http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Local Structure of Fe Impurity Atoms in ZnO: Bulk versus Surface
McLeod, J. A.,Boukhvalov, D. W.,Zatsepin, D. A.,Green, R. J.,Leedahl, B.,Cui, L.,Kurmaev, E. Z.,Zhidkov, I. S.,Finkelstein, L. D.,Gavrilov, N. V.,Cholakh, S. O.,Moewes, A. American Chemical Society 2014 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.118 No.10
<P>By studying Fe-doped ZnO pellets and thin films with various X-ray spectroscopic techniques, and complementing this with density functional theory calculations, we find that Fe-doping in bulk ZnO induces isovalent (and isostructural) cation substitution (Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> → Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>). In contrast to this, Fe-doping near the surface produces both isovalent and heterovalent substitution (Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> → Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>). The calculations performed herein suggest that the most likely defect structure is the single or double substitution of Zn with Fe, although, if additional oxygen is available, then Fe substitution with interstitial oxygen is even more energetically favorable. Furthermore, it is found that ferromagnetic states are energetically unfavorable, and ferromagnetic ordering is likely to be realized only through the formation of a secondary phase (i.e., ZnFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>), or codoping with Cu.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2014/jpccck.2014.118.issue-10/jp411219z/production/images/medium/jp-2013-11219z_0010.gif'></P>
An International Comparisonof Investment Promotion Websites: Jeju Korea, PEI Canada & Hong Kong
Kenneth R. McLeod 세계환경사회거버넌스학회 2011 World Environment and Island Studies Vol.1 No.1
This study assessed the Jeju Provincial Government's investment promotion Jeju Free International City (JFIC) website in comparison to Hong Kong’s best practicesubnational Investment Promotion Agency’s (IPA), InvestHK, and Prince EdwardIsland’s IPA, Invest PEI. The study assessed four website dimensions that are recommended for information dissemination to potential investors: information architecture, design, content, and promotional effective- ness. This study is basedon Theodore Moran’s promotional development work, and the Multilateral Invest-ment Guarantee Agency’s (MIGA) recent IPA performance study.The JFIC website exhibited a low overall website performance score of 44%, compared to PEI (68.8%) and InvestHK (90.2%). Jeju’s Content performance (16%)was far lower than the Invest PEI and InvestHK (28% and 47% respectively) IPA scores, and this is what provides investors crucial information such as the IPA’s purpose, core (location) information, and credible, sector specific infor- mation. The JFIC site results also show weak promotional effectiveness of the website in terms of IPA branding, contact information and being easily found in basic Internet searches. The results of this assessment are consistent with MIGA’s findings between best practice IPA’s and developing IPA websites (2006).Recommendations include that Jeju Special Self-governing Province (JSSP) revisethe JFIC website entirely, or remove it and provide its full support to enhance theJeju Development Center’s website. The same website evaluation could provide useful feedback to dramatically increase the effectiveness of the JDC website as well.A true ‘one stop shop’ to service investors would be the most effective solution.Finally, it is recommended that the Investment Climate Survey be undertaken to clearlyidentify what sector specific information can be promoted to investors on the website.The information for investors will then match Jeju’s impressive progress forwardin its development.