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OPTOELECTRONICS:A FUNDAMENTAL BUILDING BLOCK OF THE INFORMATION AGE
Barnoski, Michael K.,Li, Kenneth K.,Muoi, Tran V. 대한전자공학회 1989 ICVC : International Conference on VLSI and CAD Vol.1 No.1
There is an acute awareness in the scientific community and a growing awareness by the general public that the society is undergoing a continuing and exciting evolution into an information age, an age characterized by the gathering, processing and distribution of vast quantities of data. Utilization of this data or information by humans will control the course of history and totally alter the everyday lives of a large percentage of human beings. Three technological building blocks of this new era are: data gathering or sensor technology, information processing technology, and data distribution or communication technology. Optoelectronics, the technology which interfaces the world of electrons with the world of photons is a critical ingredient in each of the three building blocks Its role ranges from the mundane replacement of older technical solutions to given problems to innovative and exciting techniques which, when applied to sensors, computing and communications, result in new capabilities in the basic building blocks supporting the information age.
Real-Space Imaging of the Atomic Structure of Organic–Inorganic Perovskite
Ohmann, Robin,Ono, Luis K.,Kim, Hui-Seon,Lin, Haiping,Lee, Michael V.,Li, Youyong,Park, Nam-Gyu,Qi, Yabing American Chemical Society 2015 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.137 No.51
<P>Organic–inorganic perovskite is a promising class of materials for photovoltaic applications and light emitting diodes. However, so far commercialization is still impeded by several drawbacks. Atomic-scale effects have been suggested to be possible causes, but an unequivocal experimental view at the atomic level is missing. Here, we present a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy study of single crystal methylammonium lead bromide CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>PbBr<SUB>3</SUB>. Topographic images of the in situ cleaved perovskite surface reveal the real-space atomic structure. Compared to the bulk we observe modified arrangements of atoms and molecules on the surface. With the support of density functional theory we explain these by surface reconstruction and a substantial interplay of the orientation of the polar organic cations (CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUP>+</SUP> with the position of the hosting anions. This leads to structurally and electronically distinct domains with ferroelectric and antiferroelectric character. We further demonstrate local probing of defects, which may also impact device performance.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2015/jacsat.2015.137.issue-51/jacs.5b08227/production/images/medium/ja-2015-08227g_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja5b08227'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Mok, Tony S.K.,Wu, Yi-Long,Yu, Chong-Jen,Zhou, Caicun,Chen, Yuh-Min,Zhang, Li,Ignacio, Jorge,Liao, Meilin,Srimuninnimit, Vichien,Boyer, Michael J.,Chua-Tan, Marina,Sriuranpong, Virote,Sudoyo, Aru W.,J American Society of Clinical Oncology 2009 Journal of clinical oncology Vol.27 No.30
<B>Purpose</B><P>This study investigated whether sequential administration of erlotinib and chemotherapy improves clinical outcomes versus chemotherapy alone in unselected, chemotherapy-naïve patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</P><B>Patients and Methods</B><P>Previously untreated patients (n = 154) with stage IIIB or IV NSCLC and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1 were randomly assigned to receive erlotinib (150 mg/d) or placebo on days 15 to 28 of a 4-week cycle that included gemcitabine (1,250 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>days 1 and 8) and either cisplatin (75 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>day 1) or carboplatin (5 × area under the serum concentration-time curve, day 1). The primary end point was nonprogression rate (NPR) at 8 weeks. Secondary end points included tumor response rate, NPR at 16 weeks, duration of response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety.</P><B>Results</B><P>The NPR at 8 weeks was 80.3% in the gemcitabine plus cisplatin or carboplatin (GC) -erlotinib arm (n = 76) and 76.9% in the GC-placebo arm (n = 78). At 16 weeks, the NPR was 64.5% for GC-erlotinib versus 53.8% for GC-placebo. The response rate was 35.5% for GC-erlotinib versus 24.4% for GC-placebo. PFS was significantly longer with GC-erlotinib than with GC-placebo (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.47; log-rank P = .0002; median, 29.4 v 23.4 weeks); this benefit was consistent across all clinical subgroups. There was no significant difference in OS. The addition of erlotinib to chemotherapy was well tolerated, with no increase in hematologic toxicity, and no treatment-related interstitial lung disease.</P><B>Conclusion</B><P>Sequential administration of erlotinib following gemcitabine/platinum chemotherapy led to a significant improvement in PFS. This treatment approach warrants further investigation in a phase III study.</P>
Patel, Kamlesh,Negi, P S,Swarup, Ram,Kim, Jeong Hwan,Kang, Jin-Seob,Chow, Michael W K,Tsui, C M,Dressler, Erik,Shay, Wen-Tron,Li, Hua,Shan, Yueyan Springer-Verlag 2012 METROLOGIA -BERLIN- Vol.49 No.-
<P>A measurement comparison of complex reflection coefficient has been carried out among six national metrology laboratories in coaxial system at frequencies of 50 MHz, 2 GHz, 10 GHz and 18 GHz. Three 50 Ω coaxial mismatches (voltage standing wave ratios 1.2, 1.5 and 2.0) in 7 mm connectors have been measured for their complex reflection coefficients in the magnitude and phase form. The six laboratories participated are NPL India, KRISS Korea, SCL Hong Kong, CMS ITRI Taiwan, NMC Singapore and CSIR-NML South Africa (now NMISA). The National Physical Laboratory (India) acted as the pilot laboratory for the comparison. Good agreement between the values provided by the participating laboratories has been observed: the degrees of equivalence for all the values reported, with respect to the reference value and between pairs of laboratories, are less than their associated uncertainties, at a level of confidence of 95%.</P><P>Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.</P><P>The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by APMP, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).</P>
Desmond Y. H. Yap,Kevin S. H. Liu,Yu-Chun Hsu,Grace L. H. Wong,Ming-Chang Tsai,Chien-Hung Chen,Ching-Sheng Hsu,Yee Tak Hui,Michael K. K. Li,Chen-Hua Liu,Yee-Man Kan,Ming-Lung Yu,Man-Fung Yuen 대한간학회 2020 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.26 No.4
Background/Aims: Data on treatment efficacy and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Asian patients with severe renal impairment are limited. This study aimed to study the treatment and side effects of GLE/PIB in these patients infected with non-1 genotype (GT) HCV. Methods: We prospectively recruited patients with Child’s A cirrhosis and eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 in Hong Kong and Taiwan during 2017–2018 to receive GLE/PIB treatment. Results: Twenty-one patients (GT2, n=7; GT3, n=6; and GT6, n=8) received GLE/PIB for 11.2±1.8 weeks. All except one were treatment-naïve. GLE/PIB was initiated in 16 patients while on dialysis (seven on peritoneal dialysis [PD] and nine on hemodialysis) and in five patients before dialysis. One patient died of PD-related peritonitis during treatment and two were lost to follow up. The SVR12 rate in the remaining 18 patients was 100%. All patients achieved undetectable levels at 4-, 12-, 24- and 48-week after treatment. Patients with deranged alanine aminotransferase showed normalization after 4 weeks and the response was sustained for 48 weeks. No significant adverse event was observed. Conclusions: GLE/PIB treatment was associated with high efficacy and tolerability in HCV-infected patients with severe renal impairment.