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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Mikkelsen, D.R. (검색결과 6 건)
- 무료
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Survey of heating and current drive for K-DEMO
Mikkelsen, D.R.,Kessel, C.E.,Poli, F.M.,Bertelli, N.,Kim, K. International Atomic Energy Agency 2018 Nuclear fusion Vol.58 No.3
<P>We present calculations of heating and current drive by neutral injection and by electromagnetic waves in the ion cyclotron, helicon, lower hybrid, and electron cyclotron frequency ranges for the steady state burn conditions in a K-DEMO configuration with <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$I_{\rm p}=12.3$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/58/3/036014/nfaaa4d2ieqn001.gif'/> MA, <I>a</I> = 2.1 m, <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$R_{\rm o}=6.8$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/58/3/036014/nfaaa4d2ieqn002.gif'/> m, <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$B_{\rm o}=7.4$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/58/3/036014/nfaaa4d2ieqn003.gif'/> T, <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$ \newcommand{\nebar}{{\overline{n}_{\rm e}}} \nebar=1.1 \times 10^{20}$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/58/3/036014/nfaaa4d2ieqn004.gif'/> m<SUP>−3</SUP>, <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$T(0)=40$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/58/3/036014/nfaaa4d2ieqn005.gif'/> keV, and <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$Z_{\rm eff}=1.5$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/58/3/036014/nfaaa4d2ieqn006.gif'/>. Lower hybrid wave current drive calculations comprise a 2D scan over poloidal launcher location and launched <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$ \newcommand{\Nparallel}{{n_{\Vert}}} \Nparallel$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/58/3/036014/nfaaa4d2ieqn007.gif'/>, at a fixed frequency of 5 GHz. An ICRF frequency scan over 50–100 MHz is based on an ITER-like ICRF midplane antenna; the absorption calculation includes thermal D, T, He, Ar, and W as well as suprathermal beam ions and alphas. Helicon fast wave performance is surveyed by varying frequency over 0.6–2.5 GHz, launched <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$ \newcommand{\Nparallel}{{n_{\Vert}}} \Nparallel$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/58/3/036014/nfaaa4d2ieqn008.gif'/> from −1.6 to −3, and launcher position from top to bottom on the low-field side. An ITER-like 1 MeV neutral beam system with quasi-tangential geometry is scanned over elevation to vary the targeted minor radius. The electron cyclotron survey varies the frequency (190–300 GHz), launcher poloidal location, and the poloidal and toroidal direction of the launched waves. We report for each system the range of minor radius in which current is driven, the current drive efficiency, the optimal system parameters, and typical profiles of driven current. Electron and ion heating profiles are reported for the ICRF and NBI systems.</P>
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Vidanarachchi, J.K.,Iji, P.A.,Mikkelsen, L.L.,Choct, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.5
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary water-soluble carbohydrate extract from Renga renga lily (Arthropodium cirratum) and a commercial product, $Frutafit^{{\circledR}}$ (both fructans) on the performance, organ weights, ileal digestibility and gut morphology of male Cobb broiler chickens. There were six treatment groups: a negative control with no supplements, a positive control supplemented with 45 ppm Zn-bacitracin, and four test diets each supplemented with Renga renga lily extract or Frutafit at 5 or 10 g/kg diet. Supplementation with low levels of Renga renga lily extract and Frutafit in the diet did not affect productive parameters, whereas the inclusion of a high level of Frutafit had a negative effect on BWG and FI compared with birds fed the negative control diet. The addition of an antibiotic to the diet significantly improved (p<0.05) the BWG and FCR of broilers. Apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter, starch, protein and fat was not affected (p>0.05) by supplementation with both levels of lily extract and the low level of Frutafit. The apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter, protein and fat was decreased (p<0.05) by the high level of Frutafit. The apparent metabolisable energy (AME) of the diets fed the high level of Frutafit was approximately 0.2 MJ/kg DM lower than that of the negative control group. The addition of Zn-bacitracin increased (p<0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility of fat. The relative weight of the liver was higher (p<0.05) in broilers supplemented with the high level of Frutafit than for negative control birds at 14 and 35 d of age. Feeding Renga renga lily extract or Frutafit had no effect on the gut morphology of birds on d 14 and 35. It can be concluded that dietary inclusion of fructans from the two sources used in this study affected broiler performance differently and in a dose-dependent manner.
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Effects of Xylanase on Growth and Gut Development of Broiler Chickens Given a Wheat-based Diet
Yang, Y.,Iji, P.A.,Kocher, A.,Mikkelsen, L.L.,Choct, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.11
To study the working mechanisms for non-starch polysaccharidases to improve the growth performance of broiler chickens, a 21-day feeding trial was conducted. Two dietary treatments were included: 1) wheat diet (the control); 2) wheat+xylanase diet (xylanase, Allzyme PT, Alltech, Kentucky, USA). There were 8 replicates with 8 birds each for each treatment and the experimental diets were given to birds from hatch. Feed intake and body weight were measured on days 7 and 21. At the same ages, samples were taken for the determination of selected groups of luminal and mucosa-associated bacteria, mucosal morphology, brush-border membrane (BBM) bound enzyme activity and ileal nutrient digestibility. The xylanase supplement increased (p<0.05) body weight gain (BWG) and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) at the end of the experiment but protein and starch digestibilities were not affected (p>0.05) by xylanase. Up to day 7, xylanase increased the counts of C. perfringens in the ileum and total anaerobic bacteria (TAB) in the caeca (p<0.05, p=0.07, respectively). By day 21, the counts of ileal lactobacilli (p<0.05) and TAB (p=0.07) were lower in birds given the xylanase-supplemented diet than in those on the control diet. No significant differences were observed in the counts of mucosa-associated lactobacilli and coliforms between xylanase treatment and the control at both ages. Villus height at the jejunum was not affected (p>0.05) by the supplement but crypt depth at the same site was reduced at day 7. Also, xylanase tended to increase the concentration of BBM protein (p = 0.09) and the specific activity of sucrase (p = 0.07) at day 21.
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