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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Masato Yamauchi (검색결과 4 건)
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Morphological classification and comparison of suboccipital muscle fiber characteristics
Masato Yamauchi,Masahito Yamamoto,Kei Kitamura,Sumiharu Morita,Ryotaro Nagakura,Satoru Matsunaga,Shinichi Abe 대한해부학회 2017 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.50 No.4
In an attempt to clarify the function of the suboccipital muscles, we performed morphological observation of the suboccipital muscles for variations in the muscle belly and compared the morphology of their muscle fibers in terms of cross-sectional area by immunostaining with anti-myosin heavy chain antibodies. The cadavers of 25 Japanese individuals were used: 22 for morphological examinations and three for histological examinations. Among samples of the rectus capitis posterior major muscle (RCPma) and rectus capitis posterior minor muscle (RCPmi), 86.4% had a typical muscle appearance with a single belly, and 13.6% had an anomalous morphology. None of the samples of the obliquus capitis superior (OCS) or obliquus capitis inferior (OCI) muscles had an anomalous appearance. Measurement of cross-sectional area revealed that fast-twitch muscle fibers in the RCPma and OCI had a significantly greater cross-sectional area than those of the RCPmi and OCS. The cross-sectional area of intermediate muscle fibers was also significantly greater in the OCS than in the RCPma, RCPmi, and OCI. The cross-sectional area of slow-twitch muscle fibers was significantly greater in the OCS than in the RCPma, RCPmi, and OCI, and the RCPmi showed a significantly greater cross-sectional area for slow-twitch muscle fibers than did the RCPma, and OCI. Our findings indicate that the RCPmi and OCS exert a greater force than the RCPma and OCI, and act as anti-gravity agonist muscles of the head. Prolonged head extension in individuals with anomalous suboccipital muscle groups could result in dysfunction due to undue stress.
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Perspective of Small-Molecule AdipoR Agonist for Type 2 Diabetes and Short Life in Obesity
Miki Okada-Iwabu,Masato Iwabu,Kohjiro Ueki,Toshimasa Yamauchi,Takashi Kadowaki 대한당뇨병학회 2015 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.39 No.5
Obesity associated with unhealthy diet and lack of exercise is shown to contribute to the onset and/or aggravation of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes, thus placing affected individuals at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Plasma adiponectin levels are decreased in obesity, which causes insulin resistance and diabetes. Therefore, we identified adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) as the therapeutic target. It was suggested that, similarly to caloric restriction and exercise, activation of the AdipoRs may have the potential not only to improve lifestyle-related diseases but to contribute to prolonged the shortened lifespan on a high caloric unhealthy diet. To this end, we have identified “AdipoRon” as an adiponectin receptor agonist. Indeed, AdipoRon ameliorated diabetes associated with obesity as well as to increase exercise endurance, thus prolonging shortened lifespan of obese mice fed on a high fat diet. Additionally, we have recently determined the crystal structures of the human AdipoRs. The seven-transmembrane helices of AdipoRs are structurally distinct from those of G-protein coupled receptors. It is expected that these findings will contribute not only to the elucidation of the AdipoR-related signal transduction but to the development and optimization of AdipoR-targeted therapeutics for obesity-related diseases such as diabetes.
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Neutron and Proton Measurements of Cylindrical Radially Convergent Beam Fusion
sonoe Oura,Akitoshi Okino,Eiki Hotta,Kunihito Yamauchi,Masato Watanabe,Morimasa Yuura,Toshiyuki Kohno 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III
Radially convergent beam fusion (RCBF) has been studied for practical use as a portable neutron/ proton source for various applications such as landmine detection and medical positron emission tomography. However, some problems remain for practical use, and the most critical one is the insufficiency of absolute neutron/proton yields. In this study, a new RCBF device was designed and tested to obtain higher neutron/proton yields. The key features of the new device are the cylindrical electrode configuration in consideration of better electrostatic confinement of ions and extraction of protons, and an integrated ion source. From the experiments using deuterium gas, it was confirmed that the ion source works effectively. At the same discharge condition of voltage and current, the obtained neutron production rate was about one order of magnitude higher than that of the conventional spherical RCBF device. A maximum neutron production rate of 6.8 × 109 n/s was obtained at a pulsed discharge of .70 kV, 10 A. For application as a proton source, proton yield in the RCBF device should be investigated, but the RCBF device also produces X-rays and electrons. To count protons by Solid-State Detector (SSD), it is necessary to eliminate these X-rays and electrons. Therefore, a new proton-counting system that has been designed has three magnetic deflectors. The SSD position was determined by a calculation of the proton trajectory.bt
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Yamamoto Tomohiko,Kato Atsushi,Hayakawa Masato,Shimoyama Kazuhito,Ara Kuniaki,Hatakeyama Nozomu,Yamauchi Kanau,Eda Yuhei,Yui Masahiro 한국원자력학회 2024 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.56 No.3
In a secondary cooling system of a sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR), rapid detection of hydrogen due to sodiumwater reaction (SWR) caused by water leakage from a heat exchanger tube of a steam generator (SG) is important in terms of safety and property protection of the SFR. For hydrogen detection, the hydrogen detectors using atomic transmission phenomenon of hydrogen within Ni-membrane were used in Japanese proto-type SFR “Monju”. However, during the plant operation, detection signals of water leakage were observed even in the situation without SWR concerning temperature up and down in the cooling system. For this reason, the study of a new hydrogen detector has been carried out to improve stability, accuracy and reliability. In this research, the authors focus on the difference in composition of hydrogen and the difference between the background hydrogen under normal plant operation and the one generated by SWR and theoretically estimate the hydrogen behavior in liquid sodium by using ultra-accelerated quantum chemical molecular dynamics (UA-QCMD). Based on the estimation, dissolved H or NaH, rather than molecular hydrogen (H2), is the predominant form of the background hydrogen in liquid sodium in terms of energetical stability. On the other hand, it was found that hydrogen molecules produced by the sodium-water reaction can exist stably as a form of a fine bubble concerning some confinement mechanism such as a NaH layer on their surface. At the same time, we observed experimentally that the fine H2 bubbles exist stably in the liquid sodium, longer than previously expected. This paper describes the comparison between the theoretical estimation and experimental results based on hydrogen form in sodium in the development of the new hydrogen detector in Japan.
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