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Danijel Bosnar,Hrvoje Kozmar,Stanislav Pospíšil,Michael Macháček 한국풍공학회 2021 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.32 No.5
Onshore wind turbines may experience substantially different wind loads depending on their working conditions, i.e. rotation velocity of rotor blades, incoming freestream wind velocity, pitch angle of rotor blades, and yaw angle of the wind-turbine tower. In the present study, aerodynamic loads acting on a horizontal axis wind turbine were accordingly quantified for the high tip speed ratio (TSR) at high yaw angles because these conditions have previously not been adequately addressed. This was analyzed experimentally on a small-scale wind-turbine model in a boundary layer wind tunnel. The wind-tunnel simulation of the neutrally stratified atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) developing above a flat terrain was generated using the Counihan approach. The ABL was simulated to achieve the conditions of a wind-turbine model operating in similar inflow conditions to those of a prototype wind turbine situated in the lower atmosphere, which is another important aspect of the present work. The ABL and wind-turbine simulation length scale factors were the same (S=300) in order to satisfy the Jensen similarity criterion. Aerodynamic loads experienced by the wind-turbine model subjected to the ABL simulation were studied based on the high frequency force balance (HFFB) measurements. Emphasis was put on the thrust force and the bending moment because these two load components have previously proven to be dominant compared to other load components. The results indicate several important findings. The loads were substantially higher for TSR=10 compared to TSR=5.6. In these conditions, a considerable load reduction was achieved by pitching the rotor blades. For the blade pitch angle at 90o, the loads were ten times lower than the loads of the rotating wind-turbine model. For the blade pitch angle at 12o, the loads were at 50% of the rotating wind-turbine model. The loads were reduced by up to 40% through the yawing of the wind-turbine model, which was observed both for the rotating and the parked wind-turbine model.
Rainer Kimmig,Paul Buderath,Pawel Mach,Peter Rusch,Bahriye Aktas 대한부인종양학회 2017 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.28 No.3
Objective: Whether pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy is of therapeutic benefit in advanced ovarian cancer will remain unclear until the publication of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie lymphadenectomy in ovarian neoplasms (AGO LION) trial. In early ovarian cancer, however, lymphadenectomy seems mandatory for diagnostic and also therapeutic reasons [1-3]. Methods: Complete systematic lymphadenectomy is accompanied by morbidity which may be reduced by sentinel node biopsy already established for several solid tumors [4-6]. In ovarian cancer there are 2 main pathways in lymphatic drainage: along the ovarian vessels to the para-aortic nodes and the uterine vessels to the iliac lymph compartments [7]. Following injection of radioactive dye into the ovarian ligaments this could be confirmed suggesting that there is bidirectional flow at this level of the ovarian and uterine lymphatic pathways [8]. Indocyanine-green-guided (ICG) injection to the uterine corpus seems to be equally effective in labelling the “uterine Müllerian” and the “ovarian mesonephric” lymphatic drainage of the ovary [9,10]. Results: This technique [9] was applied and will be outlined in the video showing the procedure with respect to the para-aortic lymphatic drainage. Isolated sentinel node biopsy and tumor excision will not resect the organ compartment together with its super-ordinated draining lymphatic system at risk. Conclusion: Thus, the authors suggest to remove the malignancy together with its draining lymphatic vessels and at least the first 2 sentinel nodes in each channel en bloc; we propose to analyze this procedure consistent with the ontogenetic approach [11, 12] with respect to diagnostic accuracy and loco-regional control. This could potentially avoid most of systematic lymphadenectomies in early ovarian cancer.
Impact of hematologic toxicities during concurrent chemoradiation for cervical cancer
Feiya Shi,Alison K. Yoder,Claire Mach,Shraddha Dalwadi,Matthew L Anderson,Tracilyn R Hall,Michelle S Ludwig 대한산부인과학회 2022 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.65 No.2
ObjectiveTo evaluate the prognostic significance of hematological toxicities during cervical cancer treatment. MethodsPatients treated for cervical carcinoma with definitive chemoradiation were identified. Toxicities were assessed duringweeks 1 to 6 of concurrent external beam radiation and chemotherapy. Outcomes were analyzed using Cox regressionanalysis. ResultsOne hundred twenty-one patients with Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I-III disease were eligible foranalysis. Median age at diagnosis was 45 years (interquartile range, 40-52) with median follow-up time of 34 months(95% confidence interval, 30.8-37.2). All patients experienced some grade of hematologic toxicity. The most commongrade 3+ toxicities were low absolute lymphocyte count (n=115, 95%), low white blood cell count (n=21, 17%), andanemia (n=11, 9%). The most common grade 4 toxicity was lymphopenia, experienced by 36% of patients (n=44). Grade 4 lymphopenia was associated with reduced overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 4.5; P=0.005), progressionfreesurvival (HR, 3.4; P=0.001), and local control (HR, 4.1; P=0.047). Anemia grade 3, 4 was also associated withreduced overall survival (HR, 4.1; P=0.014). After controlling for disease and treatment variables, grade 4 lymphopeniaremained significantly associated with reduced overall survival (HR, 9.85; P=0.007). The association with grade 4lymphopenia only remained significant in women of Hispanic ethnicity. ConclusionSevere lymphopenia was associated with reduced overall survival and progression-free survival in Hispanic womenundergoing definitive chemoradiation for cervical cancer, but not associated with outcomes in non-Hispanic women.