Timely inoculation of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus improves its efficiency in combination with benzoylphenylurea compounds

Mehrvar Ali,Saber Moosa 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.2

Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) is highly virulent against cotton bollworm, and its com bination with peritrophic membrane affecting chemicals, especially benzoylphenylurea compounds, can increase the relative speed of kill, leading to early and timely pest control. The biological activity of three HearNPV isolates (IR03, IR18, and IR20) was primarily evaluated on the second instar larvae of H. armigera. The highly virulent isolate (IR18, LC 50 : 8.43 × 10 3 OB/ml) and four benzoylphenylurea compounds (diflubenzuron, teflu benzuron, flufenoxuron, and lufenuron) were assessed on the pest larvae according to four per orally diet inoculation schedules. The highest mortality values were obtained when the virus was inoculated on the second (schedule 1) and third (schedule 2) days after flufenoxuron contamination with 98.67% and 97.30%, respec tively, followed by teflubenzuron. All the benzoylphenylureas showed the highest mortalities using these two schedules. Flufenoxuron had a higher relative efficiency percent than the other compounds in all the schedules. The second schedule yielded the lowest LT 50 value using flufenoxuron with the highest relative speed of kill (38.40%), followed by the first schedule (30.02%). The second schedule can be relatively considered the most appropriate method for the combined use of benzoylphenylurea and HearNPV.

Erratum : Whole-Genome Characterization of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus Obtained from Metagenomic Analysis of Vinca minor and Wisteria sinensis in Iran: with Implications for the Genetic Structure of the Virus

Moradi, Zohreh,Mehrvar, Mohsen The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2022 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.38 No.1

Whole-Genome Characterization of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus Obtained from Metagenomic Analysis of Vinca minor and Wisteria sinensis in Iran: with Implications for the Genetic Structure of the Virus

Zohreh Moradi,Mohsen Mehrvar 한국식물병리학회 2021 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.37 No.6

Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), an economically important pathogen, is present worldwide with a very wide host range. This work reports for the first time the infection of Vinca minor and Wisteria sinensis with AMV using RNA sequencing and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmation. De novo assembly and annotating of contigs revealed that RNA1, RNA2, and RNA3 genomic fragments consist of 3,690, 2,636, and 2,057 nucleotides (nt) for IR-VM and 3,690, 2,594, and 2,057 nt for IR-WS. RNA1 and RNA3 segments of IR- VM and IR-WS closely resembled those of the Chinese isolate HZ, with 99.23-99.26% and 98.04-98.09% nt identity, respectively. Their RNA2 resembled that of Canadian isolate CaM and American isolate OH-2- 2017, with 97.96-98.07% nt identity. The P2 gene re- vealed more nucleotide diversity compared with other genes. Genes in the AMV genome were under dominant negative selection during evolution, and the P1 and coat protein (CP) proteins were subject to the strongest and weakest purifying selection, respectively. In the population genetic analysis based on the CP gene sequences, all 107 AMV isolates fell into two main clades (A, B) and isolates of clade A were further divided into three groups with significant subpopulation differentiation. The results indicated moderate genetic variation within and no clear geographic or genetic structure between the studied populations, implying moderate gene flow can play an important role in differentiation and distri- bution of genetic diversity among populations. Several factors have shaped the genetic structure and diversity of AMV: selection, recombination/reassortment, gene flow, and random processes such as founder effects.

Occurrence and Evolutionary Analysis of Coat Protein Gene Sequences of Iranian Isolates of Sugarcane mosaic virus

Moradi, Zohreh,Nazifi, Ehsan,Mehrvar, Mohsen The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2017 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.33 No.3

Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is one of the most damaging viruses infecting sugarcane, maize and some other graminaceous species around the world. To investigate the genetic diversity of SCMV in Iran, the coat protein (CP) gene sequences of 23 SCMV isolates from different hosts were determined. The nucleotide sequence identity among Iranian isolates was more than 96%. They shared nucleotide identities of 75.5-99.9% with those of other SCMV isolates available in GenBank, the highest with the Egyptian isolate EGY7-1 (97.5-99.9%). The results of phylogenetic analysis suggested five divergent evolutionary lineages that did not completely reflect the geographical origin or host plant of the isolates. Population genetic analysis revealed greater between-group than within-group evolutionary divergence values, further supporting the results of the phylogenetic analysis. Our results indicated that natural selection might have contributed to the evolution of isolates belonging to the five identified SCMV groups, with infrequent genetic exchanges occurring between them. Phylogenetic analyses and the estimation of genetic distance indicated that Iranian isolates have low genetic diversity. No recombination was found in the CP cistron of Iranian isolates and the CP gene was under negative selection. These findings provide a comprehensive analysis of the population structure and driving forces for the evolution of SCMV with implications for global exchange of sugarcane germplasm. Gene flow, selection and somehow homologous recombination were found to be the important evolutionary factors shaping the genetic structure of SCMV populations.

Occurrence and Evolutionary Analysis of Coat Protein Gene Sequences of Iranian Isolates of Sugarcane mosaic virus

Zohreh Moradi,Ehsan Nazifi,Mohsen Mehrvar 한국식물병리학회 2017 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.33 No.3

Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is one of the most damaging viruses infecting sugarcane, maize and some other graminaceous species around the world. To investigate the genetic diversity of SCMV in Iran, the coat protein (CP) gene sequences of 23 SCMV isolates from different hosts were determined. The nucleotide sequence identity among Iranian isolates was more than 96%. They shared nucleotide identities of 75.5–99.9% with those of other SCMV isolates available in GenBank, the highest with the Egyptian isolate EGY7-1 (97.5–99.9%). The results of phylogenetic analysis suggested five divergent evolutionary lineages that did not completely reflect the geographical origin or host plant of the isolates. Population genetic analysis revealed greater between-group than within-group evolutionary divergence values, further supporting the results of the phylogenetic analysis. Our results indicated that natural selection might have contributed to the evolution of isolates belonging to the five identified SCMV groups, with infrequent genetic exchanges occurring between them. Phylogenetic analyses and the estimation of genetic distance indicated that Iranian isolates have low genetic diversity. No recombination was found in the CP cistron of Iranian isolates and the CP gene was under negative selection. These findings provide a comprehensive analysis of the population structure and driving forces for the evolution of SCMV with implications for global exchange of sugarcane germplasm. Gene flow, selection and somehow homologous recombination were found to be the important evolutionary factors shaping the genetic structure of SCMV populations.

Growth Analysis of Rhizomania Infected and Healthy Sugar Beet

Javad Rezaei,Ahmad Nezami,Mohsen Mehrvar,Bagher Mahmoodi,Mohammad Bannayan 한국작물학회 2014 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.17 No.2

Viral disease of rhizomania is one of the most important diseases of sugar beet all over the world. The disease significantly hasreduced the yield and quality of sugar beet, and has imposed high economic loss to farmers. Long-term breeding programs to introducetolerant cultivars are the only chance of avoiding further yield losses. This study tried to measure and analyze the growth of shoots androots of rhizomania-tolerant and -susceptible sugar beet with the aim of providing information for modeling of the rhizomania effectson the growth of sugar beet. Growth indices were used for analyzing, quantification, and time-course of sugar beet growth underinfested and non-infested soils conditions. A 2-year experiment was conducted using four sugar beet cultivars in 2010 and 2011 inMashhad, Iran. The results of this study showed that under infested soils, root dry matter and leaf area index of the susceptible cultivarsin comparison to tolerant cultivars were lower by 57 and 24%, respectively. In addition, crop growth rate and net assimilation rateof susceptible cultivars were affected by rhizomania and were lower than in tolerant cultivars. On non-infested soil, the differencebetween dry matter and growth indices of susceptible and tolerant sugar beet cultivars was not significant. Rhizomania decreasedgreen area and photosynthesis capacity and led to lower growth rate and dry matter production. Our study quantified the growth of rhizomania-infested sugar beet plants in comparison with non-infested plants and provided information to be used for modeling of therhizomania effects on the growth of sugar beet

Complete Genomic Characterization of Two Beet Soil-Borne Virus Isolates from Turkey: Implications of Comparative Analysis of Genome Sequences

Zohreh Moradi,Hossein Maghdoori,Ehsan Nazifi,Mohsen Mehrvar 한국식물병리학회 2021 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.37 No.2

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is known as a key prod- uct for agriculture in several countries across the world. Beet soil-borne virus (BSBV) triggers substan- tial economic damages to sugar beet by reducing the quantity of the yield and quality of the beet sugars. We conducted the present study to report the complete genome sequences of two BSBV isolates in Turkey for the first time. The genome organization was identi- cal to those previously established BSBV isolates. The tripartite genome of BSBV-TR1 and -TR3 comprised a 5,835-nucleotide (nt) RNA1, a 3,454-nt RNA2, and a 3,005-nt RNA3 segment. According to sequence identity analyses, Turkish isolates were most closely related to the BSBV isolate reported from Iran (97.83- 98.77% nt identity). The BSBV isolates worldwide (n = 9) were phylogenetically classified into five (RNA-coat protein read through gene [CPRT], TGB1, and TGB2 segments), four (RNA-rep), or three (TGB3) lineages. In genetic analysis, the TGB3 revealed more genetic variability (Pi = 0.034) compared with other regions. Population selection analysis revealed that most of the codons were generally under negative selection or neutral evolution in the BSBV isolates studied. How- ever, positive selection was detected at codon 135 in the TGB1, which could be an adaptation in order to facili- tate the movement and overcome the host plant resis- tance genes. We expect that the information on genome properties and genetic variability of BSBV, particularly in TGB3, TGB1, and CPRT genes, assist in developing effective control measures in order to prevent severe losses and make amendments in management strate- gies.

Genomic Profiling of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: Basic and Clinical Approach

Aliasghar Keramatinia,Alireza Ahadi,Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari,Maryam Mohseny,Alireza Mosavi Jarahi,Narjes Mehrvar,Neda Mansouri,S.A. Mortazavi Tabatabaei,Abolfazl Movafagh 대한암예방학회 2017 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.22 No.2

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematological stem cell cancer driven by BCR-ABL1 fusion protein. We review the previous and recent evidence on the significance of CML in diagnostic and clinic management. The technical monitoring of BCR-ABL1 with quantitative real time-PCR has been used in assessing patient outcome. The cytogenetic mark of CML is Philadelphia chromosome, that is formed by reciprocal chromosomal translocations between human chromosome 9 and 22, t(9:22) (q34:q11). It makes a BCR-ABL1 fusion protein with an anomaly tyrosine kinase activity that promotes the characteristic proliferation of progenitor cells in CML and acute lymphoblastic lymphoma. The targeting of BCR-ABL1 fusion kinase is the first novel paradigm of molecularly targeted curing.

Spiritual Therapy in Coping with Cancer as a Complementary Medical Preventive Practice

Abolfazl Movafagh,Mohammad Hassan Heidari,Morteza Abdoljabbari,Neda Mansouri,Afsoon Taghavi,Aliasghar Karamatinia,Narjes Mehrvar,Mehrdad Hashemi,Mona Ghazi 대한암예방학회 2017 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.22 No.2

There are many of methods of treating cancer. However, the concept of curing the cancer is beyond our current knowledge. Some patients who have the cancer may seek an alternative manner of curing their disease. Alternative medicines, such as spiritual and complementary therapy, are able to cure the cancer and, at the least, are safe. Research on the importance of spirituality in cancer care has mainly been performed in geographically heterogeneous populations. The results are limited to these specific religious-cultural contexts and enlightened by contributions from ethnicity and religion. This article focused on the religiousness and spiritual support of cancer patients from diverse and heterogeneous groups around the globe. An electronic search of peer-reviewed articles was systematically performed to obtain the relevant literature with the CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubMed databases. The keywords included religion, cancer, illness, psychotherapy, and spiritual and alternative treatment/therapies. The inclusion criteria for the reviews were that the documents were original quantitative research and published in English. Articles that were not directly relevant to the present objective were excluded. The present outcome of these review resources suggest that it may be helpful for clinicians to address spirituality, particularly with regard to prevention, healing, and survival of cancer patients. This article indicates that it may be useful for clinical oncologists to be informed of the prevalence of the use of spiritual medicine in their specialized field. In addition, patients should routinely be asked about the use of spiritual medicine as part of every cancer patient’s evaluation.