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Montserrat Iborra,Javier Tejero,Carles Fite,Eliana Ramirez,Fidel Cunill 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.78 No.-
The liquid-phase synthesis of butyl levulinate by esterification of levulinic with an excess of 1-butanol(initial molar ratio 1:3) and simultaneous water removal has been studied at atmospheric pressure and atthe boiling point of the reacting medium. The catalytic performance of ten commercial sulfonic resins hasbeen compared: four gel-type and six macroreticular. For both type of resins the levulinic acid conversionwas complete after 4–6 h and no byproducts derived from the acid were detected. Selectivity of 1-butanoltowards the ester was about 95%, di-butyl ether and butenes being the detected 1-butanol-derivedbyproducts. Among the tested catalysts, gel-type resins with low crosslinking degree showed the highestactivity, what could be attributed to a higher accessibility to active centers in polar medium. In additionalexperiments where initial reactants content was at stoichiometric relation, the levulinic acid conversionwas lower (82–85%), while selectivity of 1-butanol towards the ester was slightly higher, because of thelower 1-butanol concentration.
Selecting Investments in Start-ups: an OWA-based Methodology
Montserrat Casanovas,Jordi Pla 동아시아경상학회 2015 The East Asian Journal of Business Economics Vol.3 No.2
Investment process on startup companies faces several difficulties based on the characteristics of this type of companies, such as lack of historical data, current operating losses and absence of comparable companies. In this paper we focus in a new methodology based on ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operators. OWA operators are useful instruments that enable the aggregation of information; in other words, from a data set we are able to obtain a single representative value of that set. The investment methodology presented consists on the application of OWA operators to the targeted startup companies based on the capacity of cash-flow generation and also on the planned scenario of future growth for each company. This paper shows that the methodology proposed can serve as a valuable tool, complementing the qualitative criteria (which, obviously, should not be ignored) for assessing and selecting a start-up investment.
Gallart, Montserrat,Mas, M. Teresa,Verdu, Antoni M.C. The Korean Society of Weed Science and The Turfgra 2010 Weed Biology and Management Vol.10 No.2
Knowledge of weed population dynamics is crucial for designing effective weed management practises. A field experiment was carried out at Torre Marimon (near Barcelona, north-eastern Spain) in 2006 and 2007 in order to study the effects of the seedling emergence time on Digitaria sanguinalis fitness. Three and four cohorts were monitored in 2006 and 2007, respectively. In 2007, the seedling density was fourfold greater than in 2006. At the end of the growing season, no statistically significant differences in survival were detected among the cohorts in 2006 (the mean survival rate was 88%); in contrast, in 2007, individual survival varied depending on the cohort, ranging from 25-88%. The reproductive traits and seed production were significantly influenced by the emergence time. In the cohorts that emerged very close in time, the individuals of the first cohort on average had more than threefold the amount of seed production than those of the last cohort. However, not all the surviving individuals were able to reproduce because they were infected by the smut, Ustilago syntherismae.
On diameter preserving linear maps
Antonio Aizpuru,Montserrat Tamayo 대한수학회 2008 대한수학회지 Vol.45 No.1
We study diameter preserving linear maps from C(X) into C(Y) where X and Y are compact Hausdorff spaces. By using the extreme points of C(X)* and C(Y)* and a linear condition on them, we obtain that there exists a diameter preserving linear map from C(X) into C(Y) if and only if X is homeomorphic to a subspace of Y. We also consider the case when X and Y are noncompact but locally compact spaces. We study diameter preserving linear maps from C(X) into C(Y) where X and Y are compact Hausdorff spaces. By using the extreme points of C(X)* and C(Y)* and a linear condition on them, we obtain that there exists a diameter preserving linear map from C(X) into C(Y) if and only if X is homeomorphic to a subspace of Y. We also consider the case when X and Y are noncompact but locally compact spaces.
Determination of Oxalate Content in Herbal Remedies and Dietary Supplements Based on Plant Extracts
Roswitha Siener,Montserrat Lopez-Mesas,Manuel Valiente,Francisco Blanco 한국식품영양과학회 2016 Journal of medicinal food Vol.19 No.2
Lifestyle, especially diet, is a prominent risk factor that affects the formation of calcium oxalate stones. Urinary oxalate excretion is directly related to the amount of oral intake and intestinal absorption rate of oxalate. This work evaluated the possibility of increasing oxalate ingestion, which could lead to secondary hyperoxaluria, associated with the intake of herbal remedies and dietary supplements containing plant extracts. A wide variety of 17 commercially available drugs and dietary supplements were analyzed using ion chromatography. The results showed remarkable differences in oxalate contents of the extracts. Total oxalate concentrations ranged from 0.03 to 2.2 mg/g in solid samples and from 0.005 to 0.073 mg/mL in liquid samples. The selected herbal remedies and dietary supplements containing plant extracts represent only a low risk for calcium oxalate stone formers, if the recommended daily dose is not exceeded.