Dysregulated Fatty Acid Metabolism in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

( Ming-da Wang ),( Jun Han ),( Hao Xing ),( Han Zhang ),( Zheng Wang ),( Zhen-li Li ),( Liang Lei ),( Chao Li ),( Feng Shen ),( Tian Yang ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Studies are urgently needed on it molecular pathogenesis and biological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Dysregulation of fatty acid (FA) metabolism, in which aberrant activation of oncogenic signaling pathways alters the expression and activity of lipid-metabolizing enzymes, is an emerging hallmark of cancer cells, and it may be involved in HCC development and progression. Methods: We summarize the characteristics of FA metabolism in HCC, focusing on the pathways of FA synthesis, oxidation, uptake and transport. We also provide a brief review of the relationship between NAFLD and HCC development. Results: The current review summarizes the dysregulated FA metabolism in HCC and pathways through which this dysregulation may regulate HCC survival and growth. Aberrant activation of oncogenic signaling pathways regulates the expression and activity of lipid-metabolizing enzymes, thus reprogramming FA metabolism to promote HCC development and progression. Intracellular FAs are required for biosynthesis of most biological membrane lipids and signaling molecules, and are also used to provide energy to support HCCs survival and proliferation, when necessary, through β-oxidation process. HCC cells can employ appropriate metabolic pathways as different situation demands. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and HCC exhibits differential requirement for de novo lipogenesis and distinct response to therapeutic approaches focusing on inhibition of exogenous FA uptake. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease related obesity and diabetes have increasingly emerged as two major factors responsible for the rise in prevalent of HCC. Conclusions: Our understanding of dysregulated FA metabolism and associated signaling pathways may contribute to the development of novel and efficient anti-tumor approaches for patients with HCC.

Geometric Optimization of a Mathematical Model of Radiofrequency Ablation in Hepatic Carcinoma

Wang, Kai-Feng,Pan, Wei,Wang, Fei,Wang, Gao-Feng,Madhava, Pai,Pan, Hong-Ming,Kong, De-Xing,Liu, Xiang-Guan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.10

Radio frequency ablation (RFA) is an effective means of achieving local control of liver cancer. It is a particularly suitable mode of therapy for small and favorably located tumors. However, local progression rates are substantially higher for large tumors (>3.0 cm). In the current study, we report on a mathematical model based on geometric optimization to treat large liver tumors. A database of mathematical models relevant to the configuration of liver cancer was also established. The specific placement of electrodes and the frequency of ablation were also optimized. In addition, three types of liver cancer lesion were simulated by computer guidance incorporating mathematical models. This approach can be expected to provide a more effective and rationale mechanism for employing RFA in the therapy of hepatic carcinoma.

Effects of Oxygen Content on the Simultaneous Microbial Removal of SO2 and NOx in Biotrickling Towers

Xing Chun Wang,Xiao Yi Bi,Pei Shi Sun,Jin Quan Chen,Ping Zou,Xiao Ming Ma,Jing Zhang,Hai Yu Wang,Xiao Yi Xu 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.5

This study uses microbial methods to research the influence of oxygen (O2) content on the removal efficiency of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in a tandem twin-towers desulfurization and denitrification process system. Oxygen can play a significant role in biotrickling towers. Other important factors had already been optimized prior to the study, including inlet concentration, gas flow rate, and temperature. SO2 and NOx were prepared by a chemical method. A gas flow meter was used to regulate nitrogen (N2) that had been stored in steel cylinders. In this way, the O2 content was adjusted in the biotrickling towers by controlling the N2 flow rate. Five gradients of O2 content were selected for investigation, namely 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20%. Results indicated that the SO2 removal efficiency from mixed gas (SO2 and NOx) can reach 100%, from all of the five O2 gradients, in biotrickling towers. In a tandem twin-towers desulfurization and denitrification process system, the NOx removal efficiency and the inlet concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gradually increased as the O2 content increased. Specifically, the average removal efficiency of NOx increased from 49.28 to 80.85% as the O2 content changed from 4 to 20%. The oxygen levels influenced the removal of NOx but the SO2 removal efficiency in mixed gas was always stable.

Overexpression of Chalcone Isomerase (CHI) Increases Resistance Against Phytophthora sojae in Soybean

Jin-ming Zhao;Han Xing,Yang Zhou; Jian-li Huang; Xiao-li Zhang; Long-ming Zhu; Xin-fang Wang 한국식물학회 2018 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.61 No.5

Chalcone isomerase (CHI) is a key enzyme ofthe flavonoid pathway that plays crucial roles in plant responsesto various pathogens. Our previous study using comparativetranscriptome analysis of soybean inoculated with or withoutPhytophthora sojae revealed Glyma.20G241500, a homologof CHI1A in Arabidopsis thaliana, to be induced by P.sojaein soybean. In the present study, we isolated the gene fromsoybean cultivar Nannong 10-1, designating it GmCHI1A. GmCHI1A transcripts were detected in soybean roots, stemsand leaves, with the highest levels in roots. Interestingly,GmCHI1A localizes to the cortical endoplasmic reticulum(ER). GmCHI1A was overexpressed in hairy roots to furtheruncover the roles of CHIs in soybean. Compared to emptyvector-expressing hairy roots (EV) infected with P. sojae,hairy roots overexpressing GmCHI1A (OE) exhibited decreasedP. sojae biomass accumulation, shortened the lesion lengthsand reduced zoospores germination. These results demonstratethat GmCHI1A plays positive roles in the response ofsoybean to P. sojae.

ppGalNAc T1 as a Potential Novel Marker for Human Bladder Cancer

Ding, Ming-Xia,Wang, Hai-Feng,Wang, Jian-Song,Zhan, Hui,Zuo, Yi-Gang,Yang, De-Lin,Liu, Jing-Yu,Wang, Wei,Ke, Chang-Xing,Yan, Ru-Ping Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.11

Objectives: To investigate the effect of glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide GalNAc transferase 1 (ppGalNAc T1 ) targeted RNA interference (RNAi) on the growth and migration of human bladder carcinoma EJ cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods: DNA microarray assays were performed to determine ppGalNAc Ts(ppGalNAc T1-9) expression in human bladder cancer and normal bladder tissues. We transfected the EJ bladder cancer cell line with well-designed ppGalNAc T1 siRNA. Boyden chamber and Wound healing assays were used to investigate changes of shppGalNAc T1-EJ cell migration. Proliferation of shppGalNAc T1-EJ cells in vitro was assessed using [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay and soft agar colony formation assays. Subcutaneous bladder tumors in BALB/c nude mice were induced by inoculation of shppGalNAc T1-EJ cells and after inoculation diameters of tumors were measured every 5 days to determine gross tumor volumes. Results: ppGalNAc T1 mRNA in bladder cancer tissues was 11.2-fold higher than in normal bladder tissues. When ppGalNAc T1 expression in EJ cells was knocked down through transfection by pSUPER-shppGalNAc T1 vector, markedly reduced incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into DNA of EJ cells was observed at all time points compared with the empty vector transfected control cells. However, ppGalNAc T1 knockdown did not significantly inhibited cell migration (only 12.3%). Silenced ppGalNAc T1 expression significantly inhibited subcutaneous tumor growth compared with the control groups injected with empty vector transfected control cells. At the end of observation course (40 days), the inhibitory rate of cancerous growth for ppGalNAc T1 knockdown was 52.5%. Conclusion: ppGalNAc T1 might be a potential novel marker for human bladder cancer. Although ppGalNAc T1 knockdown caused no remarkable change in cell migration, silenced expression significantly inhibited proliferation and tumor growth of the bladder cancer EJ cell line.

Over-expression of GmHAL3 modulates salt stresses tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis

Na Guo,Ming-xia Wang,Chen-chen Xue,Dong Xue,Jin-yan Xu,Hai-tang Wang,Jun-Yi Gai,Han Xing,Jin-ming Zhao;Han Xing 한국식물학회 2016 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.59 No.5

The halotolerance protein HAL3, also known as SIS2, is a yeast protein that regulates the cell cycle and tolerance to salt stress through inhibition of the Ppz1 type 1 protein phosphatase. Although the roles of HAL3 have been demonstrated during the growth, development, and stress adaptation of Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum, the function of HAL3 in other plant species, including soybean (Glycine max), has not been elucidated. In this study, GmHAL3a and GmHAL3b were isolated from Glycine max, and their roles were analyzed. GmHAL3a and GmHAL3b transcripts were detected in the roots, stems, leaves and seeds, with higher levels in the roots, and were induced by sodium chloride (NaCl), lithium chloride (LiCl), sorbitol, cold and ABA treatment. Overexpression of GmHAL3a or GmHAL3b in Arabidopsis accelerated the onset of flowering and resulted in more vigorous seed germination and increased tolerance to NaCl, LiCl, and sorbitol stress in seedlings, compared with wild type (WT) and empty vector control (VC) plants. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants accumulated proline and eliminated superoxide radical (O2 −) in response to the stress. In addition, transcription levels of the stress-related genes RD22 and P5CS1 were substantially higher in transgenic Arabidopsis than in WT and VC plants. Taken together, the data indicate that GmHAL functions as a positive regulator of the response to salt, lithium cations and sorbitol stress.

Study of the Flow Behavior and Defect Formation in Forming of Axisymmetrically Flanged and Multi-Scaled Parts

Ji Lai Wang,Ming Wang Fu,Junxi Yu,Xing Wang,Wenbin Yang 한국정밀공학회 2016 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.17 No.10

In microforming, the quality of microparts is one of the most critical issues. Folding caused by the abnormal material flow is one of the most common flow-induced defects in macroforming process. The identified formation mechanism of flow-induced defects in macro-forming process could be affected by the so-called size effects when the part dimension is scaled down to micro scale. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the influence of size effects on the material plastic flow and deformation behavior in multiscaled deformation scenarios. To explore the formation mechanism of flow-induced defects, FE simulation is used to simulate the forming process. On the other hand, the multi-scaled forming was designed. To study the relationship of the flow-induced defect and sizes effects, forming of the axisymmetric parts with flanged features and different scales was conducted. The microstructure and plastic flow behavior of the deformed parts are also revealed. Based on the experimental and FEM simulation results, the formation of folding defects is mainly affected by the geometries and the sizes of the deformed flanged parts instead of grain sizes. In the cases by using material with coarse grains, the folding defect can be significantly reduced.

Effects of chelated Zn/Cu/Mn on redox status, immune responses and hoof health in lactating Holstein cows

Xue-Jun Zhao,Zhong-Peng Li,Jun-Hong Wang,Xiang-Ming Xing,Zhenyong Wang,Lin Wang,Zhong-Hua Wang 대한수의학회 2015 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.16 No.4

To evaluate the effects of chelated Zn/Cu/Mn on redox status, immune responses and hoof health in lactating Holstein cows, 48 head in early lactation were divided into healthy or lame groups according to their gait score. Cows were fed the same amount of Zn/Cu/Mn as sulfate salts or in chelated forms for 180 days, and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine was injected at day 90. The results showed that lame cows had lower antioxidant function, serum Zn/Mn levels, hair Cu levels, and hoof hardness. Moreover, increased antioxidant status, FMD antibody titers, serum and hair levels of Zn/Cu/Mn, and hoof hardness and decreased milk fat percent and arthritis biomarkers were observed in cows fed chelated Zn/Cu/Mn. In summary, supplementation with chelated Zn/Cu/Mn improved antioxidant status and immune responses, reduced arthritis biomarkers, and increased accumulation of Zn/Cu/Mn in the body and hoof hardness in dairy cows.

Process and product innovarions in vertically differentiated markets with network externalities

Ming-qing Xing,Lai-sheng Wang,Rui-ting Zhang 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2009 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.10

We analyze product and process innovations in a vertically differentiated duopoly in market with externalities. Through assuming process innovation reduces marginal cost and product innovation improves product quality, we find that;(i) product and process innovations are complements (resp.substitutes) for the firm with low (resp. high) quality when the intensity of network externality is small; (ii) process innovation affects product innovation more intensely when exists network externality than not;(iii) network externality makes process R&D (resp. aggregate process R&D) outcome affected by the parameter of product innovation cost ;(iv) aggregate process R&D outcome in industry increases with network intensity; (v) the firm with higher initial efficiency invests more in process innovation and will obtain more demand and profit than the rival in equilibrium.

Comprehensive Analysis of the Dilatation During Bainitic Transformation Under Stress

Ming-xing Zhou,Guang Xu,Li Wang,Zheng-liang Xue,Hai-jiang Hu 대한금속·재료학회 2015 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.21 No.6

The thermal simulation experiments on bainitic transformation were conducted on Gleeble 3800. The microstructures of specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The main purpose is to investigate the relationship between the dilatation of specimens and bainitic transformation under stress. Results show that the radial strain cannot represent the real amount of bainitic transformation under stress because the radial strain contains both shear and dilatational components of invariant plane strain. In this case, the volume strain, which eliminates the influence of the shear components, should be used to analyze the amount of bainitic transformation under stress. In addition, the radial strain should not be used for the investigation of the kinetics of bainitic transformation under stress. For bainitic transformation without stress, the radial strain of the specimen can represent the amount of bainite, and can be used for the analysis of the kinetics of bainitic transformation; so it is not necessary to measure the volume strain. The present study clarifies the relationship between dilatation and the bainitic transformation under stress, and provides a useful reference to the analysis of bainitic transformation under stress.