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Mina Ha(Mina Ha),Taehyun Park(Taehyun Park),Jong-Hyun Lee(Jong-Hyun Lee),Younghee Kim(Younghee Kim),Jungyun Lim(Jungyun Lim),Yong-Wook Baek(Yong-Wook Baek),Sol Yu(Sol Yu),Hyen-Mi Chung(Hyen-Mi Chung) 한국역학회 2023 Epidemiology and Health Vol.45 No.-
OBJECTIVES: Inhalation exposure to humidifier disinfectants has resulted to various types of health damages in Korea. To determine the epidemiological correlation necessary for presuming the legal causation, we aimed to develop a method to synthesize the entire evidence. METHODS: Epidemiological and toxicological studies are systematically reviewed. Target health problems are selected by criteria such as frequent complaints of claimants. Relevant epidemiologic studies are reviewed and the risk of bias and confidence level of the total evidence are evaluated. Toxicological literature reviews are conducted on three lines of evidence including hazard information, animal studies, and mechanistic studies, considering the source-to-exposure-to-outcome continuum. The confidence level of the body of evidence is then translated into the toxicological evidence levels for the causality between humidifier disinfectant exposure and health effects. Finally, the levels of epidemiological and toxicological evidence are synthesized. RESULTS: Under the Special Act revised in 2020, if the history of exposure and the disease occurred/worsened after exposure were approved, and the epidemiological correlation between the exposure and disease was verified, the legal causation is presumed unless the company proves the evidence against it. The epidemiological correlation can be verified through epidemiological investigations, health monitoring, cohort investigations and/or toxicological studies. It is not simply as statistical association as understood in judicial precedents, but a general causation established by the evidence as a whole, i.e., through weight-of-the-evidence approach. CONCLUSIONS: The weight-of-the-evidence approach differs from the conclusive single study approach and this systematic evidence integration can be used in presumption of causation.
Korean Version of the Stroke Rehabilitation Motivation Scale: Reliability and Validity Evaluation
Mina Park,Ji-Yeong Lee,Yeajin Ham,Sang-Wook Oh,Joon-Ho Shin 대한재활의학회 2020 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.44 No.1
Objective To translate the Stroke Rehabilitation Motivation Scale (SRMS), developed to evaluate the motivation level of stroke patients during rehabilitation, into the Korean language and to verify the reliability and validity of the Korean version of SRMS (K-SRMS). Methods The K-SRMS was developed following a structured process that included translation, verification, compromise assessment, reverse translation, feedback, and final correction. K-SRMS reliability was evaluated by performing internal consistency and test–retest analyses. The reliability test was conducted in 50 stroke patients. Its validity was assessed by comparing the K-SRMS with the scale and performing exploratory factor analysis. The validity test was conducted in 102 stroke patients. Results The test–retest analysis showed good reliability, and the internal consistency of the K-SRMS was similar to that of the original version for all, except 4, items. Thus, these 4 items were excluded, and then the validity test was conducted. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that the K-SRMS score was significantly correlated with the BAS total score (Pearson r=0.207, p<0.05). In the exploratory factor analysis, K-SRMS items were categorized into 7 groups (factors), and factors 1 and 4 showed mutual concordance with K-SRMS subscales, including intrinsic motivation factors and amotivation, respectively. Conclusion The newly developed K-SRMS showed good reliability and validity. It could also be used as a tool to objectify the degree of motivation for rehabilitation among stroke patients in clinical care and research.
Large area thermal light emission from autonomously formed suspended graphene arrays
Park, Mina,Lee, Aram,Rho, Ho Kyun,Lee, Seoung-Ki,Bae, Sukang,Jeon, Dae-Young,Lee, Dong Su,Kim, Tae-Wook,Im, Yeon-Ho,Lee, Sang Hyun Elsevier 2018 Carbon Vol.136 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Since its discovery, the existence of graphene, a 2D extract of graphite, has been in the spotlight in the field of optoelectrical physics. Suspended graphene is potentially an ideal structure for utilizing intrinsic properties of the graphene by reducing the hindrance due to interaction with substrate. Here, an autonomous fabrication of suspended graphene is proposed where it only requires a single transfer which yields multiple arrays of micron-scale suspended graphenes all at once. Large area graphene sheets transferred onto a substrate of array-patterned 3D-electrodes easily tear into pieces due to the strain gradients induced by the step heights of the electrode patterns, and each torn graphene piece takes its position between individual electroplated Cu-microgap electrode pairs. With the absence of long-range scattering from randomly charged impurities in the substrate and the correspondingly enhanced carrier mobility of suspended graphene, our novel structure is demonstrated for the application of a visible light-emitting device. It is observed that the electrically driven thermal emission spectra spans the blue side of the visible band, which corresponds to a temperature of above 3000 K. The facile access to mass production of suspended graphene can bridge the current 2D materials research to the wide field of electronics and optoelectronics.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Polarized micro-cavity organic light-emitting devices
Park, Byoungchoo,Kim, Mina,Park, Chan Hyuk The Optical Society 2009 Optics express Vol.17 No.9
<P>We present the results of a study of light emissions from a polarized micro-cavity Organic Light-Emitting Device (OLED), which consisted of a flexible, anisotropic one-dimensional (1-D) photonic crystal (PC) film substrate. It is shown that luminous Electroluminescent (EL) emissions from the polarized micro-cavity OLED were produced at relatively low operating voltages. It was also found that the peak wavelengths of the emitted EL light corresponded to the two split eigen modes of the high-energy band edges of the anisotropic PC film, with a strong dependence on the polarization state of the emitting light. For polarization along the ordinary axis of the anisotropic PC film, the optical split micro-cavity modes occurred at the longer high-energy photonic band gap (PBG) edge, while for polarization along the extraordinary axis, the split micro-cavity modes occurred at the shorter high-energy PBG edge, with narrow bandwidths. We demonstrated that the polarization and emission mode of the micro-cavity OLED may be selected by choosing the appropriate optical axis of the anisotropic 1-D PC film.</P>
Park, Byoungchoo,Park, Chan Hyuk,Kim, Mina,Han, Mi-young The Optical Society 2009 Optics express Vol.17 No.12
<P>We present the results of a study of highly linear polarized light emissions from an Organic Light-Emitting Device (OLED) that consisted of a flexible Giant Birefringent Optical (GBO) multilayer polymer reflecting polarizer substrate. Luminous Electroluminescent (EL) emissions over 4,500 cd/m(2) were produced from the polarized OLED with high peak efficiencies in excess of 6 cd/A and 2 lm/W at relatively low operating voltages. The direction of polarization for the emitted EL light corresponded to the passing (ordinary) axis of the GBO-reflecting polarizer. Furthermore, the estimated polarization ratio between the brightness of two linearly polarized EL emissions parallel and perpendicular to the passing axis could be as high as 25 when measured over the whole emitted luminance range.</P>