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- 저자 : McCarty, Perry L. (검색결과 26 건)
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Domestic Wastewater Treatment as a Net Energy Producer–Can This be Achieved?
McCarty, Perry L.,Bae, Jaeho,Kim, Jeonghwan American Chemical Society 2011 Environmental science & technology Vol.45 No.17
<P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/esthag/2011/esthag.2011.45.issue-17/es2014264/production/images/medium/es-2011-014264_0003.gif'> <P>In seeking greater sustainability in water resources management, wastewater is now being considered more as a resource than as a waste?a resource for water, for plant nutrients, and for energy. Energy, the primary focus of this article, can be obtained from wastewater's organic as well as from its thermal content. Also, using wastewater’s nitrogen and P nutrients for plant fertilization, rather than wasting them, helps offset the high energy cost of producing synthetic fertilizers. Microbial fuel cells offer potential for direct biological conversion of wastewater’s organic materials into electricity, although significant improvements are needed for this process to be competitive with anaerobic biological conversion of wastewater organics into biogas, a renewable fuel used in electricity generation. Newer membrane processes coupled with complete anaerobic treatment of wastewater offer the potential for wastewater treatment to become a net generator of energy, rather than the large energy consumer that it is today.</P></P>
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McCarty, Dakota,Park, Ju Moon Urban Science Institute 2018 도시과학 Vol.7 No.2
Incheon, South Korea, is a rapidly growing port city that has long held an important role in the country. While for most of its history it has been considered more of a coastal extension of Seoul, it is now trying to grow from that role and become a global city. National and local initiatives and acts have led to the Incheon Free Economic Zone (IFEZ). This large zone connects three smaller districts into one large project. The goal of the project is to assert Incheon as its own city and go beyond its role as merely a gateway to Seoul. However, as most large-scale projects go, there are multiple issues and constraints faced by the IFEZ. This paper analyzes the project and gives critique on how the project could possibly achieve its goal more quickly.
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Model to Couple Anaerobic Process Kinetics with Biological Growth Equilibrium Thermodynamics
McCarty, Perry L.,Bae, Jaeho American Chemical Society 2011 Environmental science & technology Vol.45 No.16
<P>Monod kinetics indicates a substrate concentration limit (<I>S</I><SUB>min</SUB>) at biological growth equilibrium where growth is just balanced by decay. A relationship between <I>S</I><SUB>min</SUB> and the Gibbs free energy available at growth equilibrium (Δ<I>G</I><SUB>E</SUB>) was introduced into the Monod model and applied directly to chemostat cultures. Results from four anaerobic mixed-culture chemostat studies yielded Δ<I>G</I><SUB>E</SUB> of −17.7 ± 2.2 kJ/mol acetate converted to methane. Δ<I>G</I><SUB>E</SUB> for propionate syntrophs in propionate-fed cultures was −8.0 ± 3.1 kJ/mol propionate, compared with that of −3.0 ± 0.9 kJ/mol H<SUB>2</SUB> for the hydrogenotrophs present. With ethanol present, however, Δ<I>G</I><SUB>E</SUB> for the hydrogenotrophs became more favorable, −6.1 ± 1.6 kJ/mol H<SUB>2</SUB>, while Δ<I>G</I><SUB>E</SUB> for propionate became positive even though propionate was consumed, suggesting an alternative interspecies electron transport route. The results suggest that <I>S</I><SUB>min</SUB>, normally considered a function of an organism’s intrinsic rate characteristics, is also a function of solution characteristics, and this is likely the case for the substrate affinity coefficient, <I>K</I>, as well. A comparison between Δ<I>G</I><SUB>E</SUB> and <I>S</I><SUB>min</SUB> and reported threshold thermodynamic and concentration limits, leads to the conclusion that Δ<I>G</I><SUB>E</SUB> and <I>S</I><SUB>min</SUB> represent lower and upper bounds, respectively, on such values. This study indicates that knowledge gained from pure-culture studies applies well to more complex natural anaerobic systems.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/esthag/2011/esthag.2011.45.issue-16/es2009055/production/images/medium/es-2011-009055_0001.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/es2009055'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
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A cyclic (alkyl)(amido)carbene: synthesis, study and utility as a desulfurization reagent
McCarty, Zachary R.,Lastovickova, Dominika N.,Bielawski, Christopher W. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Chemical communications Vol.52 No.31
<P>The synthesis and study of a cyclic (alkyl)(amido) carbene is described. The carbene was found to undergo C-H insertion at low temperatures, formed cyclopropenes upon exposure to alkynes, and facilitated desulfurization reactions. Spectroscopic studies revealed that the carbene is strongly pi-accepting but retains a complimentary degree of sigma-donating properties.</P>
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Thomas R. McCarty,Ahmad Najdat Bazarbashi,Basile Njei,Marvin Ryou,Harry R. Aslanian,Thiruvengadam Muniraj 대한소화기내시경학회 2020 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.53 No.5
Background/Aims: Percutaneous liver biopsy (PCLB) or transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) have traditionally been performed toobtain a sample of hepatic tissue; however, endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy (EUSLB) has become an attractive alternative. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of EUSLB, PCLB, and TJLB. Methods: Search strategies were developed in accordance with PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Major outcomes included thefollowing: adequacy of biopsy specimens (i.e., complete portal triads [CPT], total specimen length [TSL] in mm, and length oflongest piece [LLP]) in mm), and rate of adverse events. Only studies comparing all biopsy approaches (i.e., EUSLB, PCLB, andTJLB) were included. Results: Five studies (EUSLB [n=301]; PCLB [n=176]; and TJLB [n=179]) were included. Biopsy cumulative adequacy rates forEUSLB, PCLB, and TJLB were 93.51%, 98.27%, and 97.61%, respectively. Based on the subgroup analysis limited to EUS biopsyneedles in current clinical practice, there was no difference in biopsy adequacy or adverse events for EUSLB compared to PCLB andTJLB (all p>0.050). A comparison of EUSLB and PCLB revealed no difference between specimens regarding both CPT (p=0.079) andLLP (p=0.085); however, a longer TSL (p<0.001) was observed. Compared to TJLB, EUSLB showed no difference in LLP (p=0.351),fewer CPT (p=0.042), and longer TSL (p=0.005). Conclusions: EUSLB appears to be a safe, minimally invasive procedure that is comparable to PCLB and TJLB regarding biopsyspecimens obtained and rate of adverse events associated with each method.
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Clinical Potential of Spirulina as a Source of Phycocyanobilin
Mark F. McCarty 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.4
Recent research reveals that free bilirubin functions physiologically as a potent inhibitor of NADPH oxidaseactivity. The chromophore phycocyanobilin (PCB), found in blue-green algae and cyanobacteria such as Spirulina, also hasbeen found to be a potent inhibitor of this enzyme complex, likely because in mammalian cells it is rapidly reduced to phy-cocyanorubin, a close homolog of bilirubin. In light of the protean roles of NADPH oxidase activation in pathology, it thusappears likely that PCB supplementation may have versatile potential in prevention and therapyparticularly in light of ro-dent studies demonstrating that orally administered Spirulinaor phycocyanin (the Spirulinaholoprotein that contains PCB)can exert a wide range of anti-inflammatory effects. Until PCB-enriched Spirulinacommercially available, the most feasible and least expensive way to administer PCB is by ingestion of whole Spirulina. Aheaping tablespoon (about 15 g) of Spirulinacan be expected to provide about 100 mg of PCB. By extrapolating from rodentstudies, it can be concluded that an intake of 2 heaping tablespoons daily would be likely to have important antioxidant ac-tivity in humansassuming that humans and rodents digest and absorb Spirulina-bound PCB in a comparable manner. Anintake of this magnitude can be clinically feasible if Spirulinasoy milk, fruit juices, and whole fruits. Such a regimen should be evaluated in clinical syndromes characterized and in partmediated by NADPH oxidase overactivity in affected tissues.
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Lee, Eunseok,McCarty, Perry L.,Kim, Jeonghwan,Bae, Jaeho IWA Publishing 2016 Water Science & Technology Vol.74 No.1
<P>The effects on sulfur removal and membrane fouling resulting from FeCl3 addition to an anaerobic fluidized membrane bioreactor (AFMBR) in a staged AFMBR (SAF-MBR) was investigated. Total sulfur removal in the SAF-MBR was 42-59% without FeCl3 addition, but increased to 87-95% with FeCl3 addition. Sulfide removal in the AFMBR increased to 90% with addition of FeCl3 at a molar Fe3+/S ratio of 0.54 and to 95% when the ratio was increased to 0.95. Effluent sulfide concentration then decreased to 0.3-0.6 mg/L. Phosphate removals were only 19 and 37% with the above added FeCl3 ratios, indicating that iron removed sulfide more readily than phosphate. Neither chemical oxygen demand nor biochemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies were affected by the addition of FeCl3. When the AFMBR permeate became exposed to air, light brown particles were formed from effluent Fe2+| oxidation to Fe3+. FeCl3 addition, while beneficial for sulfide removal, did increase the membrane fouling rate due to the deposition of inorganic precipitates in the membrane pores.</P>
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Aslam, Muhammad,McCarty, Perry L.,Shin, Chungheon,Bae, Jaeho,Kim, Jeonghwan Elsevier 2017 Bioresource technology Vol.240 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>An aluminum dioxide (Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>) ceramic membrane was used in a single-stage anaerobic fluidized bed ceramic membrane bioreactor (AFCMBR) for low-strength wastewater treatment. The AFCMBR was operated continuously for 395days at 25°C using a synthetic wastewater having a chemical oxygen demand (COD) averaging 260mg/L. A membrane net flux as high as 14.5–17L/m<SUP>2</SUP> h was achieved with only periodic maintenance cleaning, obtained by adding 25mg/L of sodium hypochlorite solution. No adverse effect of the maintenance cleaning on organic removal was observed. An average SCOD in the membrane permeate of 23mg/L was achieved with a 1h hydraulic retention time (HRT). Biosolids production averaged 0.014±0.007gVSS/gCOD removed. The estimated electrical energy required to operate the AFCMBR system was 0.039kWh/m<SUP>3</SUP> <SUB>,</SUB> which is only about 17% of the electrical energy that could be generated with the methane produced.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ceramic membrane was applied in anaerobic fluidized MBR for low-strength wastewater. </LI> <LI> Membrane net flux of 17LMH was achieved with only periodic maintenance cleaning. </LI> <LI> No adverse effect of the maintenance cleaning on organic removal was observed. </LI> <LI> Average SCOD in membrane permeate of 23mg/L was achieved. </LI> <LI> Electrical energy required to operate the AFCMBR was only about 0.038kWh/m<SUP>3</SUP>. </LI> </UL> </P>
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