The Efficacy and Safety of Clonazepam in Patients with Anxiety Disorder Taking Newer Antidepressants: A Multicenter Naturalistic Study

Sheng-Min Wang,Jung-Bum Kim,Jeong Kyu Sakong,Ho-Suk Suh,Kang Seob Oh,Jong-Min Woo,Sang-Woo Yoo,Sang Min Lee,Sang-Yeol Lee,Se-Won Lim,Seong Jin Cho,Ik-Seung Chee,Jeong-Ho Chae,Jin Pyo Hong,Kyoung-Uk Le 대한정신약물학회 2016 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.14 No.2

Objective: This study compared the efficacy and tolerability of clonazepam with other benzodiazepines in patients with anxiety disorders. Methods: Inclusion criteria were as follows: age >20 years, diagnosis of anxiety disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria, taking only one type of antidepressant, and prescribed one of three oral benzodiazepines (alprazolam, clonazepam, or lorazepam). At baseline and week 6, clinical benefit was evaluated using the Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S), Clinical Global Impression-Anxiety Scale (CGI-anxiety), and Clinical Global Impression-Sleep Scale (CGI-sleep). Results: Among 180 patients, no differences in demographic characteristics among the three benzodiazepine groups were noted. After six weeks of treatment, all benzodiazepine groups showed significant improvements in CGI-S, CGI-anxiety, and CGI-sleep scores ( p <0.001). There were no differences in mean changes in CGI-S, CGI-anxiety and CGI-sleep among the three benzodia-zepine groups. The incidence of side effects was significantly lower in the clonazepam group than with the other benzodiazepines. The incidences of adverse events for the clonazepam, alprazolam, and lorazepam groups were 26.7% (n=20), 48.4% (n=31), and 43.9% (n=18), respectively. Conclusion: The present study suggests that clonazepam is as efficacious as other benzodiazepines for the treatment of various anxiety disorders. Furthermore, the safety profile of clonazepam was superior to the other benzodiazepines in this study.

A review of allergic rhinitis in traditional Chinese medicine

Lee, Sang-Chang,Kim, Min-San,Seong, Man-Jun,Choi, Mi-Sun,Kang, Suk-Hoon,Lee, Sheng-Ho,Kim, Jong-Hak,Lee, Young-Seob,Kwon, Dong-Yeul 대한한약학회 2008 Journal of oriental pharmacy Vol.1 No.2

Allergic rhinitis comes within snuffle in Chinese medicine. For generations, physicians have believed that the internal factors that cause this disease are pulmonary tuberculosis, splenic hypofunction and loss of virility, and its external factors are a cold, an uncommon atmosphere and an uncommon flavor. From the viewpoint of Chinese medicine, this symptom was fundamentally cured by "abidance by individuality, locality and seasons", on the basis of demonstration. In result, visceral function was recovered. In Chinese medicine, a disease is etiologically cured by the principles of Wholism and by discriminating among symptoms. In particular, "method for replenishing Qi and securing Exterior" has been widely used among the foregoing therapeutics. According to modern pharmacology, Astragli Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Ledebouriellae Radix all have antihistaminic effects and strengthen of the masticating and swallowing function of the recticuloendothelial system. This disease can be cured by controlling immunity and allergic reactions. Besides, it is necessary to take moderate exercise, to strengthen constitution, to avoid causative substances, to control ingesting flesh, meat and shrimps, to eat little, and to avoid what is cold and raw.

A review of atopic dermatitis in traditional Chinese medicine

Lee, Sang-Chang,Lee, Young-Seob,Seong, Man-Jun,Choi, Mi-Sun,Kang, Suk-Hoon,Lee, Sheng-Ho,Kim, Jong-Hak,Kim, Min-San,Kwon, Dong-Yeul 대한한약학회 2008 Journal of oriental pharmacy Vol.1 No.2

Herbal medicines have an accurate effect on atopic dermatitis, and at the same time, they hardly have adverse reactions. However, herbal medicines are difficult to be quantitatively analyzed due to low-quality preparation and types. In addition, herbal medicines have raised many problems as they have not been standardized and their active components have not been analyzed. Patients with atopic dermatitis began to recognize the effectivity and safety of herbal medicines. Accordingly, standardization, biological analyses, animal experiments and clinical trials should be generally performed in order that herbal medicines may be recognized all over the world. A standard, which is to objectively judge the curative effect of atopic dermatitis, should be established as soon as possible. Case studies and RCTs (Randomized Controlled Trials) should be actively performed on the basis of rigid clinical trial design to the end that the curative effect of herbal medicines is recognized all the world over.

한국형 우울장애 약물치료 알고리듬 2021 (IV) : 여성 및 노인

왕성민(Sheng-Min Wang),박원명(Won-Myong Bahk),우영섭(Young Sup Woo),서정석(Jeong Seok Seo),박영민(Young-Min Park),김원(Won Kim),정종현(Jong-Hyun Jeong),심세훈(Se-Hoon Shim),이정구(Jung Goo Lee),장승호(Seung-Ho Jang),양찬모(Chan-Mo Y 대한신경정신의학회 2021 신경정신의학 Vol.60 No.4

Objectives An expert consensus guideline for the treatment of depressive disorder, the Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Depressive Disorder (KMAP-DD), was first established in 2002 and updated in 2017. To provide an up-to-date treatment guideline, KMAP-DD 2021 was recently completed. This study was undertaken to provide a guideline for the treatment of depressive disorder in a selected population that included females and elderly. Methods The survey conducted consisted of 7 questionnaires for each population, females and elderly, with depressive disorder. A total of 65 of 97 experienced psychiatrists answered the survey. Results For the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, venlafaxine, and desvenlafaxine were recommended as first-line therapies. For major depressive disorder (MDD) during pregnancy, antidepressant (AD) monotherapy was recommended as a first-line therapy for mild to moderate and severe depression, and combined electroconvulsive therapy and AD with atypical antipsychotics (AAP) were recommended as a first-line therapy for severe depression with psychotic features. AD plus AAP was generally recommended for post-partum depression. In elderly with depression, AD monotherapy was recommended as the treatment of choice for mild to moderate episodes, and AD monotherapy and AD plus AAP were recommended as a first-line therapy for severe depression without psychotic features. Lastly, AD plus AAP was chosen as the treatment of choice for psychotic depression. Conclusion Present study provides an updated algorithm for the treatment of females and elderly with depressive disorders. This algorithm provides a practical aid to clinicians for the treatment of females and elderly with MDD.

가중치 공유를 이용한 소프트웨어 카테고리 자동 분류

김민하 ( Min-ha Kim ),심규진 ( Kyoo-jin Shim ),이민수 ( Min-soo Lee ),왕승재 ( Sheng-tsai Wang ),권준혁 ( Jun-hyeok Kwon ),이찬근 ( Chan-gun Lee ) 한국정보처리학회 2020 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.27 No.2

현재까지 심층 학습을 이용하여 텍스트를 자동으로 분류해주는 연구가 활발히 진행되었으며, 특히 소프트웨어 카테고리를 자동으로 분류해주는 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 최근 심층 신경망의 적절한 구조를 효율적으로 탐색할 수 있는 가중치 공유 기법이 연구되었다. 우리는 이를 응용하여 본 논문에서 가중치 공유를 이용한 소프트웨어 카테고리 분류 방법을 제안하며, 여러 실험을 통해 해당 기법의 성능을 측정하고 논의한다.

Development of Random Forest Algorithm Based Prediction Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Neurodegeneration Pattern

JeeYoung Kim,Minho Lee,Min Kyoung Lee,Sheng-Min Wang,Nak-Young Kim,Dong Woo Kang,Yoo Hyun Um,Hae-Ran Na,Young Sup Woo,Chang Uk Lee,Won-Myong Bahk,Donghyeon Kim,Hyun Kook Lim 대한신경정신의학회 2021 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.18 No.1

Objective Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and the prevalence rapidly increased as the elderly population increased worldwide. In the contemporary model of AD, it is regarded as a disease continuum involving preclinical stage to severe dementia. For accurate diagnosis and disease monitoring, objective index reflecting structural change of brain is needed to correctly assess a patient’s severity of neurodegeneration independent from the patient’s clinical symptoms. The main aim of this paper is to develop a random forest (RF) algorithm-based prediction model of AD using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods We evaluated diagnostic accuracy and performance of our RF based prediction model using newly developed brain segmentation method compared with the Freesurfer’s which is a commonly used segmentation software. Results Our RF model showed high diagnostic accuracy for differentiating healthy controls from AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using structural MRI, patient characteristics, and cognitive function (HC vs. AD 93.5%, AUC 0.99; HC vs. MCI 80.8%, AUC 0.88). Moreover, segmentation processing time of our algorithm (<5 minutes) was much shorter than of Freesurfer’s (6-8 hours). Conclusion Our RF model might be an effective automatic brain segmentation tool which can be easily applied in real clinical practice.

Characteristic Risk Factors Associated with Planned versus Impulsive Suicide Attempters

Jaeha Kim,Kang-Sook Lee,Dai Jin Kim,Seung-Chul Hong,Kyoung Ho Choi,Youngmin Oh,Sheng-Min Wang,Hae-Kook Lee,Yong-Sil Kweon,Chung Tai Lee,Kyoung-Uk Lee 대한정신약물학회 2015 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.13 No.3

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate predictors for planned suicide attempters. Methods: This study included 1,003 patients who attempted suicide and visited emergency department. They were divided into two groups, planned suicide attempters (SAs; n=133 [13.3%]) and impulsive SAs (n=870, [86.7%]), and the demographic variables, clinical characteristics, factors related to suicide, and psychiatric resources of the groups were compared. Results: Major depressive disorder and substance use disorders were more common among planned SAs than among impulsive SAs. Additionally, the planned SAs were older, more likely to be divorced, separated or widowed, and more likely to have co-morbid medical illnesses, severe depression, higher suicidality, and self-blaming tendencies than the impulsive SAs. Financial problems and physical illnesses were more common in planned SAs but interpersonal conflicts were more frequent in impulsive SAs. Planned SAs had fewer previous suicide attempts but these were more serious suicide attempts. The presence of the hope to die, a written will, and suicidal ideation of a repetitive, intense, and continuous nature were predictive of planned SAs. Conclusion: The present findings demonstrated that planned SAs had more severe psychopathology and medical illnesses than impulsive SAs. Therefore, screening for depression, substance use disorders, and suicidal plans among old and medically ill patients may be important for preventing suicide attempts.

Association of Alcohol Intake and Fracture Risk in Elderly Varied by Affected Bones: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study

Sheng-Min Wang,Kyung-Do Han,Nak-Young Kim,Yoo Hyun Um,Dong Woo Kang,Hae-Ran Na,Chang Uk Lee,Hyun Kook Lim 대한신경정신의학회 2020 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.17 No.10

Objective Previous studies investigating association of alcohol intake and fracture risk in elderly yielded conflicting results. We first examined the association between alcohol intake and total fracture risk in elderly subjects and further analyzed whether the association varied by fracture locations.Methods This is a nationwide population-based cohort study which included all people aged 66 (n=1,431,539) receiving the National Screening Program during 2009-2014. Time-to-event were defined as duration from study recruitment, the day they received health screening, to the occurrence of fracture.Results Total fracture was significantly lower in mild drinkers [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR)=0.952; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) =0.931-0.973] and higher in heavy drinkers (aHR=1.246; 95% CI=1.201-1.294) than non-drinkers. Risk pattern of alcohol consumption and fracture differed according to affected bones. Similar J-shaped trends were observed for vertebra fractures, but risk of limb fracture showed a linear relationship with alcohol intake. For hip fracture, risk decrement was more pronounced in mild and moderate drinkers, and significant increment was noted only in very severe drinkers [≥60 g/day; (aHR)=1.446; 1.162-1.801].Conclusion Light to moderate drinking generally lowered risk of fractures, but association between alcohol and fracture risk varied depending on the affected bone lesions.

Programmable digital memory devices based on nanoscale thin films of a thermally dimensionally stable polyimide

Lee, Taek Joon,Chang, Cha-Wen,Hahm, Suk Gyu,Kim, Kyungtae,Park, Samdae,Kim, Dong Min,Kim, Jinchul,Kwon, Won-Sang,Liou, Guey-Sheng,Ree, Moonhor IOP Pub 2009 Nanotechnology Vol.20 No.13

<P>We have fabricated electrically programmable memory devices with thermally and dimensionally stable poly(<I>N</I>-(<I>N</I>′,<I>N</I>′-diphenyl-<I>N</I>′-1,4-phenyl)-<I>N</I>,<I>N</I>-4,4′-diphenylene hexafluoroisopropylidene-diphthalimide) (6F-2TPA PI) films and investigated their switching characteristics and reliability. 6F-2TPA PI films were found to reveal a conductivity of 1.0 × 10<SUP>−13</SUP>–1.0 × 10<SUP>−14</SUP> S cm<SUP>−1</SUP>. The 6F-2TPA PI films exhibit versatile memory characteristics that depend on the film thickness. All the PI films are initially present in the OFF state. The PI films with a thickness of >15 to <100 nm exhibit excellent write-once-read-many-times (WORM) (i.e. fuse-type) memory characteristics with and without polarity depending on the thickness. The WORM memory devices are electrically stable, even in air ambient, for a very long time. The devices’ ON/OFF current ratio is high, up to 10<SUP>10</SUP>. Therefore, these WORM memory devices can provide an efficient, low-cost means of permanent data storage. On the other hand, the 100 nm thick PI films exhibit excellent dynamic random access memory (DRAM) characteristics with polarity. The ON/OFF current ratio of the DRAM devices is as high as 10<SUP>11</SUP>. The observed electrical switching behaviors were found to be governed by trap-limited space-charge-limited conduction and local filament formation and further dependent on the differences between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels of the PI film and the work functions of the top and bottom electrodes as well as the PI film thickness. In summary, the excellent memory properties of 6F-2TPA PI make it a promising candidate material for the low-cost mass production of high density and very stable digital nonvolatile WORM and volatile DRAM memory devices. </P>

Functional Connectivity Change Associated With Apolipoprotein E Allotypes Precedes Structural Connectivity and Neurodegeneration in Cognitive Normal Older Adults Without Cerebral Aβ Deposition

Sheng-Min Wang,Dong Woo Kang,Yoo Hyun Um,Sunghwan Kim,Chang Uk Lee,Hyun Kook Lim 대한신경정신의학회 2023 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.20 No.11

Objective Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is known to influence cerebral functional connectivity (FC) in Alzheimer’s disease continuum. We investigated association between APOE allotypes and FC, structural connectivity, and cortical thickness in amyloid-PET negative cognitive normal older adults (CN).Methods A total of 188 CN (37 had ε2/ε2 or ε2/ε3 [ε2 group], 113 had ε3/ε3 [ε3 group], and 38 had ε3/ε4 or ε4/ε4 [ε4 group]) were recruited. Voxel-based morphometry and cortical thickness analysis were used to investigate differences in cortical thickness between three APOE allotypes. To investigate integrity of structural connectivity, we analyzed diffusion weighted imaging using fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity. In terms of FC, differences of FC in default mode network (DMN) among APOE allotypes were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging.Results There were no significant differences in age, sex, education, cerebral beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition severity, or neuropsychological profiles. No significant differences were found in cortical thickness and structural connectivity among the APOE allotypes. However, FC within the DMN was significantly lower in ε4 and ε2 carriers compared to ε3 homozygotes.Conclusion This study suggests that both ε4 and ε2 exhibit APOE-associated DMN FC changes before Aβ deposition, structural changes, and neurodegeneration.