ADVANCED MMIS TOWARD SUBSTANTIAL REDUCTION IN HUMAN ERRORS IN NPPS

Seong, Poong Hyun,Kang, Hyun Gook,Na, Man Gyun,Kim, Jong Hyun,Heo, Gyunyoung,Jung, Yoensub Korean Nuclear Society 2013 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.45 No.2

This paper aims to give an overview of the methods to inherently prevent human errors and to effectively mitigate the consequences of such errors by securing defense-in-depth during plant management through the advanced man-machine interface system (MMIS). It is needless to stress the significance of human error reduction during an accident in nuclear power plants (NPPs). Unexpected shutdowns caused by human errors not only threaten nuclear safety but also make public acceptance of nuclear power extremely lower. We have to recognize there must be the possibility of human errors occurring since humans are not essentially perfect particularly under stressful conditions. However, we have the opportunity to improve such a situation through advanced information and communication technologies on the basis of lessons learned from our experiences. As important lessons, authors explained key issues associated with automation, man-machine interface, operator support systems, and procedures. Upon this investigation, we outlined the concept and technical factors to develop advanced automation, operation and maintenance support systems, and computer-based procedures using wired/wireless technology. It should be noted that the ultimate responsibility of nuclear safety obviously belongs to humans not to machines. Therefore, safety culture including education and training, which is a kind of organizational factor, should be emphasized as well. In regard to safety culture for human error reduction, several issues that we are facing these days were described. We expect the ideas of the advanced MMIS proposed in this paper to lead in the future direction of related researches and finally supplement the safety of NPPs.

韓國産 미꾸리에 關한 育種·繁殖學的 硏究 : Ⅵ. Histological Changes of Pituitary Gland and Oocytes from March to May Ⅵ. 계절에 따른 암컷의 腦下垂體와 卵母細胞의 組織學的 變化

姜京來,盧淳昌,尹鍾萬,朴弘陽,李相鎬 건국대학교 동물자원연구센터 1993 動物資源硏究誌 Vol.18 No.-

1992년 3월부터 1992년 5월까지 자연적인 채광상태에서 溫度를 유지시킨 후 채취된 미꾸리 암컷의 腦下垂體, 肝 및 卵巢 組織의 번식주기에 일어나는 미세구조의 변화를 광학 및 투과형 전자현미경을 이용하여 살펴보고, 이것들의 相互 聯關性을 알기 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 성숙된 개체의 뇌하수체는 수많은 작은 분비과립과 커다란 분비구 및 불규칙한 형태의 과립들이 관찰되었다. 핵소체가 핵막 주변에 위치헤 있는 후기 단계(LMO)의 난모세포가 난황이 축적되는 성숙초기 단계(EMO)의 난모세포로 변형되는 시기를 난황의 형성이 개시되는 시기로 본다. 난모세포가 성장함에 따라 핵소체의 크기와 난황과립의 수가 증가하게 된다. 난황과립은 결정상의 과립으로 난세포질에 치밀하지 않은 상태로 축적된다. 성숙초기(EMO) 및 말기단계(LMO)에 난소는 커지고 투명하며 과립형태로서 색깔이 연노란색을 나타낸다. 따라서 난 내부를 쉽게 관찰할 수 있다. 방사대(ZR)는 성숙초기단계(EMO)에 단층으로부터 입방형태로 변화된다. 과립막 세포와 난모세포로 부터 유래된 미세융모는 난황형성이 진행되는 동안에 성장하게 되며, 방사대의 pore canals의 구멍을 통해서 서로 연결되어 있다. 따라서 외부로부터 물질의 이동이 있게 된다. 난모세포가 완전하게 성숙되어 방사대가 단단해 지면 미세융모는 그 기능이 상실된다. This study was undertaken to understand the development stages of pituitary gland, liver and ovary of Korean loach(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) under natural circumstances from March to May 1922. Expecially, the light microscopic and ultrastructural changes of ooplasm and follicular membranes of oocytes, were observed by light and transmission electron microscope during the reproductive cycle. In pituitary gland of mature individuals, there were observed a number of secretory granules,large globules, and irregular masses.The vitellogenic phase began as these late perinucleolus oocytes became transformed into early maturing oocytes through the accumulation of yolk. The size of the nucleoli and number of the yolk granules increased as the oocyte growed. Yolk granules were loosely deposited in the oocyte as crystalline granules. Due to the presence of early and late maturing oocytes, their ovaries were enlarged transparent, granular and yellowish in color. Zona radiata change a squamous into cuboid shape in EMO stage. Microvilli from the granulosa cells and from the oocyte grow and make contact with each other in the pore canals of the zona radiata during vitellogenesis, but are withdrawn as the zona radiata becomes more compact during oocyte maturation.

생쥐 2-세포기 수정란의 초급속동결

강만종,이철상,한용만,유대열,이경광 제주대학교 농과대학 제주도축산문제연구소 1991 畜産論叢 Vol.6 No.1

This study was carried out in order to investigate eggects of cryoprotectant concentration and equilibration time on survival of ultrarapidly frozen 2-cell mouse embryos Mouse 2-cell embryos. fol-lowing dehydration by exposure to DMSO and sucrose. were directly immersed into liquid nitrogen and thawed in 37℃ water. Viability was defined by development rate to the blastocyst stage after in vitro culture for 72 hours. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. When 0.25M of sucrose was added into the freezing medium a t various concentrations of DMSO and dilution medium, higher development rate of embryo was obtained in 3.0M DMSO conentrations (82.6%). However, When sucrose concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5M were added to the freezing medium with 3.0M DMSO and dilution medium, development rate of embryos were 81.7% and 24.1%, respectively. 2. In the equilibration time at room temperature, higher development rate was attained after short period of time(2.5min) in 3.0M DMSO +0.25M sucrose(85.9%). 3. The development rate of embryos at in vitro 2-celL in vivo 2-celL solution control and untreated control was 84.6%, 90.9%, 89.9%. and 89.7%. respectively.

다수의 냉동시스템에 의한 저온 저장고의 에너지 성능평가

강동언,김성만,운종호,이의준,박영하,현명택 濟州大學校 産業技術硏究所 2000 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.11 No.1

The cool storage system(CSS) is a specific building that is required only cooling load without heating during the whole year. CSS uses a electric energy which is very expensive and is required much amount of energy due to temperature differences between interior and ambient temperatures. The purpose of this study is to assess the energy performance of the multi-unit cooler operating control system. For the prediction of its performance, two types of test (KIER). First cell is equiped with one .are installed a t Korea Institute of Energy Research large unit cooler. and second cell consists of two small unit coolers. According to the results of experiments using these cells. the multi-unit cooler operating control system is found to be effective in energy saving and beneficial for storage due to much less deviation of temperature.

다수의 냉동시스템에 의한 저온 저장고의 에너지 성능평가

김성만,윤종호,박영하,이의준,강동언,현명택 제주대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.11 No.1

The cool storage system(CSS) is a specific building that is required only cooling load without heating during the whole year. CSS uses a electric energy which is very expensive and is required much amount of energy due to temperature differences between interior and ambient temperatures. The purpose of this study is to assess the energy performance of the multi-unit cooler operating control system. For the prediction of its performance, two types of test cell are installed at Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER). First cell is equiped with one large unit cooler, and second cell consists of two small unit coolers. According to the results of experiments using these cells, the multi-unit cooler operating control system is found to be effective in energy saving and beneficial for storage due to much less deviation of temperature.

실과 교육에서의 학생 중심적 교수·학습 모델 개발과 적용 효과에 관한 연구 : 「전기기구 다루기」에 관하여 For 「Handling of Electric Tools」

권만옥,강종표 晋州敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 1999 初等敎育硏究 Vol.9 No.-

갓대 形質 相互間의 相關關係

金種萬,李康寧 진주농과대학 1970 진주농과대학 연구논문집 Vol.- No.9

智異山 갓대의 여러가지 形質을 調査하여 收量에 關係되는 點을 알고자 形質 相互間의 相關關係와 偏相關係表를 算出한바 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 稈長과 元口直徑, 節數, 枝數, 節間長, 重量 間에는 高度의 相關關係를 보였고, 元口直徑과 節數, 枝數 節間長, 重量 間에도 높은 相關關係를 보였으며 그 外 形質 間에도 높은 相關關係를 보였다. 2. 重量과 諸形質 間에는 높은 相關關係를 보였으나 稈長, 元口直徑, 節數, 枝數, 節間長 順으로 보였다. 3. 稈長을 一定하게 하였을 때 重量과 節間長 間에는 負의 높은 相關關係를 보였고 그外 形質間에는 모두 正의 높은 相關關係를 보였다. 4. 元口直徑을 一定하게 하였을 때 重量과 枝數間에는 相關關係가 없었고 그外 다른 形質間에는 모두 높은 相關關係를 보였다. 5. 節數, 節間長을 一定하게 하였을 때 重量과 諸形質間에는 모두 높은 相關關係를 보였다. 6. 稈長과 各 節間長 間에는 높은 相關關係를 보였으며 特히 第7節間長을 頂點으로 하여 前後 점차 작게 보였다. 以上의 結果에서 갓대의 收量增加에는 上記의 諸形質이 關係되고 있으나 枝數는 影響이 적은 形質로 推定된다. The studies were intended to investigate the relationships among some characters of Sasamorpha chiisanensis in Mt. Chi-ri. The characters were six, namely culm length, large end diameter, number of nodes, number of branches, length of internodes and weight, etc. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Correlation coefficients between characters were shown in table 1. From the results, it was observed that correlations among six characters, and correlations between the weight and other characters were shown closely. 2. Partial correlation coefficients among these characters were also shown in table 2. From this table, it could be recognized that the weight would be affected closely by these characters except number of branches. It was also observed that there were close positive correlations except internodes length. 3. Correlation coefficients between the culm length and each internodes were shown in table 3. From the results, it was observed that correlations between the culm length and each internodes were shown closely. And it could be recognized that the values gradually were decreased back and forth form 7 internodes. In conclusion, we can estimate that the yield of Sasamorpha chiisanesis depends upon the various characters but the number of branches has fairly little effect on the yield.

운동전·후 淸暑益氣湯 투여방법이 2,000m 달리기시 선수들의 운동피로회복에 미치는 영향

유종만,이규성,강명신,오재근,최용어 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所 1994 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.13 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two different chung-seo-ik-gi-tang administration types on fatigue induced during 2,000 m running in 12 healthy-male elite boxer. All subjects were divided randomly with two groups, Pre-administration Group(A: N=7) and Pre- and Post-administration Group(B: N=7) and performed 2,000 m maximal running. The blood samples were collected from antecubital vein by 10ml syranges(6ml/each) at before exercise, immediately after exhaustion, recover-10 min, recover-20 min and recover-30 min. These samples were used to analyze for the level of glucose, lactate, TG, LDH, pH, HCO₃?, Na??, K??. The statistically analyzed results of various blood parameters were summarized as follow, 1. Plasma glucose were not showed significant difference between two groups. but glucose lwvel at post-exercise and rest-30 min in B group wes significantly decreased. 2. Lactate accumulation in B group was significantly decreased at post-exercise and rest-30 min.. And lactate level at rest-30 min. was showed significant difference between two gruops. 3. Serum LDH response to 2,000 m running at post-exercise and recovary periods was showed significant changes in B group. 4. Venous pH at post-exercise, HCO₃? at post-exercise and rest-30 min. in A group and pH at post-exercise and rest-10, 20 min., HCO₃? at post-exercise were showed significant changes. But there were not showed significant difference between two groups. 5. K?? level in B group was showed significant difference compared to A group. And also K?? level at rest-30 min. in B group was showed significant change. The results indicated that Chung-seo-ik-pi-tang had the effects of ergogenic aids on fatigue and recovery during 2,000 m maximal running.

VDT작업별 정신사회적 스트레스와 근골격계 장애에 관한 연구

백남종,강종두,주영수,배인근,권호장,박종만,조수헌,김돈규,김재용,최홍렬 大韓産業醫學會 1998 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.10 No.4

It has been hypothesized that jobs that have both high psychological demands and low decision latitude("job strain") can lead to musculoskeletal disorder. The objective of this study was to test whether job strain was correlated with the presence of work-related musculoskeletal disorder, especially myofascial pain syndrome(MPS). Information on demographic factors, confounders such as household load and taking care of children or not, and scores for decision latitude, job demand, and social support was obtained by self-administered questionnaire, which had been developed in Korean language, by adopting NIOSH instrument and Extended Karasek Model(16 items). All subjects were also examined by rehabilitation medicine specialists for musculoskeletal disorders. Subjects(n=370) could be categorized into 4 groups, these were, housewives(n=89), shipyard CAD workers(n=89), general female workers(n=79; nurses, insurance counselors, public officials, clerks, etc), and telephone directory assistance operators(n=113). Results from univariate analyses indicated that all demographic factors, all confounders, scores for decision latitude and social support were not associated with the risk of musculoskeletal disorder. However, score for job demand was higher in musculoskeletal disorder cases than others. In subgroup analysis, this association was convinced again, in telephone directory assistance operators. Job strain model showed that the group of telephone directory assistance operators was high-stain group, and OR of musculo skeletal disorder was 2.446(95% C. I. : 1.174, 5.096), when comparing this with the low strain group. In conclusion, job strain is a risk factor for work-related musculoskeletal disorder.

Risperidone 약물치료가 정신분열병 환자의 주의력 및 정보처리 기능에 미치는 영향

우종민,강동우,김이영,김도관,서만길,손성은,홍경수 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.5

연구목적 : 비정형 항전신병약물의 약물 역동학적 특성은 정신분열병 환자의 양성, 음성 증상 뿐 아니라 인지기능에도 긍정적 효과를 미칠 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구의 목적은 정신분열병 환자에서 8주간의 risperidone 약물치료가 주의력과 정보처리력에 미치는 영향을 파악하고, 이것이 임상 증상의 변화와 연관되어 있는지 여부를 알아보는 것이다. 방 법 : 연구 대상은 정신병적 증상의 발현 혹은 악화 상태에 있는 29명의 정신분열병 환자와 정상 대조군 25명이었다. 임상 증상은 치료 전후로 Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Clinical Global Impression 및 Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale을 사용하여 평가하였다. 치료 전후의 환자군과 대조군에 대해 전산화 인지기능 검사인 Vigilance Test, Continuous Attention Test, Reaction Unit Tests, Motor Performance Tests를 시행하여 경계력(vigilance), 지속적 주의력, 시각/청각 자극에 대한 정보처리력 및 미세운동 조절능력을 평가하였다. 결 과 : 치료전 환자군은 경계력과 지속적 주의력, 미세운동 조절능력에서 대조군에 비해 유의하게 저하된 성적을 보였으며, 시각/청각 자극에 대한 반응 결정속도도 저하된 경향을 보였다. 8주간의 risperidone 약물치료 후 임상 증상은 양성척도, 음성척도 및 일반정신병리척도에서 모두 유의한 호전을 보였다. 치료 후 환자군은 시청각 복합 자극에 대한 반응 결정 속도의 유의한 향상을 보였는데, 이는 임상 증상의 호전 정도와 상관성을 보이지 않았다. 단순 자극에 대한 반응결정 속도, 주의력, 미세운동 조절기능 등은 치료 전후로 차이를 보이지 않았고, Vigilance Test의 반응시간은 지연되었다. 치료 후 추체외로 증상 정도와 상관성을 보이는 인지기능 검사 항목은 없었다. 결 론 : 정신분열병 환자는 경계력, 지속적 주의력 및 미세운동 조절기능의 결함을 보이며, 이들 결함은 risperidone 약물치료로 임상증상이 호전된 후에도 비슷한 수준으로 유지되는바, 질병 고유의 특성임이 시사되었다. 치료 후 시청각 복합자극에 대한 반응 결정속도가 향상되었는데, 이는 임상 증상 호전과는 무관한 약물 역동학적 기전에 의한 직접적 효과임이 시사된다. Objectives : The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of risperidone on attention and information-processing in schizophrenic patients after 8 weeks of treatment and to determine whether any improvement on cognitive function relates to improvement in psychopathology. Methods : The subjects were 29 schizophrenic inpatients with active psychotic symptoms and the controls were 25 normal volunteers. Pre- and post-treatment clinical symptoms were assessed by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Clinical Global Impression and Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale. Vigilance, continuous attention, the speed of information-processing and fine motor coordinations were assessed by standardized computerized neurocognitive function tests. Results : At baseline, patients showed significantly poor vigilance and continuous attention than normal controls and these functions were not improved after treatment. The positive and negative symptoms and the general psychopathology were significantly improved. The only item of cognitive tasks significantly improved after treatment was decision time to complex audio-visual stimuli in information-processing task. This improvement was not related to the improvements in psychopathology. The level of extrapyramidal symptoms was not related with any of the cognitive function tests items. Conclusions : Treatment with risperidone appeared to exert a favorable effect on the speed of information-processing and this appeared to be due to a direct pharmacodynamic characteristics of the drug.