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      • Clinicopathologic Profile of Breast Cancer Patients in Pakistan: Ten Years Data of a Local Cancer Hospital

        Khokher, Samina,Qureshi, Muhammad Usman,Riaz, Masooma,Akhtar, Naseem,Saleem, Afaf Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.2

        Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer of women worldwide, with considerable geographic and racial/ethnic variation. Data are generally derived from population based cancer registries in the developed countries but hospital data are the most reliable source in the developing countries. Ten years data from 1st Jan 2000 to 31st Dec 2009 of a cancer hospital in Pakistan were here analyzed by descriptive statistics to evaluate the clinicopathologic profile of local breast cancer patients. Among 28,740 cancer patients, 6,718 were registered as breast cancer. The female to male ratio was 100:2. Breast cancer accounted for 23% of all and 41% of female cancers. Some 46% were residents of Lahore, with a mean age of $47{\pm}12$ years. Less than 1% were at Stage 0 and 10%, 32%, 35% and 23% were at Stage I, II, III and IV respectively. Histopathology was unknown in 4% while 91%, 2% and 1% had invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and mucinous carcinoma respectively. Rare carcinomas accounted for the rest. Tumor grade 1, 2 and 3 was 11%, 55% and 34% among the known. Profile of breast cancer patients in Pakistan follows a pattern similar to that of other developing countries with earlier peak age and advanced disease stage at presentation. The male breast cancer accounts for higher proportion in the local population. Local women have higher frequency of IDC and lower frequency of ILC and DCIS, owing probably to a different risk profile. Use of hospital information systems and establishment of population based cancer registry is required to have accurate and detailed local data. Promotion of breast health awareness and better health care system is required to decrease the burden of advanced disease.

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        Metathesis of 2-pentene over Mo and W supported mesoporous molecular sieves MCM-41 and SBA-15

        Mohamed Ali Ibrahim,Muhammad Naseem Akhtar,Ji rí Cejka,Erica Montanari,Hynek Balcar,Martin Kubu,Sulaiman S. Al-Khattaf 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.53 No.-

        Molybdenum and tungsten oxides were supported on silica, MCM-22, MCM-41 and SBA-15. XRD and N2 adsorption–desorption revealed that architecture and textural character of supports were preserved. The catalysts were investigated in transformation of 2-pentene at different reaction temperatures. MoO3/ MCM-22 exhibited highest conversions with isomerization and cracking as major reactions. MoO2(acac)2, MoO3 and WO3 supported on MCM-41 and SBA-15 showed metathesis reaction of 2-C5 = producing propylene, C4 = and C6+ =as major products. Catalysts based on MCM-41 exhibited higher activity and stability than SBA-15. Addition of ethylene to 2-C5 = increased selectivity to propylene due to metathesis of ethylene with 2-pentene.

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