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Chronic saponin treatment attenuates damage to the pancreas in chronic alcohol-treated diabetic rats
Mi Ran Choi,Su Min Kwak,Sol Hee Bang,Jo-Eun Jeong,Dai-Jin Kim 고려인삼학회 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.4
Background: Chronic heavy alcohol consumption may raise the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Saponins inhibit apoptosis of pancreatic islet cells and reduce lipid parameters. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of saponin on chronic ethanol-treated diabetic rats. Methods: LongeEvans Tokushima Fatty (LETO) and Otsuka LongeEvans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were pair-fed a LiebereDeCarli diet with and without 5% ethanol for 12 wks. Two weeks after starting the pair-feeding with the LiebereDeCarli diet, intraperitoneal injection of saponin was performed for 10 wks. To perform the experiments, rats were divided as follows: LETO-Control (LC), LETO-Ethanol (LE), LETOEthanol-Saponin (LES), OLETF-Control (OC), OLETF-Ethanol (OE), and OLETF-Ethanol-Saponin (OES). Results: The weights of epididymal and mesenteric fat tissue in LES and OES rats were the lightest from among the LETO and OLETF groups, respectively. The secretion of alanine aminotransferase and cholesterol in OES rats decreased significantly compared to their secretion in OC and OE rats, respectively. The islets of the pancreas in LE and OE rats showed clean, unclear, and smaller morphology compared to those of LC, LES, OC, and OES rats. In addition, the expression of insulin in the islets of the pancreas in LC, LES, OC, and OES rats was higher than in LE and OE rats. Conclusion: Saponin may not only be helpful in alleviating the rapid progress of diabetes due to chronic alcohol consumption in diabetic patients, but may also show potential as an antidiabetic drug candidate for diabetic patients who chronically consume alcohol.
Jo-Eun Jeong,Soo-Hyun Paik,Mi Ran Choi,Hyun Cho,Jung-Seok Choi,Sam-Wook Choi,Dai-Jin Kim 대한신경정신의학회 2019 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.16 No.6
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been reported to be involved in negatively regulating the effects of addictive disorders. The objective of this study was to investigate alterations in the levels of GDNF in patients with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and to assess the relationship between GDNF levels and the severity of IGD indices. Nineteen male patients with IGD and 19 sexmatched control subjects were evaluated for alteration of plasma GDNF levels and for relationship between GDNF levels and clinical characteristics of Internet gaming, including the Young’s Internet Addiction Test (Y-IAT). The GDNF levels were found to be significantly low in patients with IGD (103.2±62.0 pg/mL) compared with the levels of controls (245.2±101.6 pg/mL, p<0.001). GDNF levels were negatively correlated with Y-IAT scores (Spearman’s rho=-0.645, p=<0.001) and this negative correlation remained even after controlling for multiple variables (r=-0.370, p=0.048). These findings support the assumed role of GDNF in the regulation of IGD.
Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticle dispersants on cytotoxicity and cellular uptake
Jo, Mi-Rae,Chung, Hae-Eun,Kim, Hyun-Jin,Bae, Song-Hwa,Go, Mi-Ran,Yu, Jin,Choi, Soo-Jin THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF TOXICOGENOMICS AND TOXICOPRP 2016 MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR TOXICOLOGY Vol. No.
Dispersion critically affects the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles and their interactions with biological systems. In this study, the effects of different zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NP) dispersants, that is, bovine serum albumin, citrate, carboxymethyl cellulose, fetal bovine serum, and cell culture medium, were investigated with respect to cytotoxicity and cellular uptake. Parallel comparative studies were also conducted with <TEX>$Zn^{2+}$</TEX> ions. The results demonstrated that ZnO-NPs dispersed in citrate exhibited the greatest cytotoxicity to human lung cells, probably related to their high cellular uptake via the citrate internalization mechanism, whereas, the energy-dependent endocytosis pathway of ZnO-NP internalization in cells was unaffected by dispersant type. These results emphasize that dispersant choice is important when evaluating the toxicity of nanoparticles and that results should be interpreted with caution.
Jo, Kyung-Wook,Lee, Soyeon,Kang, Mi Ran,Sung, Heungsup,Kim, Mi-Na,Shim, Tae Sun The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2017 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.80 No.3
Background: A disputed rpoB mutation is a specific type of rpoB mutation that can cause low-level resistances to rifampin (RIF). Here, we aimed to assess the frequency and types of disputed rpoB mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from South Korea. Methods: Between August 2009 and December 2015, 130 patients exhibited RIF resistance on the MTBDRplus assay at Asan Medical Center. Among these cases, we identified the strains with disputed rpoB mutation by rpoB sequencing analysis, as well as among the M. tuberculosis strains from the International Tuberculosis Research Center (ITRC). Results: Among our cases, disputed rpoB mutations led to RIF resistance in at least 6.9% (9/130) of the strains that also exhibited RIF resistance on the MTBDRplus assay. Moreover, at the ITRC, sequencing of the rpoB gene of 170 strains with the rpoB mutation indicated that 23 strains (13.5%) had the disputed mutations. By combining the findings from the 32 strains from our center and the ITRC, we identified the type of disputed rpoB mutation as follows: CTG511CCG (L511P, n=8), GAC516TAC (D516Y, n=8), CTG533CCG (L533P, n=8), CAC526CTC (H526L, n=4), CAC526AAC (H526N, n=3), and ATG515GTG (M515V, n=1). Conclusion: Disputed rpoB mutations do not seem to be rare among the strains exhibiting RIF resistance in South Korea.
( Mi Ran Jo ),( Mi Hee Park ),( Dong Young Choi ),( Dong Yeun Yuk ),( Yuk Mo Lee ),( Jin Moo Lee ),( Jae Hwang Jeong ),( Ki Wan Oh ),( Moon Soon Lee ),( Sang Bae Han ),( Jin Tae Hong ) 한국응용약물학회 2011 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.19 No.3
Amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity is a major pathological mechanism of Alzheimer`s disease (AD). In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of L-theanine, a component of green tea (Camellia sinensis) on Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative damages of macromolecules. L-theanine inhibited Aβ1-42-induced generation of reactive oxygen species, and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 mitogenic activated protein kinase as well as the activity of nuclear factor kappa- B. L-theanine also significantly reduced oxidative protein and lipid damage, and elevated glutathione level. Consistent with the reduced neurotoxic signals, L-theanine (10-50 μg/ml) concomitantly attenuated Aβ1-42 (5 μM)-induced neurotoxicity in SK-N-MC and SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells. These data indicate that L-theanine on Aβ-induced neurotoxicity prevented oxidative damages of neuronal cells, and may be useful in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative disease like AD.
Feasibility Study of Early Oral Intake after Gastrectomy for Gastric Carcinoma
Jo, Dong-Hoon,Jeong, Oh,Sun, Jang-Won,Jeong, Mi-Ran,Ryu, Seong-Yeop,Park, Young-Kyu The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2011 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.11 No.2
Purpose: Despite the compelling scientific and clinical data supporting the use of early oral nutrition after major gastrointestinal surgery, traditional bowel rest and intravenous nutrition for several postoperative days is still being used widely after gastric cancer surgery. Materials and Methods: A phase II study was carried out to evaluate the feasibility and safety of postoperative early oral intake (water intake on postoperative days (POD) 1-2, and soft diet on POD 3) after a gastrectomy. The primary outcome was morbidity within 30 postoperative days, which was targeted at <25% based on pilot study data. Results: The study subjects were 90 males and 42 females with a mean age 61.5 years. One hundred and four (79%) and 28 (21%) patients underwent a distal and total gastrectomy, respectively. The postoperative morbidity rate was within the targeted range (15.2%, 95% CI, 10.0~22.3%), and there was no hospital mortality. Of the 132 patients, 117 (89%) successfully completed a postoperative early oral intake regimen without deviation; deviation in 10 (8%) due to gastrointestinal symptoms and in five (4%) due to the management of postoperative complications. The mean times to water intake and a soft diet were $1.0{\pm}0.2$ and $3.2{\pm}0.7$ days, respectively, and the mean hospital stay was $10.0{\pm}6.1$ days. Conclusions: Postoperative early oral intake after a gastrectomy is feasible and safe, and can be adopted as a standard perioperative care after a gastrectomy. Nevertheless, further clinical trials will be needed to evaluate the benefits of early oral nutrition after upper gastrointestinal surgery.
Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Activities of Tussilago farfara Extract in HT-29 Human Colon Cancer Cells
Mi-Ra Lee,Mi-Ran Cha,Kyung-Jin Jo,Mi-Young Yoon,Hae-Ryong Park 한국식품과학회 2008 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.17 No.2
The flower buds of Tussilago farfara (TF) have been traditionally used in oriental medicine for the treatment of bronchitis and asthma. In our study, the primary objective was to determine the mechanisms that are inherent to TF-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, using the methanolic extract of TF (TFM) in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. We found that TFM-induced induced cytotoxicity in HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was verified via an MTT reduction assay, an lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, and a colony formation assay. Interestingly, we also detected apoptotic bodies on Hoechst staining, and attempted to determine whether TFM-induced apoptosis involved the caspase pathway using a caspase-3/7 activity assay. Overall, the results indicate that TFM contain chemotherapeutic agents and potential candidates use for against human colon cancer cells.
Dose sparing strategy with intradermal influenza vaccination in patients with solid cancer
Jo, Yu Mi,Song, Joon Young,Hwang, In Sook,Lee, Jacob,Oh, Sang Cheul,Kim, Jun Suk,Kim, Sung Ran,Kim, Woo Joo,Cheong, Hee Jin Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Journal of medical virology Vol.81 No.4
<P>Influenza vaccine is considered to reduce influenza-related morbidity and mortality in patients with underlying chronic medical conditions. Because of fear of vaccine shortage during an influenza pandemic, several antigen sparing strategies have been investigated. The immunogenicity of intradermal influenza vaccination with one half the antigenic contents was compared to that of conventional intramuscular vaccination in patients with solid cancer, and adverse events were assessed after vaccination. There was no significant difference between the injection routes in the hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) response and increase in the titer of A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B 4–6 weeks after the vaccination; seroconversion factors increased by more than 2.5-fold. Seroresponse rates were more than 40% and seroprotection rates were above 70% against all three influenza strains irrespective of the vaccination routes. No serious events were observed, and local skin reactions were more frequent in the intradermal injection recipients than in the intramuscular recipients (32.7% vs. 9.1%). This study shows that intradermal injection of one half the dose of a commercial influenza vaccine elicits immune responses comparable to those elicited by a full dose of intramuscular vaccine among cancer patients, and it can be tolerated without serious adverse reactions. J. Med. Virol. 81:722–727, 2009 © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>