독일과 한국토양중에서 Bentazon 의 잔류물의 생물에 의한 이용

이재구,Fuhr, F,Mittelstaedt, W 한국환경농학회 1987 한국환경농학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Benzene環이 균일하게 標識된 ^(14)C-Bentazon(5.02 ㎎/㎏)을 재배직전에 처리한 독일 및 한국의 토양 (T-0)에서 21일간 생육한 옥수수는 처리된 방사능의 36.0∼42.8%를 흡수하였다. 반면 ^(14)C-Bentazon으로 처리하고 105일 동안 전배양(pre-incubation)한 토양(4.79∼4.84㎎/㎏) (T-1)에서는 8.2∼14.2%를 흡수하였으며 추출이 불가능한 잔류물을 만들기 위하여 105일 동안 전배양한후 증류수와 0.01M CaCl₂ 수용액으로 방사능을 완전히 추출한 토양(5.56∼7.95㎎/㎏) (T-2)에서는 1.8∼2.3%를 흡수하였다. 흡수된 방사능의 지상부와 뿌리간의 분포는 각각 2.7∼9.7%와 90.3∼97.3%이었다. 옥수수 뿌리를 유기용매로 추출한 결과 T-0에서는 39.l∼51.3%, T-1 에서는 55.7∼63.1%가 뿌리에 강력하게 흡착 또는 결합되어 있음을 알 수 있고 이것은 Bentazon과 그의 극성대사물질들이 접합체의 형태로 뿌리에 존재함을 암시해 준다.

독일과 한국토양 중에서 Bentazon 잔류물의 형성

이재구,Fuhr, F,Mittelstaedt, W 한국환경농학회 1987 한국환경농학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Benzene環이 균일하게 표지된 제초제 ^(14)C-Bentazon(3-isopropyl-2, 1, 3-benzothiadiazin-4-one-2, 2-dioxide)을 서독과 한국의 토양에 5.51 ㎎/㎏과 25.05㎎/㎏의 두 수준으로 처리하여 23±1℃에서 105일간 호기적으로 배양했을때 두 토양에서 모두 ^(14)CO₂로 분해되는 속도는 주당 0.6%와 0.2%이었다. Bentazon을 처리한 토양을 용매로 추출한 결과 증류수가 가장 우수한 용매임이 밝혀졌고 용매로 추출이 불가능한 Bentazon 토양 잔류물은 25.05 ㎎/㎏을 처리한 토양에서보다는 5.51 ㎎/㎏을 처리한 토양에서 모두 최초 시용량에 대하여 보다 높은 비율로 형성되었다. Benzene-ring-labelled ^(14)C-Bentazon(3-isopropyl-2, 1, 3-benzothiadiazin-4-one-2, 2-dioxide) incubated aerobically in a German and a Korean soil at application rates of 5.51 and 25.05㎎/㎏ was mineralized to ^(14)CO₂ at average rates of 0.6% and 0. 2%/week, respectively, in both soils, in the absence of plants. Distilled water was the most suitable solvent for the extraction of Bentazon-treated soils. Extraction results disclosed that higher percentages of non-extractable residues were formed in the lower concentration of 5.51㎎/㎏ than in the higher concentration of 25.05㎎/㎏, relative to the initial concentrations.

Use of Lysimeters for Determining Pesticide Fate in Agroecosystems

F . Fuhr,W . Mittelstaedt,T . Putz,A . Stork,M . Dust 한국응용생명화학회(구 한국농화학회) 1995 한국응용생명화학회 학술발표회 Vol.1995 No.2

Are segmented fracture zones weak? Analytical and numerical models constrain anomalous bathymetry at the Clarion and Murray fracture zones

Morrow, Thomas A.,Mittelstaedt, Eric,Kim, Seung-Sep Elsevier 2019 Earth and planetary science letters Vol.512 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Between 150°W and 135°W, the Clarion Fracture Zone (FZ) coalesces from six discrete FZ traces to a single FZ over a period of ∼30 million years, coinciding with a change in plate motion that placed the associated transform fault (TF) in compression. Between 160° and 157°, the Murray FZ is also comprised of several closely-spaced (<50 km) discrete FZs and the associated TF experienced similar transpressional motion. Analysis of newly collected bathymetry data along the Clarion and Murray FZs reveals FZ structures that are inconsistent with predictions from a simple locked fault thermal subsidence model. These structures include FZ-bounded lithosphere that dips towards the old side of the FZ, whereas locked fault models predict it should dip towards the young side, and reversed fault scarp relationships where younger lithosphere lies deeper than older lithosphere. We investigate these anomalous observations using a combination of analytical and numerical models of two closely-spaced fracture zones to test how FZ strength and tectonic motions (compression or extension) affect the evolution of the intra-transform lithosphere. Our models predict that interior blocks within a segmented FZ, initially in isostatic equilibrium, can develop anomalous tilts and scarp depth relationships if the intervening FZs are relatively weak. Model results suggest that unusually low apparent coefficients of friction (<0.01) and tectonic compression are required to reproduce the magnitude of reverse tilt and scarp reversals observed in the Clarion and Murray FZs. We suggest that these low apparent friction coefficients might be the result of near lithostatic pore-fluid pressures associated with compression and alteration processes. Our results provide a tool to constrain histories of tectonic compression across FZs in places where rotation poles or other measures of plate motion may not be well constrained. Our results also imply that FZs are tectonically weak regions of hydrothermal alteration that may carry large volumes of volatiles into the mantle when subducted.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> New bathymetry at two FZs reveals structures inconsistent with locked fault models. </LI> <LI> Numerical and analytical models suggest features require weak fracture zones. </LI> <LI> Required weakness suggests pore fluid pressures approaching lithostatic values in FZ. </LI> </UL> </P>

Blended Learning Approaches to Enhance Gender Mainstreaming

Claudia Wiepcke,Ewald Mittelstaedt,Andreas Liening 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2008 Asian Women Vol.24 No.4

At the German labour market gender inequalities exist with respect to occupation. In order to counteract these inequalities, it is important to establish a policy of gender mainstreaming also in the area of education and to orient training measures in a gender-sensitive way. But how? The authors introduce the blended learning concept of the further education measure E-Office Managementand show that the consideration of female learning characteristics is possible when developing training measures. The evaluation of E-Office Management illustrates that a gender-sensitive further education measure can contribute to the enhancement of gender mainstreaming. On the basis of the described aspects of blended learning scenarios as well as due to the evaluation results, a set of standard rules for gender-sensitive, computer-assisted learning concepts has been formulated.

Formation of Bentazon Residues in a German and Korean Agricultural Soil

Lee, Jae-Koo,Fuhr, F.,Mittelstaedt, W. The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture 1987 한국환경농학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Benzene환(環)이 균일하게 표지된 제초제 $^{14}C-Bentazon$(3-isopropyl-2, 1, 3-benzothiadiazin-4-one-2, 2-dioxide)을 서독과 한국의 토양에 5.51 ㎎/㎏과 25.05㎎/㎏의 두 수준으로 처리하여 $23{\pm}1^{\circ}C$에서 105일간 호기적으로 배양했을때 두 토양에서 모두 $^{14}CO_2$로 분해되는 속도는 주당 0.6%와 0.2%이었다. Bentazon을 처리한 토양을 용매로 추출한 결과 증류수가 가장 우수한 용매임이 밝혀졌고 용매로 추출이 불가능한 Bentazon 토양 잔류물은 25.05 ㎎/㎏을 처리한 토양에서보다는 5.51 ㎎/㎏을 처리한 토양에서 모두 최초 시용량에 대하여 보다 높은 비율로 형성되었다. Benzene-ring-labelled $^{14}C-Bentazon$(3-isopropyl-2, 1, 3-benzothiadiazin-4-one-2, 2-dioxide) incubated aerobically in a German and a Korean soil at application rates of 5.51 and 25.05mg/Kg was mineralized to $^{14}CO_2$ at average rates of 0.6% and 0. 2%/week, respectively, in both soils, in the absence of plants. Distilled water was the most suitable solvent for the extraction of Bentazontreated soils. Extraction results disclosed that higher percentages of nonextractable residues were formed in the lower concentration of 5.51mg/Kg than in the higher concentration of 25.05mg/Kg, relative to the initial concentrations.

독일과 한국토양중에서 Bentazon 의 잔류물의 생물에 의한 이용

Lee, Jae-Koo,Fuhr, F.,Mittelstaedt, W. 한국환경농학회 1987 한국환경농학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Benzene 환(環)이 균일하게 표식(標識)된 $^{14}C-Bentazon$(5.02 mg/kg)을 재배직전에 처리한 독일 및 한국의 토양 (T-0)에서 21일간 생육한 옥수수는 처리된 방사능의 $36.0{\sim}42.8%$를 흡수하였다. 반면 $^{14}C-Bentazon$ 으로 처리하고 105일 동안 전배양(pre-incubation)한 토양$(4.79{\sim}4.84mg/kg)$ (T-1)에서는 $8.2{\sim}14.2%를 흡수하였으며 추출이 불가능한 잔류물을 만들기 위하여 105일 동안 전배양한후 증류수와 0.01M $CaCl_2$ 수용액으로 방사능을 완전히 추출한 토양$(5.56{\sim}7.95mg/kg)$ (T-2)에서는 $1.8{\sim}2.3%$를 흡수하였다. 흡수된 방사능의 지상부와 뿌리간의 분포는 각각 $2.7{\sim}9.7%와 $90.3{\sim}97.3%이었다. 옥수수 뿌리를 유기용매로 추출한 결과 T-0에서는 $39.l{\sim}51.3%, T-1 에서는 $55.7{\sim}63.1%가 뿌리에 강력하게 흡착 또는 결합되어 있음을 알 수 있고 이것은 Bentazon 과 그의 극성대사물질들이 접합체의 형태로 뿌리에 존재함을 암시해 준다. Maize plants, grown on a German soil and a Korean soil which had treated with benzene-ring-labelled $^{14}C-Bentazon$ (5.02mg/kg) immediately before planting (T-0), took up $36.0{\sim}42.8%$ of the radioactivity present during a 21 day growing period. Plants grown on the same soils $(4.79{\sim}4.84mg/kg)$ which had been treated with Bentazon and pre-incubeted for 105days absorbed $8.2{\sim}14.2%$ (T-1) of the radioactivity. Plants grown in soils $(5.56{\sim}7.95mg/kg)$ treated with Bentazon which had been incubated for 105 days and then exhaustively extracted with distilled water and/or 0.01 M $CaCl_2$ to produce non-extractable residues (T-2) took up $1.8{\sim}2.3%$ of the radioactivity. The distribution of the absorbed radioactivity ranged from 2.7 to 9.7% in shoots and from 90.3 to 97.3% in roots. Extraction of maize roots revealed that $39.1{\sim}51.3%$ of the radioactivity was bound in T-0 and $55.7{\sim}63.1%$ was bound in T-1, This suggests hat polar metabolites and parent Bentazon might be present as conjugates.