Effect of ECG Sampling Frequency on Approximate Entropy based HRV

Manjit Singh,Butta Singh,Vijay Kumar Banga 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Techn Vol.6 No.4

Developing a Biomedical Expert Finding System Using Medical Subject Headings

Harpreet Singh,Reema Singh,Arjun Malhotra,Manjit Kaur 대한의료정보학회 2013 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.19 No.4

Objectives: Efficient identification of subject experts or expert communities is vital for the growth of any organization. Most of the available expert finding systems are based on self-nomination, which can be biased, and are unable to rank experts. Thus, the objective of this work was to develop a robust and unbiased expert finding system which can quantitatively measure expertise. Methods: Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a controlled vocabulary developed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) for indexing research publications, articles and books. Using the MeSH terms associated with peer-reviewed articles published from India and indexed in PubMed, we developed a Web-based program which can be used to identify subject experts and subjects associated with an expert. Results: We have extensively tested our system to identify experts from India in various subjects. The system provides a ranked list of experts where known experts rank at the top of the list. The system is general; since it uses information available with the PubMed, it can be implemented for any country. Conclusions: The expert finding system is able to successfully identify subject experts in India. Our system is unique because it allows the quantification of subject expertise, thus enabling the ranking of experts. Our system is based on peer-reviewed information. Use of MeSH terms as subjects has standardized the subject terminology. The system matches requirements of an ideal expert finding system.

Patterns of Cancer: A Study of 500 Punjabi Patients

Bal, Manjit Singh,Bodal, Vijay Kumar,Kaur, Jaspreet,Kaur, Mohanvir,Sharma, Swati Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.12

The State of Punjab has been in focus because of aperceived increasing rate of cancer. Both print and electronic media have created an impression that Punjab, especially the cotton belt of Malwa Region, has become a high incidence cancer region. Actually the increased number of cancer patients might be at least partly because of increasing population and heightened health awareness and reporting. The purpose of this study is to find out the pattern of cancer amongst patients registered in Mukh Mantri Punjab Cancer Rahat Kosh Scheme (MMPCRKS), under cancer registry at Rajindra Hospital Patiala from the various districts of Punjab. The study covers 500 cancer patients registered under MMPCRKS at Rajindra Hospital Patiala, for free cancer treatment. Information regarding age, gender, religion, method of diagnosis and affected sites was obtained. Results were analyzed statistically. Of the 500 patients, 65% were females and 35% were males. The most affected female age groups were 50-54 and 60-64; while males in the age groups of 65-69 and 60-64 had the highest risk. The leading cancers in females were breast followed by cervix and ovary where as in males they were were colon followed by esophagus and tongue. The commonest histological type was adenocarcinoma followed by squamous cell carcinoma. The increasing trend of cancer in Punjab is alarming. Since this study is a preliminary investigation, it could provide a leading role in prevention, treatment and future planning regarding cancer in Punjab.

No Association between the CCR5Δ32 Polymorphism and Sporadic Esophageal Cancer in Punjab, North-West India

Sambyal, Vasudha,Manjari, Mridu,Sudan, Meena,Uppal, Manjit Singh,Singh, Neeti Rajan,Singh, Harpreet,Guleria, Kamlesh Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.10

Background: Chemokines and their receptors influence carcinogenesis and cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) directs spread of cancer to other tissues. A 32 base pair deletion in the coding region of CCR5 that might alter the expression or function of the protein has been implicated in a variety of immune-mediated diseases. The action of antiviral drugs being proposed as adjuvant therapy in cancer is dependent on CCR5 wild type status. In the present study, distribution of CCR5${\Delta}32$ polymorphism was assessed in North Indian esophageal cancer patients to explore the potential of using chemokine receptors antagonists as adjuvant therapy. Materials and Methods: DNA samples of 175 sporadic esophageal cancer patients (69 males and 106 females) and 175 unrelated healthy control individuals (69 males and 106 females) were screened for the CCR5${\Delta}32$ polymorphism by direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The frequencies of wild type homozygous (CCR5/CCR5), heterozygous (CCR5/${\Delta}32$) and homozygous mutant (${\Delta}32/{\Delta}32$) genotypes were 96.0 vs 97.72%, 4.0 vs 1.71% and 0 vs 0.57% in patients and controls respectively. There was no difference in the genotype and allele frequencies of CCR5${\Delta}32$ polymorphism in esophageal cancer patients and control group. Conclusions: The CCR5${\Delta}32$ polymorphism is not associated with esophageal cancer in North Indians. As the majority of patients express the wild type allele, there is potential of using antiviral drug therapy as adjuvant therapy.

Analysis of TP53 Polymorphisms in North Indian Sporadic Esophageal Cancer Patients

Kaur, Sukhpreet,Sambyal, Vasudha,Guleria, Kamlesh,Manjari, Mridu,Sudan, Meena,Uppal, Manjit Singh,Singh, Neeti Rajan,Singh, Gursimran,Singh, Harpreet Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.19

Background: To investigate the relationship of five TP53 polymorphisms (p.P47S, p.R72P, PIN3 ins16bp, p.R213R and r.13494g>a) with the esophageal cancer (EC) risk in North Indians. Materials and Methods: Genotyping of p.P47S, p.R72P, PIN3 ins16bp, p.R213R and r.13494g>a polymorphisms of TP53 in 136 sporadic EC patients and 136 controls using polymerase chain reaction and PCR-RFLP. Results: The frequencies of genotype RR, RP and PP of p.R72P polymorphism were 16.91 vs 26.47%, 58.82 vs 49.27% and 24.27 vs 24.27% among patients and controls respectively. We observed significantly increased frequency of RP genotype in cases as compared to controls (OR=1.87, 95% CI, 1.01-3.46, p=0.05). The frequencies of genotype A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2 of PIN3 ins16bp polymorphism were 69.12 vs 70.59%, 27.20 vs 25% and 3.68 vs 4.41% among patients and controls. There was no significant difference among genotype and allele distribution between patients and controls. The frequencies of genotype GG, GA and AA of r.13494g>a polymorphism were 62.50 vs 64.70%, 34.56 vs 30.15% and 2.94 vs 5.15% among patients and controls respectively. No significant difference between genotype and allele frequency was observed in the patients and controls. For p.P47S and p.R213R polymorphisms, all the cases and controls had homozygous wild type genotype. The RP-A1A1-GG genotype combination shows significant risk for EC (OR=2.01, 95%CI: 1.01-3.99, p=0.05). Conclusions: Among the five TP53 polymorphisms investigated, only p.R72P polymorphism may contributes to EC susceptibility.

Evaluation of Flow and Average Entropy Based Detection Mecha-nism for DDoS Attacks using NS-2

Raghav Vadehra,Manjit Singh,Butta Singh,Nitika Chowdhary 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.5

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks has started posing a serious threat to all sorts of businesses, which have used the power of internet to their credit. DDoS attacks have put a big question mark on the capabilities and reliability of the World Wide Web. The use of supreme techniques to combat the DDoS attacks has not been substantial enough to fight the distributed nature of attacks. Hackers have been successful in blocking the services and flooding traffic to servers, in spite of a tight check on the network. Thus, in the view of personal data being present on the web and the threat to global economy worth million dollars, it becomes really important to devise some new techniques that are self-capable enough to capture, trace and nullify the dangers posed by such attacks. This term paper talks about such solutions to combat DDoS attacks. Here, the flow entropy in combination with average entropy technique is used to detect an attack. It highlights how the loop holes of one technique are covered by the other, resulting in a considerable improvisation in the methods of how we deal with these attacks.

Re-definition of position and calculation of safe area for axillary nerve in deltoid muscle with its clinical relevance : a cadaveric study

Apurba Patra,Manjit Singh,Harsimarjit Kaur,Rajan Kumar Singla,Vishal Malhotra 대한해부학회 2018 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.51 No.2

Several authors have made efforts to define the position of the axillary nerve within deltoid muscle and to calculate the so called safe area for this nerve but it still remains a matter of debate. The primary aim of the study was to investigate the acromio-axillary (AA) distance and its correlation with upper arm length. The secondary aim was to re-define the safe area for axillary nerve within deltoid muscle. Sixty shoulders of thirty adult human cadavers were dissected using standard methods. The distance from the anterior and posterior edge of acromion to the upper border of the course of the axillary nerve was measured and recorded as anterior and posterior AA distance respectively. Correlation analysis was done between the upper arm length and AA distance for each limb. The ratios between anterior and posterior AA distance and upper arm length were calculated and mentioned as anterior index and posterior index, respectively. The mean of anterior and posterior AA distance was 5.22 cm and 4.17 cm, respectively. The mean of upper arm length was 29.30 cm. The means of anterior index and posterior indices were 0.18 and 0.14, respectively. There was a significant correlation between upper arm length and both the anterior and posterior AA distance. The axillary nerve was found to lie at variable distance from the acromion. The minimum AA distance was found to be 3.50 cm. So this should be considered as the maximum permissible length of the deltoid split. Upper arm length has strong correlation with both anterior and posterior AA distances. The ideal safe area for the axillary nerve was found to be a quadrangular area above it and the size of which depends on the length of the upper arm.

Design and Development of Symmetrical E-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna for Multiband Wireless Applications

Pavneet Kaur,Gurmohan Singh,Jaspal Singh,Manjit Kaur 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.10

Microstrip patch antennas have made great advancements in wireless communication field in recent years. They have many advantages like light weight, low cost, smaller size, easy fabrication, high data rates, and capability to operate at multiband and wideband. They can be directly printed on a PCB and are gaining popularity in mobile phones. As the demand of operational bands increases, the design procedure of microstrip antenna is becoming very difficult. The microstrip antenna must be compact in size to employ them in miniaturized portable devices. Microstrip antenna comprise of rectangle, square, circle, triangle, donut, and dipole shaped patches. This paper presents design and development of a microstrip patch antenna for multiband wireless applications. The proposed geometry contains a substrate having rectangular radiating patch with symmetrical E-shaped slots on one side and a ground plane on other side. The designed miniaturized antenna has dimensions of 25 x 25 x 1.58 mm. The performance parameters-operating frequency, return loss (S11), and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) are computed for the designed geometry. The fabricated antenna exhibits five frequency bands from 6.166 to 10.500 GHz. The computed return loss values are -14.9, -10.7, -14.3, -13.5 and -14.6 dB at frequencies 6.166, 6.833, 8.166, 9.500 and 10.500 GHz respectively. The observed VSWR values for the resonant frequency peaks are 1.43, 1.82, 1.48, 1.54 and 1.46 respectively. The values obtained for VSWR (between 1 and 2) and S11 (below -10dB) are within recommended range for the desired frequency bands. FR4 substrate is used for the fabrication of the antenna having permittivity of 4.4. The performance parameters of fabricated antenna geometry are computed using VNA tool.

Association of +405C>G and +936C>T Polymorphisms of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene with Sporadic Breast Cancer in North Indians

Kapahi, Ruhi,Manjari, Mridu,Sudan, Meena,Uppal, Manjit Singh,Singh, Neeti Rajan,Sambyal, Vasudha,Guleria, Kamlesh Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.1

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an endothelial cell specific mitogen, has been implicated as a critical factor influencing tumor related angiogenesis. The aim of present study was to evaluate the relationship between VEGF +936C>T and +405C>G polymorphisms of VEGF with risk of breast cancer in Punjab, India. Materials and Methods: We screened DNA samples of 192 sporadic breast cancer patients and 192 unrelated healthy, gender and age matched control individuals for VEGF +936C>T and +405C>G polymorphisms using the PCR-RFLP method. Results: For the VEGF +405C>G polymorphism, we observed significantly increased frequency of GG genotype in cases as compared to controls and strong association of +405GG genotype was observed with three fold risk for breast cancer (OR=3.07; 95%CI 1.41-6.65; p=0.003). For the +936C>T polymorphism, significant associations of CT and combined CT+TT genotypes were observed with elevated risk of breast cancer (p=0.021; 0.023). The combined genotype combinations of GG-CC and GG-CT of +405C>G and +936C>T polymorphisms were found to be significantly associated with increased risk of breast cancer (p=0.04; 0.0064). Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicated significant associations of VEGF +936C>T and +405C>G polymorphisms with increased breast cancer risk in patients from Punjab, North India.

p.R72P, PIN3 Ins16bp Polymorphisms of TP53 and CCR5Δ32 in North Indian Breast Cancer Patients

Guleria, Kamlesh,Sharma, Sarika,Manjari, Mridu,Uppal, Manjit Singh,Singh, Neeti Rajan,Sambyal, Vasudha Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.7

Background: The present study aimed to find the prognostic implications of two polymorphisms in TP53 (p.R72P, PIN3 Ins16bp) and one in CCR5 ($CCR5{\Delta}32$) in sporadic breast cancer patients. Methods: DNA samples of 80 breast cancer patients and 80 age and gender matched unrelated healthy control individuals from Punjab, North West India were analyzed. Results: For p.R72P, the genotype frequency was 13.8% (RR), 58.8% (RP), 27.5% (PP) in patients and 33.9% (RR), 40.0% (RP), 26.5% (PP) in controls. For PIN3 Ins16bp, the genotype frequencies were 53.75% (A1A1), 37.5% (A1A2), 8.75% (A2A2) in patients and 66.3% (A1A1), 31.3% (A1A2), 2.5% (A2A2) in controls. Only 4 (5%) breast cancer patients were heterozygous for $CCR5{\Delta}32$ deletion. Common RR-A1A1-WT/WT genotype was lower while RP-A1A2-WT/WT genotype was higher in patients as compared to controls. RP-A1A1-WT/WT genotype was significantly higher in patients as compared to control individuals (p = 0.008). Conclusion: Though a clear association of any particular genotype with sporadic breast cancer or stage was not apparent, the results of present study were suggestive that sporadic breast cancer patients with RR-A1A1-WT/WT genotype might have a better response to chemotherapy, thus improving their chances of survival.