Wet Cupping — Traditional Hijamah Technique versus Asian Cupping Technique in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial

Sulaiman M. Al-Eidi,Ashry Gad Mohamed,Raid A. Abutalib,Abdullah M. AlBedah,Mohamed K.M. Khalil 사단법인약침학회 2019 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.12 No.6

To evaluate the feasibility of comparing the effect of the traditional Hijamah and the Asian wet cupping techniques in the management of patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP), a randomized clinical trial comparing traditional and Asian wet cupping techniques for CLBP was conducted in two secondary care hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Seventy eligible participants with CLBP were randomized to receive one session of wet cupping using either Asian technique (34 patients) or traditional Hijamah technique (36 patients). Cupping was performed at four sites of the bilateral bladder meridian (BL23, BL24, and BL25). The numeric rating scale, Present Pain Intensity, and Oswestry Disability Questionnaire scores were measured immediately after intervention, at seven days, and 14 days after intervention. In both groups, there was a significant decrease in the numeric rating scale, Present Pain Intensity, and Oswestry Disability Questionnaire scores, immediately after intervention, at seven days, and 14 days after intervention. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups across all the outcome measures up to 14 days after intervention. The study did not show a superiority of one technique compared with the other. Longer follow-up periods and more than one cupping session may be needed to evaluate the difference, if any, between both the techniques. Trial Registration: NCT02012205.

Impact of Lockdown on Air Pollutants during COVID-19 at Patna, India

Mohammed Aasif Sulaiman,Mohammad Masroor Zafar,Nishat Afshan,Anupma Kumari 한국대기환경학회 2021 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.15 No.4

Many countries shut their borders, imposed nationwide lockdown, and restricted several anthropogenic activities to arrest the spread of COVID-19. In the present study, the concentration of several air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, NH3, SO2, CO and O3) during different phases of lockdown from monitoring stations of Patna was analyzed to assess the effect of lockdown restriction on air quality. Reduction in PM2.5, NH3, NO2, PM10 and CO concentration was observed by 59.79%, 58.2%, 49.49%, 39.57% and 24.04%, respectively during the lockdown period. National Air Quality Index (NAQI) value in the year 2020 had been observed to lower by 57.88% compared to the year 2019, during the same period. A more significant fall in the concentration of air pollutants was observed during the early phase of post-lockdown compared to the late stages of postlockdown. The study reflects the significance of restriction on anthropogenic activities in improving air quality and provides clues for future action plans for improving air quality.

Studies of methanol electro-oxidation with ternary wet-chemically prepared ZCSO hexagonal nanodiscs with electrochemical approach

Mohammed M. Rahman,M.M. Alam,Abdullah M. Asiri,Sulaiman Y. M. Alfaifi,Hadi M. Marwani 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.106 No.-

High performance acute toxic methanol sensor based on hydrothermally prepared hexagonal nanodiscs(NDs) of ZnO/CdO/SnO2 (ZnCdSnO2 or ZCSO) was fabricated onto glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The characterizationof ZCSO NDs in-terms of functional group analysis, binding energy evaluation, oxidationstates, optical absorbance, crystallinity, structural morphology, and elemental compositions were performedby FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–visible spectroscopy, XRD,FESEM-coupled-EDS analysis respectively. The current versus concentration plot was exhibited linearon a wide range of methanol concentration (0.01 nM to 0.1 mM) clarified as linear dynamic methanoldetection range (LDR). Considering the ZCSO NDs-coated surface area onto GCE over the slope of LDR,noticeable methanol sensor sensitivity (4.5475 mA mM1 cm2) was perceived. Besides this, a considerablelower limit (7.69 ± 0.38 pM) of detection at signal/noise = 3 is obtained. The overall results of methanolchemical sensor were found with satisfactory and acceptable results in terms of their reproducibility,sensitivity, stability, and response-time. Additionally, the assembled ZCSO NDs-coated electrode was validatedwith real environmental samples and result was found good and acceptable. On considering theoutcome of applicability and the way of this sensor assembling, this unique method might be a potentialtechnique in the field of portable sensor development for the safety of environmental and healthcarefields in a broad scale.

Arbitration Award via Modern Technical means in Saudi Arabia

Mohammed Sulaiman Alnasyan International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2023 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.23 No.7

This study deals with arbitration award via modern technical means; because e-Arbitration is deemed to be one of the most important substitute means for the settlement of disputes arising from electronic transactions. This type of arbitration is characterized by fast settlement of disputes, as well as fast enforcement of awards rendered thereon. The researcher seeks to indicate the content of the award, the conditions for rendering it, and to analyze the legal provisions related to its legal basis in the Saudi Law of Arbitration. This study shows that an arbitration award, rendered via modern technical means has a number of advantages, such as fast settlement, less cost, and keeping pace with modern technology, which is an aim of Saudi Arabia Vision 2030. The study also points out certain problems facing arbitration via technical means; however, the most important of which is the insufficiency of some legal rules associated with traditional arbitration, as contained in the Saudi Law of Arbitrator, which are incompatible with or applicable to an arbitration award which is rendered via modern means.

Ultra-sensitive, selective and rapid carcinogenic Bisphenol A contaminant determination using low-dimensional facile binary Mg-SnO2 doped microcube by potential electro-analytical technique for the safety of environment

Mohammed M. Rahman,Jahir Ahmed,Abdullah M. Asiri,Sulaiman Y. Alfaifi 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.109 No.-

Herein, a novel composite material (Magnesium co-doped Tin (IV) oxide; MTO) microcube was synthesizedby a simple solution method in basic phase and successfully characterized. It has been used theFourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), X-rayDiffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), and Energy-DispersiveSpectroscopy (EDS) techniques for the characterization of MTO. The MTO microcube was used later tomodify gold-coated l-chips to detect unsafe toxin, bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous medium. Notable sensingperformance was achieved with excellent sensitivity (1.63 mAmM1cm2), fast response time (11 s),wide linear dynamic range (LDR = 0.10 nM – 1.0 mM: R2 = 0.9997), ultra-low detection limit (2.7 ± 0.1 pMat S/N = 3) and excellent reproducibility and repeatability for the MTO/Au/l-Chip sensor. This MTO fabricatedgold-coated l-chip was further applied with appropriate quantification and determination resultsin real environmental sample analyses.

Metathesis of 2-pentene over Mo and W supported mesoporous molecular sieves MCM-41 and SBA-15

Mohamed Ali Ibrahim,Muhammad Naseem Akhtar,Ji rí Cejka,Erica Montanari,Hynek Balcar,Martin Kubu,Sulaiman S. Al-Khattaf 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.53 No.-

Molybdenum and tungsten oxides were supported on silica, MCM-22, MCM-41 and SBA-15. XRD and N2 adsorption–desorption revealed that architecture and textural character of supports were preserved. The catalysts were investigated in transformation of 2-pentene at different reaction temperatures. MoO3/ MCM-22 exhibited highest conversions with isomerization and cracking as major reactions. MoO2(acac)2, MoO3 and WO3 supported on MCM-41 and SBA-15 showed metathesis reaction of 2-C5 = producing propylene, C4 = and C6+ =as major products. Catalysts based on MCM-41 exhibited higher activity and stability than SBA-15. Addition of ethylene to 2-C5 = increased selectivity to propylene due to metathesis of ethylene with 2-pentene.

Ethanol to hydrocarbons using silver substituted polyoxometalates: Physicochemical and catalytic study

Mohamed Mokhtar,Tarek T. Ali,Sulaiman N. Basahel 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.1

Thermally stable and insoluble silver salts of 12-molybdophosphoric acid with varying amount of Agcations were prepared. XRD results indicated the presence of single phase of AgxH3xPMo12O40(0 < x < 3). FTIR and Raman results indicated that Ag was incorporated in the secondarystructure of Keggin ion. The catalytic conversion of ethanol increased in the order ofH3PMo > Ag2PMo > Ag1PMo > Ag3PMo. Pure H3PMo is highly selective to dimethyl ether formation;in contrast AgxH3-xPMo12O40 catalysts offered better ethylene selectivity. The pyridine adsorptionstudies revealed that increase of Ag incorporating led to increase the Lewis acid sites.

New Text Steganography Technique Based on Part-of-Speech Tagging and Format-Preserving Encryption

Mohammed Abdul Majeed,Rossilawati Sulaiman,Zarina Shukur 한국인터넷정보학회 2024 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.18 No.1

The transmission of confidential data using cover media is called steganography. The three requirements of any effective steganography system are high embedding capacity, security, and imperceptibility. The text file's structure, which makes syntax and grammar more visually obvious than in other media, contributes to its poor imperceptibility. Text steganography is regarded as the most challenging carrier to hide secret data because of its insufficient redundant data compared to other digital objects. Unicode characters, especially non-printing or invisible, are employed for hiding data by mapping a specific amount of secret data bits in each character and inserting the character into cover text spaces. These characters are known with limited spaces to embed secret data. Current studies that used Unicode characters in text steganography focused on increasing the data hiding capacity with insufficient redundant data in a text file. A sequential embedding pattern is often selected and included in all available positions in the cover text. This embedding pattern negatively affects the text steganography system's imperceptibility and security. Thus, this study attempts to solve these limitations using the Part-of-speech (POS) tagging technique combined with the randomization concept in data hiding. Combining these two techniques allows inserting the Unicode characters in randomized patterns with specific positions in the cover text to increase data hiding capacity with minimum effects on imperceptibility and security. Format-preserving encryption (FPE) is also used to encrypt a secret message without changing its size before the embedding processes. By comparing the proposed technique to already existing ones, the results demonstrate that it fulfils the cover file's capacity, imperceptibility, and security requirements.

The future of integrative health and medicine in Saudi Arabia

Mohamed K.M. Khalil,Sulaiman Al-Eidi,Meshary Al-Qaed,Saud AlSanad 한국한의학연구원 2018 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.7 No.4

Saudi Arabia is witnessing a healthcare transformation to face the challenges of the increased burden of noncommunicable diseases and to maintain the quality of healthcare services. However, in Saudi Arabia, where low back and neck pain, depressive disorders, migraine, diabetes, and anxiety disorders cause the most disability, a broader way of integrative health approach is needed to foster healthy lives and promote well-being for all ages. In the presence of the advanced modern medicine healthcare system in Saudi Arabia, the traditional medicine healing system is being used by a substantial proportion of Saudis but like a shadow healthcare system. This phenomenon of using two healthcare systems reflects a need for an integrative healthcare system. Integrative medicine or approach is about bringing traditional, complementary, and modern medicine in a harmonized system of healthcare which can give a high return and save cost. The rationale behind integrative medicine is to include the best practices of both conventional and complementary therapy, uniting these practices into an integrative approach. Pain management, care of cancer patients, and behavior change are among the leading areas of integration models that should be included in healthcare transformation in Saudi Arabia. Investment in behavior change and well-being outside the boundaries of the healthcare system in the Saudi 2030 vision will have more impact on health and wellness of the Saudi citizen in the face of the epidemics of the lifestyle diseases. Models of integrative medicine during the healthcare transformation can be developed, evaluated, and replicated.

Cupping therapy in Saudi Arabia: from control to integration

Mohamed K.M. Khalil,Sulaiman Al-Eidi,Meshary Al-Qaed,Saud AlSanad 한국한의학연구원 2018 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.7 No.3

Cupping therapy or Hijamah is a leading traditional practice after spiritual healings and herbal medicine in Saudi Arabia. Wet cupping is by far the most common type of cupping therapy. Hijamah in Saudi Arabia and other Muslim countries is a model of religious influences, interconnectivity, and cross-cultural influences between different civilizations. Accordingly, differentiating the cupping practiced in Saudi Arabia, and other Muslims societies from that practiced in other countries like China, by Korea only by the technique or cupping sites is an underestimation of the differences. In Saudi Arabia, the profile or characteristics of cupping therapy user is distinct from the profile of other traditional medicine users by being more educated, with higher job rank and not affected by nationality or gender. After an era of unregulated practice, cupping therapy is currently regulated and monitored by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the Ministry of Health (NCCAM/MOH) of Saudi Arabia. Regulations and licensing include practitioners, practice place, and cupping equipment. After regulation, cupping is mainly offered by the private sector and paid directly by the client as insurance does not cover it. In the private sector, licensed cupping service is usually provided as a parallel and not an integrated service. However, there are few models of integrated cupping clinic in universities, academic institutions, and governmental hospitals. Further health system research is needed to develop more models of integrated cupping service pending for the healthcare transformation which is going on in Saudi Arabia.