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- 저자 : Milan Zhang (검색결과 3 건)
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Development of a Conceptual Model and Questionnaire of Principled Negotiation
Shougang Zhang,Milan Constantinovits 한국경영커뮤니케이션학회 2018 Business Communication Research and Practice Vol.1 No.2
Objectives: Principled negotiation, proposed by Fisher and Ury, is a tool used in many disputes, but it has received some criticism, especially for its lack of empirical evidence. In this paper, we use an empirical method to study the principled negotiation model and develop a questionnaire of principled negotiation. Methods:Firstly, we build a conceptual model of principled negotiation and propose the hypothesis that the principled negotiation model is constituted of four dimensions–the adult-ego people, harmonious interest, creative options, and fair criteria. Secondly, we develop a questionnaire of principled negotiation with the procedures and principles of scientific scale development. Lastly, through a survey of Chinese college students in China and data analysis, we confirm our hypothesis by using item analysis, reliability analysis, and validity analysis. Results:The results of our exploratory research of the principled negotiation model are ideal, and the obtained four-factor model can reasonably fit the data. The validity of this questionnaire is found to be good, and the questionnaire of principled negotiation passes the tests of reliability and validity. Conclusions: The main variables of the questionnaire of principled negotiation were identified by applying a logical approach. The four dimensions (people, interests, options, and criteria) were obtained from the literature and an in-depth quantitative assessment. This questionnaire of principled negotiation can provide a practical guide for negotiators and researchers who wish to use a scientific measuring tool.
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Hot Stamping Die Design for Vehicle Door Beams using Ultra-High Strength Steel
Chao Jiang,Zhongde Shan,Bailiang Zhuang,Milan Zhang,Ying Xu 한국정밀공학회 2012 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.
The energy saving and safety is the eternal theme of development of automobile industry. Ultra-high strength steel automotive body structures of hot stamping have been widely used with these dual advantages that reducing vehicle weight while enhancing safety performance at the same time. The forming and quenching integration die was investigated in this paper with a vehicle door beam as an example, especially the whole die structure and hot stamping process were optimized through numerical simulation of die strength, cooling pipe arrangement and other related factors, and beam samples with tensile strength 1550Mpa, elongation rate 6.5% and shape accuracy of ±0.3mm were produced by this die. Moreover, the stiffness increased by 2.2 times than the original tube beam and 3.8 times of the intensity, which led to full score in C-NCAP Crash Test. By reducing the thickness cross section and the depth of drawing comparing with the original tubular beam,door beam weight could be reduced by 9.32%, which had effective energy-saving and emission-reduction effect.
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( Su Jong Yu ),( Chi Ma ),( Bernd Heinrich ),( Zachary J. Brown ),( Milan Sandhu ),( Qianfei Zhang ),( Qiong Fu ),( David Agdashian ),( Firouzeh Korangy ),( Tim F. Greten ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell-based immunotherapy is effective as adjuvant therapy in early stage hepatocellular car cinoma (HCC), but lacks efficacy in advanced HCC. We inves tigated immune suppressor mechanisms and focused on CIKs and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Methods: MDSCs were quantified by flow cytometry, PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Cytokines were detected by cytokine array. LDH cytotoxicity assay was performed in the presence or absence of MDSCs to study CIK function against HCC cells in vitro. An FDA approved PDE5 inhibitor, tadalafil, was used to target MDSCs in vitro and in vivo. Two different murine HCC cell lines were tested as subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Anti-tumor effects of hu man CIK and MDSC were tested in vitro. Results: Adoptive cell transfer of CIK cells into tumor bearing mice induced inflammatory mediators (e.g., CX3CL1, IL-13) in the tumor microenvironment and an increase of tumor infil trating MDSCs leading to impaired anti-tumor activity in two different HCC tumor models. MDSCs efficiently suppressed the cytotoxic activity of CIK cells in vitro. In contrast, treatment with a PDE5 inhibitor reversed MDSC suppressor function via ARG1 and iNOS blockade and systemic treatment with a PDE5 inhibitor prevented MDSC accumulation in the tumor microen vironment upon CIK cell therapy and increased its anti-tumor efficacy. Similar results were seen when human CIK cells were tested in vitro in the presence of CD14+HLA-DR<sup>-/low</sup> MDSCs. Treatment of MDSCs with a PDE5 inhibitor suppressed MDSCs suppressor function and enhanced CIK activity against human HCC cell lines in vitro. Conclusions: Our results suggest that targeting MDSCs is an efficient strategy to enhance the antitumor efficacy of CIK cells for the treatment of patients with HCC.
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