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Molecular Basis of the KEAP1-NRF2 Signaling Pathway
Masayuki Yamamoto,Takafumi Suzuki,Jun Takahashi 한국분자세포생물학회 2023 Molecules and cells Vol.46 No.3
Transcription factor NRF2 (NF-E2-related factor 2) is a master regulator of cellular responses against environmental stresses. NRF2 induces expression of detoxification and antioxidant enzymes and suppresses inductions of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. KEAP1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) is an adaptor subunit of CULLIN 3 (CUL3)-based E3 ubiquitin ligase. KEAP1 regulates the activity of NRF2 and acts as a sensor for oxidative and electrophilic stresses. NRF2 has been found to be activated in many types of cancers with poor prognosis. Therapeutic strategies to control NRF2-overeactivated cancers have been considered not only by targeting cancer cells with NRF2 inhibitors or NRF2 synthetic lethal chemicals, but also by targeting host defense with NRF2 inducers. Understanding precise molecular mechanisms how the KEAP1-NRF2 system senses and regulates the cellular response is critical to overcome intractable NRF2-activated cancers.
A Proposal for Classification of Document Data with Unobserved Categories Considering Latent Topics
Yamamoto, Yusei,Mikawa, Kenta,Goto, Masayuki Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2017 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.16 No.2
With rapid development on information society, automatic document classification by machine learning has become even more important. In document classification, it is assumed that a new input data can be classified into any of the categories observed in the training data. Therefore, if a new input data belongs to an unobserved category which does not exist in the training data, then such data cannot be classified exactly. To solve the above problem, Arakawa et al. proposed the method which models the generative probabilities of documents with a mixture of Polya distributions and estimates the optimum category within all observed and unobserved categories where it is assumed that documents in each category are generated from each single Polya distribution. However, the statistical characteristics of document categories are generally more complicated and there are various underlying latent topics in a category. Because a single Polya distribution models each category in the conventional approach, this method cannot represent the variation of word frequency depending on plural unobserved latent topics. This paper proposes a new model which assumes a mixture of Polya distributions for the generative probabilities of documents in a category to represent plural latent topics. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conduct the simulation experiments of document classification by using a set of English newspaper articles.
Yamamoto, Seigi,De, Debojyoti,Hidaka, Kumi,Kim, Kyeong Kyu,Endo, Masayuki,Sugiyama, Hiroshi American Chemical Society 2014 NANO LETTERS Vol.14 No.5
<P>We report the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study Sox2–Pax6 complex formation on the regulatory DNA element at a single molecule level. Using an origami DNA scaffold containing two DNA strands with different levels of tensile force, we confirmed that DNA bending is necessary for Sox2 binding. We also demonstrated that two transcription factors bind cooperatively by observing the increased occupancy of Sox2–Pax6 on the DNA element compared to that of Sox2 alone.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2014/nalefd.2014.14.issue-5/nl4044949/production/images/medium/nl-2013-044949_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl4044949'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
A Proposal for Classification of Document Data with Unobserved Categories Considering Latent Topics
Yusei Yamamoto,Kenta Mikawa,Masayuki Goto 대한산업공학회 2017 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.16 No.2
With rapid development on information society, automatic document classification by machine learning has become even more important. In document classification, it is assumed that a new input data can be classified into any of the categories observed in the training data. Therefore, if a new input data belongs to an unobserved category which does not exist in the training data, then such data cannot be classified exactly. To solve the above problem, Arakawa et al. proposed the method which models the generative probabilities of documents with a mixture of Polya distributions and estimates the optimum category within all observed and unobserved categories where it is assumed that documents in each category are generated from each single Polya distribution. However, the statistical characteristics of document categories are generally more complicated and there are various underlying latent topics in a category. Because a single Polya distribution models each category in the conventional approach, this method cannot represent the variation of word frequency depending on plural unobserved latent topics. This paper proposes a new model which assumes a mixture of Polya distributions for the generative probabilities of documents in a category to represent plural latent topics. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conduct the simulation experiments of document classification by using a set of English newspaper articles.
Takei, Hiroki,Yamamoto, Kiyofumi,Bae, Yong-Chul,Shirakawa, Tetsuo,Kobayashi, Masayuki Frontiers Media S.A. 2017 Frontiers in neural circuits Vol.11 No.-
<P>Histamine H<SUB>3</SUB> receptors are autoreceptors that regulate histamine release from histaminergic neuronal terminals. The cerebral cortex, including the insular cortex (IC), expresses abundant H<SUB>3</SUB> receptors; however, the functions and mechanisms of H<SUB>3</SUB> receptors remain unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate the functional roles of H<SUB>3</SUB> in synaptic transmission in layer V of the rat IC. Unitary excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (uEPSCs and uIPSCs) were obtained through paired whole-cell patch-clamp recording in cerebrocortical slice preparations. The H<SUB>3</SUB> receptor agonist, R-α-methylhistamine (RAMH), reduced the uEPSC amplitude obtained from pyramidal cell to pyramidal cell or GABAergic interneuron connections. Similarly, RAMH reduced the uIPSC amplitude in GABAergic interneuron to pyramidal cell connections. RAMH-induced decreases in both the uEPSC and uIPSC amplitudes were accompanied by increases in the failure rate and paired-pulse ratio. JNJ 5207852 dihydrochloride or thioperamide, H<SUB>3</SUB> receptor antagonists, inhibited RAMH-induced suppression of uEPSCs and uIPSCs. Unexpectedly, thioperamide alone increased the uIPSC amplitude, suggesting that thioperamide was likely to act as an inverse agonist. Miniature EPSC or IPSC recordings support the hypothesis that the activation of H<SUB>3</SUB> receptors suppresses the release of glutamate and GABA from presynaptic terminals. The colocalization of H<SUB>3</SUB> receptors and glutamate decarboxylase or vesicular glutamate transport protein 1 in presynaptic axon terminals was confirmed through double pre-embedding microscopy, using a combination of pre-embedding immunogold and immunoperoxidase techniques. The suppressive regulation of H<SUB>3</SUB> heteroreceptors on synaptic transmission might mediate the regulation of sensory information processes, such as gustation and visceral sensation, in the IC.</P>
Corrosion on Steel Surfaces with Sea-Salt Deposition and Artificial Seawater Film
Katayama, Hideki,Yamamoto, Masahiro,Kodama, Toshiaki,Nagasawa, Makoto,Itagaki, Masayuki,Watanabe, Kunihiro 한국부식방식학회 2004 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.3 No.2
The conditions to simulate the atmospheric corrosion behavior in the laboratory were investigated to clarify atmospheric corrosion mechanism of steel material in coastal area. For airborne sea salt and artificial seawater droplet, the various behaviors were observed by optical microscope. The particle size of the dried airborne sea salt was about 20 ㎛, and was about 1/10 compared with the artificial seawater droplet. Though the airborne sea salt represented the same behavior as the thermodynamic water absorption, the behavior of the artificial seawater droplet deviated from the results of the thermodynamic calculation. It is concluded that the water absorption behavior is influenced by the particle size of the dried sea salt. The corrosion behaviors of carbon steels were observed under the deposited condition of airborne sea salt and artificial seawater droplet. The corrosion behaviors showed a different trend, indicating that the corrosion behavior depended on the particle size of the dried sea salt. The corrosion in the actual environment progressed greater than that in the chamber. Furthermore, the summer showed the greater corrosion than the spring. It is found that the corrosion behaviors are attributed to the influence of the environmental factors.