematoma (8, 42%). Conclusion: Through this study, the dermatologists can recognize and diagnose the nail and skin changes of long second toe.

4분과 : 미래 기후변화 시나리오에 따른 우리나라 소나무 임부의 재적 추정

김문일 ( Moon Il Kim ),이우균 ( Woo Kyun Lee ),( Gui Shan Gui ),( Hang Nan Yu ),최솔이 ( Sol E Choi ),김창길 ( Chang Gil Kim ),권태성 한국임학회 2014 한국산림과학회지 Vol.103 No.1

본 연구는 우리나라 주요 수종인 소나무림을 대상으로 RCP(Representative Concentration Pathway)8.5 시나리오에 따른 임목 재적의 시·공간적 변이를 예측하기 위해 수행되었다. 전국 규모의 예측을 위해 5차임상도와 국가산림자원조사 자료를 이용하였으며, 기후와 공간의 변이가 임목 생장에 미치는 영향을 반영하기 위해 기상 및 지형인자를 반영한 생장모형을 적용하였다. 모형의 검증을 위해 시, 도별 산림통계와 모형 결과를 비교한 결과, 비교적 높은 적합도를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 기후변화를 고려하였을 때, 소나무림의 임분 재적은 현재 131 m3/ha에서2050년에는 212.42 m3/ha까지 증가 할 것으로 예측되었으며, 현재의 기후가 유지될 경우에는 221.92 m3/ha까지 증가할 것으로 예측되었다. 기후변화의 영향으로 인해 일부 고산지대를 제외한 대부분의 지역에서 소나무림의 생장률이감소할 것으로 예측되었으며, 특히 해안지역과 남부지역에서 생장률의 감소가 클 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 통해 기후변화가 소나무림 생장에 미치는 영향을 시·공간에 따라 정량화 할 수 있었으며, 이는 기후변화 적응을 고려한 산림관리 및 시업계획을 수립하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다. The main purpose of this study is to measure spatio-temporal variation of forest tree volume basedon the RCP(Representative Concentration Pathway) 8.5 scenario, targeting on Pinus densiflora forests which is the main tree species in South Korea. To estimate nationwide scale, 5th forest type map and National Forest Inventory data were used. Also, to reflect the impact of change in place and climate on growth of forest trees, growth model reflecting the climate and topography features were applied. The result of the model validation, which compared the result of the model with the forest statistics of different cities and provinces, showed a high suitability. Considering the continuous climate change, volume of Pinus densiflora forest is predicted to increase from 131 m3/ha at present to 212.42 m3/ha in the year of 2050. If the climate maintains as the present, volumeis predicted to increase to 221.92 m3/ha. With the climate change, it is predicted that most of the region, except for some of the alpine region, will have a decrease in growth rate of Pinus densiflora forest. The growth rate of Pinus densiflora forest will have a greater decline, especially in the coastal area and the southern area. With the result of this study, it will be possible to quantify the effect of climate change on the growth of Pinusdensiflora forest according to spatio-temporal is possible. The result of the study can be useful in establishing the forest management practices, considering the adaptation of climate change.

Case Reports : Papular Mucinosis Associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

( Woo Jin Lee ),( Gyeong Hun Park ),( Sung Eun Chang ),( Mi Woo Lee ),( Jee Ho Choi ),( Kee Chan Moon ),( Jai Kyoung Koh ) 대한피부과학회 2008 Annals of Dermatology Vol.20 No.4

Papulonodular mucinosis (PNM) is a rare variant of lupus erythematosus (LE) eruptions, and PNM is characterized histologically by diffuse dermal mucin without any typical epidermal inflammatory changes. We herein describe a case of papular mucinosis that was characterized by several erythematous papules on the lower back of a 32-year-old man with systemic LE. It is interesting that he didn`t display any other skin manifestations of LE such as malar rash, discoid rash and photosensitivity during the previous 2 years. He achieved remission of his PNM without recurrence after 5 months treatment with topical steroids, in addition to receiving systemic antimalarials and steroids. (Ann Dermatol (Seoul) 20(4) 233∼236, 2008)

Low-level Green and Red Laser Treatment of Shaochong (HT9)·Dadun (LR1) and Shaohai (HT3)·Yingu (KI10) Acupoints in a Rat Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Na, Chang-Su,Kim, Wang-In,Jang, Ho-Sun,Youn, Dae-Hwan,Moon, Young-Min,Jeong, Sung-Ho,Cheon, Min-Woo The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2015 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.16 No.2

Low level laser therapy (LLLT) has facilitated an improvement in acupuncture treatment. In this study, we stimulated Shaochong (HT9), Dadun (LR1), Shaohai (HT3), and Yingu (KI10) acupoints with pulsed laser diodes 532 nm [green laser] and 658 nm [red laser] in rats with induced middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO). The animals were divided into 6 groups: intact control; MCAO control without LLLT; LLLT with red laser at HT9·LR1 and HT3·KI10 (RR); LLLT with green laser at HT9·LR1 and HT3·KI10 (GG); LLLT with green laser at HT9·LR1 and red laser at HT3·KI10 (GR); and LLLT with red laser at HT9·LR1 and green laser at HT3·KI10 (RG). We evaluated the immunohistochemical changes in the hippocampal CA1 region, and complete blood count changes. Compared to the MCAO control group, the RG group showed a significant decrease in Bax and cytochrome c levels in the hippocampus, and a significant increase in hemoglobin level, hematocrit, total white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and erythrocyte counts.

미래 기후변화 시나리오에 따른 우리나라 소나무와 참나무 임분의 탄소흡수량 추정

김문일 ( Moon Il Kim ),이우균 ( Woo Kyun Lee ),최솔이 ( Sol E Choi ),유동훈 ( Dong Hoon Ryu ),김창길 ( Chang Gil Kim ) 한국임학회 2014 산림과학 공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.-

본 연구는 우리나라 주요 수종인 소나무와 참나무를 대상으로 RCP 8.5 시나리오와 산림 생장모형, 제5차 임상도를 이용하여 2020년에서 2050년까지의 미래 탄소 흡수량 변화를 예측하고, 이에 따라 두 수종의 미래 탄소 흡수량의 감소가 나타나는 취약 지역을 예측하기 위하여 수행되었다. 시 도별 산림통계와 모형의 결과를 비교한 결과, 비교적 높은 적합도를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 본 모형을 이용하여 추정한 탄소 흡수량은 현재와 기후가 같다고 가정하였을 때, 2050년 소나무 4.01(std. 1.42), 참나무는 4.38 tCO2/ha/year(std. 1.42)으로 2020년과 비교하여 각각 18.7%, 27.6% 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 기후변화를 고려하였을 때에는 2050년 소나무 3.00(std. 2.42), 참나무가 5.82(std. 2.51) tCO2/ha/year으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 소나무와 참나무의 탄소 흡수량 변화를 추정할 수 있었으며, 이를 이용하여 미래 탄소 흡수 기능 취약지역을 분석 할 수 있었다. 이는 향후, 기후변화 적응을 위한 산림 분야의 정책 및 산림 관리 계획에 있어 기초 자료로서 활용될 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study was to predict of the carbon sequestration about Quercus spp. and P.densiflora 2020 to 2050 and vulnerable area such as decrease carbon sequestration by using RCP 8.5 scenarios and forest growth model, 5th forest type map. The comparison result between the province forest statistic data and predict data which is data from growth model showed a high suitability. The carbon sequestration was estimated using by two assumption. one of the result, which was assumed the future climate same current climate was appeared P.densiflora 4.01 (std. 1.42), Quercus spp. 4.38tCO2/ha (std. 1.42) in 2050. Each result decrease 18.7, 27.6 percent compared with 2020. another result, which is assumed the climate change in the future was appeared P. densiflora 3.00 (std. 2.42), Quercus spp. 5.82 (std. 2.51) tCO2/ha. Through this study we predicted not only carbon sequestration change but also, the vulnerable area about carbon sequestration function. The result of the study can be useful for the adaptation policy and forest management of climate change.

1901년 제주 ‘신축교안’의 선교사적 고찰

문창우(Chang Woo Moon) 전남대학교 종교문화연구소 2006 종교문화학보 Vol.2 No.-

신축교안은 한국 근대 역사의 역사적인 연장선상에서 벌어진 큰 사건이다. 따라서 이는 제주에 국한된 지역적 문제가 아니었고 전국적인 문제였다. 또한 이는 종교와의 갈등에서 생긴 제주도민의 삶과 죽음의 문제와 연결된 것이다. 교회가 정치, 사회, 경제, 문화적인 차원에서 이러한 문제에휩싸이게 된 것은 사실 다른 여러나라의 선교지에서 이미 일어났던 일이었고, 이는 당시 교회의 자기 실재에 대한 교회론적인 인식의 부족에서 생겨났음을 반성해야 한다 . 종교가 선교를 빌미로 자신의 이익을 추구하며 종교적 집단이기주의 및배타주의를 형성하고 대화를 거부하는 데서, 선교의 근본의미를 망각하는데서, 무조건 사람들을 끌어오는 것만을 선교라고 이해하는 데서, 종교의 폐단이 나타난다. 선교는 종교를 이런 폐단에서 구할 과제를 안고 있다. 신축교안 당시 폭력이 발생했다는 것은 제주도 문화와 종교(그리스도교)의 만남이 되지 못했다는 표시이다. 사실은 그리스도교의 지난 역사를 돌이켜볼 때 이런 종교의 폭력 현상이 늘 발견된다. 그리스도교가 하느님과 인간 ,그리고 인간끼리의 일치와 화해를 부르짖으며 내걸었던 복음화가 실제로는그곳 문화를 이해하기보다는 서구문화를 모방하기 위한 수단으로, 그래서서구 그리스도교의 일방적인 문화우월주의를 주장하며 다른 민족문화를 경시하고 극복하는 것으로 이해된 적이 많았다. 제2차 바티칸공의회는 신학의 토착화라는 이름으로 그동안 교회가 타종교와 문화적 가치들에 대해 보여주었던 배타적 독선주의를 지양하고, 이들안에서 작용하는 하느님의 구원역사를 인정하면서 적극적인 대화의 자세를취하는 현격한 변화를 드러내었다. 이러한 변화된 자세의 맥락 속에서 신앙의 토착화에 대한 필요성이 제기된 것이다. 하느님의 말씀이 구체적인 역사와 지리를 배경으로 해서 인간의 형상을취하신 ‘육화’를 그 신학적 원리로 하는 토착화는 일회적으로 계시된 복음의 진리를 여러 종교 문화권의 체험 체계 내지 사상 체계로 표현하여서 복음의 본연의 의미가 보다 적절하게 선포되고 생활화될 수 있게 하기 위한작업이다. 다시 말해서 ‘토착화’는 복음의 메시지와 지역문화를 중재하는것을 의미한다. 그러기에 토착화 신학은 무엇보다도 삶의 자리를 규정하는문화 속으로 육화(肉化)하시는 복음에 대한 성찰에서 시작한다.신축교안 당시도 교회가 오늘날의 공의회 정신이 아니고 세상이 교회로부터 배운다는 논리를 무조건 가르쳐주려 한 요구가 있어 왔다. 참으로 교회가 제주도(문화)로부터 배운 것이 무엇인가를 생각한다면 올바른 교회의 자세를 찾게 된다. 배운 것이 있다면 교회가 변할 수 있게 된다. 그러나 단지교회가 자신들의 요구를 관철시키려고만 한다면 교회는 변하지 않는 태도를 보이는 것이다. 교회는 세상 사람들을 교회라는 좁은 틀로 속박시키고그들의 삶의 터전을 빼앗는 것과는 거리가 멀어야 한다. 복음화(선교)는 타인의 인정과 대화를 그 근본내용으로 하고 있다. 그런데 신축교안 당시 교회는 그러한 변하는 모습이 없었다. 오늘날 우리가 자신들의 입장을 호교론적인 차원에서 제시한다면 여전히똑같은 상황이 전개될 뿐이다. 따라서 여기서 벗어남이 우리의 과제일 것이다. 선교 역사에 있어서 그리스도교의 우월성은 남을 인정하지 않는 태도이다. 신축교안 당시 겉으로는 경제적인 착취(조세부담 등)를 빌미로 하나 그 이면에는 종교가 등장한다. 여기에서 배타성과 우월성을 지닌 태도들이니 분위기간에(교회-제주문화의 만남) 감정만 남는다. 교회가 이러한우월적인 주장의 태도를 지닌다면 배타적인 모습으로써 나타난다. 즉 신당을 없애거나 자신들과 다른 것을 미신 취급하는 모습은 자신만의 중요성을드러내는 것이다. 또한 신축교안 때 교회와 제주도(문화)와의 만남이 있게 되는데, 여기서발생한 많은 희생자들의 죽음은 성인(聖人)의 모습을 생각하게 한다. 우리는 성인에 대해서 생각할 때 단지 교회를 위해 희생하신 분으로만 생각하는 경우가 많다. 그런데 국 가적으로도 성인이 아니라면 이는 뭔가? 성인이라면 국가를 위해서도 성인이어야 한다. 즉 교회의 성인은 이 땅을 위해서도 뭔가 기여함이 있어야 하는 것이다. 따라서 세상이 교회를 위해서도 죽고 교회도 세상을 위해서 뭔가 기여함이 있어야 하는 것이다. 따라서 세상이 교회를 위해서도 죽고 교회도 세상을 위해서 죽을 수 있어야 하는 것이다. 참으로 교회도 세상을 위해 있느냐가 중요한 것이다. The ‘Sin․chuk․kyo․an’(diplomatic issue at 1901) is the big matter in the modern history of Korea on the historical flow. so that It is not a matter of Jeju province but the whole country. And this conflict of religion is the problem of 'To be or not to be' for Jeju island people. Actually The reason that the church fall in the this kind of matter on political․social․economical․cultural, was the ordinary ones in others missionary places also. We should reflect the fact that the problem is happened cause in the insufficient of the theological understanding about the church itself. The corrupt practice in religion is growed by the religion seeking a profit cause in missionary, making the religious egoism, denying conversation, forgetting the basic meaning of missionary, thinking the missionary that is just gathering persons. The missionary has the task that saving the church in this corrupt practice. The fact that the appearance of violence in 'Sin․chuk․kyo․an' is the evidence of disconnecting of between the religion(Catholic) and the culture of Jeju island. In fact, this kind of violent state was always discovered in christian church's history. christian church's evangelism always insist the harmony and the reconciliation between The God and human, one and the others. But actually the church not understand the regional culture but transmit the western culture to the other regions, and so sometimes the christian church was understanded the one-side cultural superiority that neglecting the racial culture by region people. The vatican concilium Ⅱ tried to remove the exclusive selfrighteousness in the name of the aboriginality on christian faith that about the regional cultures and religions. And more over the christian church recognize the working of the God's salvation in the regional cultures and religion, so the church remarkable changed and take a place to conversation with others. In this kind of alteration, the necessary of the aboriginality on faith was needed. Aboriginality base on the theological principle(incarnation) that the word of God take the position figures of human, in the midst of concrete history and geography for a background. Aboriginality on faith is the work of to express by variety expression that based on religion-cultural experience structures and thought structures so that the real meaning of Gospel is set up by proper announce and life style. In short, ‘Aboriginality’ is the arbitration between the message of Gospel and regional cultures. Therefore the theology of aboriginality is started by that selfexamination of the incarnation of Gospel to the ‘sitz im leben’ of regional cultures. At that time of ‘Sin․chuk․kyo․an’, the church had been minded the world must learn from the church, it is not the idea of the vatican concilium Ⅱ. If the church will know that what was the teaching from the culture of Jeju island in historical experience, the church will be find a right way in missionary but just will try to carry out the demand of church, the church's manner will not change. The church should be departed from to restrain that the people into narrow matrix and to carry off their life places. Aboriginality (missionary) is base on the acknowledgement and conversation with others. But at a moment of ‘Sin․chuk․kyo․an’, the church had not been this kind of manner. Now days if we present our standpoints on just the church's viewpoint, same situation will be shape up. so to take off this state is the task of the church. In the history of missionary, the christian church's superiority mean the attitude that disregard to others. At that time of 'Sin․chuk․kyo․an', the economical squeezing(taxation) was the aim of face, but the religion was the aim of mind. In this conditions, the sens of exclusiveness and superiority break out the conflict in emotions between the church and the culture of Jeju. If the church continually insist this kind of superio

Differences in Resumption of Orthopedic Surgery According to Characteristics of Surgery during COVID-19 Pandemic: National Registry Data

Hyung Jun Park,Moon Jong Chang,Tae Woo Kim,Chong Bum Chang,Seung-Baik Kang 대한정형외과학회 2023 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.15 No.2

Background: Healthcare services have been restricted after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. With the pandemic still ongoing, the patterns of orthopedic surgery might have changed. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the reduced volumes of orthopedic surgery were recovered over time. Among the trauma and elective surgery, which accounted for most orthopedic surgical procedures, we also sought to elucidate whether the changes in the volumes of orthopedic surgery differed according to the type of surgery. Methods: The volumes of orthopedic surgery were analyzed using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service of Korea databases. The surgical procedure codes were categorized depending on the characteristics of the procedures. The actual volumes of surgery were compared with the expected volumes to elucidate the effect of COVID-19 on surgical volumes. The expected volumes of surgery were estimated using Poisson regression models. Results: The reducing effect of COVID-19 on the volumes of orthopedic surgery weakened as COVID-19 continued. Although the total volumes of orthopedic surgery decreased by 8.5%–10.1% in the first wave, those recovered to a 2.2%–2.8% decrease from the expected volumes during the second and third waves. Among the trauma and elective surgery, open reduction and internal fixation and cruciate ligament reconstruction decreased as COVID-19 continued, while total knee arthroplasty recovered. However, the volumes of hemiarthroplasty of the hip did not decrease through the year. Conclusions: The number of orthopedic surgeries, which had decreased due to COVID-19, tended to recover over time, although the pandemic was still ongoing. However, the degree of resumption differed according to the characteristics of surgery. The findings of our study will be helpful to estimate the burden of orthopedic surgery in the era of persistent COVID-19.

Usefulness of Skin Explants for Histologic Analysis after Fractional Photothermolysis

( Gyeong Hun Park ),( Sung Eun Chang ),( Seunghyun Bang ),( Kwang Hee Won ),( Chong Hyun Won ),( Mi Woo Lee ),( Jee Ho Choi ),( Kee Chan Moon ) 대한피부과학회 2015 Annals of Dermatology Vol.27 No.3

Background: Fractional laser resurfacing treatment has been extensively investigated and is widely used. However, the mechanism underlying its effects is poorly understood because of the ethical and cosmetic problems of obtaining skin biopsies required to study the changes after laser treatment. Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of human skin explants for the investigation of fractional photothermolysis. Methods: Full-thickness discarded skin was treated in 4 ways: no treatment (control), fractional carbon dioxide laser, fractional Er:YAG laser, and fractional 1,550-nm erbium- doped fiber laser. Both treated and non-treated skin samples were cultured ex vivo at the air-medium interface for 7 days. Frozen tissue was sectioned and stained with hematoxylin & eosin for histologic examination and nitro blue tetrazolium chloride for viability testing. Results: Skin explants cultured for up to 3 days exhibited histologic changes similar to those observed in in vivo studies, including microscopic treatment zones surrounded by a thermal coagulation zone, re-epithelialization, and formation of microscopic epidermal necrotic debris. However, the explant structure lost its original form within 7 days of culture. The viability of skin explants was maintained for 3 days of culture but was also lost within 7 days. Conclusion: The skin explant model may be a useful tool for investigating the immediate or early changes following fractional photothermolysis, but further improvements are required to evaluate the long-term and dermal changes. (Ann Dermatol 27(3) 283∼290, 2015)

P177 Dermoscopic findings during the course of β -blocker treatment for infantile hemangioma

( Jin-hwa Son ),( Hyun-ju Jin ),( Hyang-suk You ),( Woo-haing Shim ),( Jeong-min Kim ),( Gun-wook Kim ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ) 대한피부과학회 2016 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.68 No.2

<div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div> Background: Dermoscopy is a useful tool for examining morphology and structure of blood vessels in vascular skin lesions like infantile hemangioma (IH). However, dermoscopic findings are not fully elucidated in the course of β-blocker treatment for IH. Objectives: To investigate changes of dermoscopic findings during the course of β-blocker treatment for IH. Methods: Superficial or mixed-type IH patients treated with topical timolol solution or oral propranolol were enrolled in Pusan National University Hospitals (Busan and Yangsan) from November 2011 to January 2016. Clinical photograph and dermoscopic findings were recorded and assessed at the baseline, 1, 2, 3 and 6 months. Results: Total 115 patients (male: 38 and female: 77 / superficial type: 48 and mixed type: 67 / timolol: 77 and propranolol: 38) were included. Diffuse light erythema tended to be diminished but milky-red area increased gradually during the course of treatment. The patients treated with oral propranolol showed more prominent changes on each dermoscopic findings than those treated with topical timolol (p=0.023 and p=0.018, respectively). But, other findings like red-globular vessels, red-dot vessels, red-circulated vessels, red-linear vessels did not show significant changes. Conclusion: Dissolution of diffuse light erythema and increase of milky-red area were significant dermoscopic findings in accordance with clinical improvement after β -blocker therapy for IH.

Gene Expression Analysis of the Bromobenzene Treated Liver with Non-hepatotoxic Doses in Mice

Lim, Jung-Sun,Jeong, Sun-Young,Hwang, Ji-Yoon,Park, Han-Jin,Cho, Jae-Woo,Song, Chang-Woo,Kim, Yang-Seok,Lee, Wan-Seon,Moon, Jin-Hee,Han, Sang-Seop,Yoon, Seok-Joo The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2005 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.1 No.4

Bromobenzene (BB) is well known hepatotoxicant. Also, BB is an industrial solvent that arouses toxicity predominantly in the liver where it causes centrilobular necrosis. BB is subjected to Cytochrome P450 mediated epoxidation followed by either conjugation with glutathione, enzymatic hydrolysis or further oxidation. In this study, we focused on BB-induced gene expression at non-hepatotoxic dose. Mice were exposed to two levels of BB, sampled at 24 h, and hepatic gene expression levels were determined to evaluate dose dependent changes. When examining the toxic dose of BB treated group in other previous studies, genes related to heat shock protein, oxidative stress, and drug metabolism are expressed. Compared to these results, our study, in which non-toxic dose of BB was administrated, showed similar patterns as the toxic conditions above. The purpose of the study was to select genes that showed changes in relation to the differing dose through confirmation of the difference within transcriptomic boundaries, but those that are not detected by the existing classic toxicology tools in non-hepatotoxic dose.