Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigations on Moringa peregrina (Forssk) Fiori

Seham A. Elbatran,Omar M. Abdel-Salam,Khaled A. Abdelshfeek,Naglaa M. Nazif,Shams I. Ismail,Faiza M. Hammouda 한국생약학회 2005 Natural Product Sciences Vol.11 No.4

Investigation of M. peregrina aerial parts revealed the isolation and identification of 4-flavonoidalcompounds, quercetin, quercetin-3-0-rutinoside (rutin), chrysoeriol-7-0-rhamnoside and 6,8,3/,5/-tetramethoxyapigenin. The compounds were identified by TLC, PC, MS, and H1-NMR. The fatty acids and unsaponifiablematter were studied. The LD50 for M. peregrina was 113.4 mg/100 g b.wt. Repeated intraperitoneal injection of 1/20 and 1/10 LD50 (5.67 mg and 11.34 mg/100 g b.wt.) of defatted alcoholic extract of M. peregrina for 30 daysinduced significant decrease in serum glucose, liver enzymes and lipid components. M. peregrina administeredi.p., 30 min prior to carrageenan at the above doses significantly inhibited the rat paw oedema response. In acuteM. peregrina exhibited markedanalgesic properties. In addition, M. peregrina administered at time of indomethacin injection inhibited thedevelopment of gastric lesions in rats.

Molecular identification and virulence of six isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) to Bemisia tabaci Q biotype

M.T. Islam,D. Omar,M. Shabanimofrad 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.3

The aimof this studywas to investigate the molecular identification and virulence of the entomopathogenic fungusMetarhizium anisopliae. Initially, the alignments of nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) 1-5.8S-ITS4 regions of six isolates–TFFH1, TFFH3, PR1, MAP, GT3, and GT2–were investigated using GenBankITS sequences for the same region and species of fungus. Thereafter, the in vitro (germination, vegetative growth,and sporulation) and the in vivo (%mortality of Bemisia tabaci) virulence of the funguswere investigated. A BLASTsearch of the ITS1 region revealed a match to a sequence registered under the accession number forM. anisopliae. The submitted sequence datawere registered and providedwith the accession numbers JX041507 to JX0415012,which were released in August 2012 (GenBank). In the virulence experiments, the highest germination percentage,vegetative growth, and sporulation of M. anisopliae were observed in the isolate PR1, with mean values of97.2%, 4.6 cm, and 7.2 × 106 conidia/ml, respectively; while the highest mortality percentage of B. tabaci was observedin the isolate GT3,with an mean value of 84.3%. This study concludes that all the six tested isolates–TFFH1,TFFH3, PR1, MAP, GT3, and GT2–are M. anisopliae and the isolates PR1 and GT3 are more virulent to B. tabaci thanthat by the other four isolates.

Synthesis, Structure, and Metalation of Two New Highly Porous Zirconium Metal–Organic Frameworks

Morris, William,Volosskiy, Boris,Demir, Selcuk,Gá,ndara, Felipe,McGrier, Psaras L.,Furukawa, Hiroyasu,Cascio, Duilio,Stoddart, J. Fraser,Yaghi, Omar M. American Chemical Society 2012 Inorganic Chemistry Vol.51 No.12

<P>Three new metal–organic frameworks [MOF-525, Zr<SUB>6</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>(OH)<SUB>4</SUB>(TCPP-H<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>; MOF-535, Zr<SUB>6</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>(OH)<SUB>4</SUB>(XF)<SUB>3</SUB>; MOF-545, Zr<SUB>6</SUB>O<SUB>8</SUB>(H<SUB>2</SUB>O)<SUB>8</SUB>(TCPP-H<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>, where porphyrin H<SUB>4</SUB>-TCPP-H<SUB>2</SUB> = (C<SUB>48</SUB>H<SUB>24</SUB>O<SUB>8</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>) and cruciform H<SUB>4</SUB>-XF = (C<SUB>42</SUB>O<SUB>8</SUB>H<SUB>22</SUB>)] based on two new topologies, <B>ftw</B> and <B>csq</B>, have been synthesized and structurally characterized. MOF-525 and -535 are composed of Zr<SUB>6</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>(OH)<SUB>4</SUB> cuboctahedral units linked by either porphyrin (MOF-525) or cruciform (MOF-535). Another zirconium-containing unit, Zr<SUB>6</SUB>O<SUB>8</SUB>(H<SUB>2</SUB>O)<SUB>8</SUB>, is linked by porphyrin to give the MOF-545 structure. The structure of MOF-525 was obtained by analysis of powder X-ray diffraction data. The structures of MOF-535 and -545 were resolved from synchrotron single-crystal data. MOF-525, -535, and -545 have Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas of 2620, 1120, and 2260 m<SUP>2</SUP>/g, respectively. In addition to their large surface areas, both porphyrin-containing MOFs are exceptionally chemically stable, maintaining their structures under aqueous and organic conditions. MOF-525 and -545 were metalated with iron(III) and copper(II) to yield the metalated analogues without losing their high surface area and chemical stability.</P><P>Within this paper, three new metal−organic frameworks are synthesized and structurally characterized, MOF-525, -535, and -545, based on two new topologies, <B>ftw</B> and <B>csq</B>. MOF-525 has the highest Brunauer−Emmett−Teller surface area and MOF-545 has the largest pores of any zirconium-based MOF, 2620 m<SUP>2</SUP>/g and 36 Å, respectively. Most importantly, MOF-525 and -545 contain porphyrin sites, which are metalated with copper(II) and iron(III).</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/inocaj/2012/inocaj.2012.51.issue-12/ic300825s/production/images/medium/ic-2012-00825s_0002.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic300825s'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Radiological and Clinical Outcomes of Balloon Kyphoplasty versus Radiofrequency Kyphoplasty in the Treatment of Vertebral Compression Fractures

Marcel Winkelmann,Thassia Mavropoulos,Sebastian Decker,Mohamed Omar,Christian Krettek,Christian Walter Müller 대한척추외과학회 2018 Asian Spine Journal Vol.12 No.5

Study Design: Retrospective cohort analysis Purpose: Comparison of balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) and radiofrequency kyphoplasty (RFK) with respect to height restoration of the fractured vertebral bodies and the pain relief experienced after the surgical procedure. Overview of Literature: BKP and RFK both offer safe, time-saving, and potent treatment options for vertebral compression fractures, but neither of these methods demonstrated any key advantage over the other yet. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of a cohort of 156 patients (mean age, 73±11 years) with 252 fractured vertebral bodies treated with kyphoplasty. Pain intensity was measured using a Visual Analogue Scale. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography images were analyzed and gauged using modified bisegmental Cobb angle, vertebral angle, as well as anterior (Ha), middle (Hm), and posterior (Hp) vertebral body heights. Results: The mean postoperative pain relief was 5.1±1.8, which was maintained over the entire follow-up period. There were no significant differences in the pain relief between BKP and RFK. Postoperative changes in the vertebral angle (−1.3°±3.3°, p <0.001) and Ha, Hm, and Hp vertebral body heights (Ha, 1.5±2.9 mm; Hm, 2.1±2.9 mm; Hp, 0.9±2.1 mm; p <0.001) were significant. However, the initial height restoration could not be maintained by the 6-week and 1-year follow-up. Neither BKP nor RFK could achieve a clinically relevant advantage over each other. There was no correlation between pain relief and height restoration after kyphoplasty. Conclusions: Both BKP and RFK had comparable beneficial clinical and radiological effects in the treatment of vertebral compression fractures. However, neither the actual extent of height restoration nor its loss seems to affect the marked pain relief.

Postsynthetic Modification of a Metal–Organic Framework for Stabilization of a Hemiaminal and Ammonia Uptake

Morris, William,Doonan, Christian J.,Yaghi, Omar M. American Chemical Society 2011 Inorganic chemistry Vol.50 No.15

<P>In our study, we show by solid-state <SUP>15</SUP>N NMR measurements that an important zirconium metal–organic framework (UiO-66) with amino-functionalized links is composed of a mixture of amino and −NH<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>+</SUP>Cl<SUP>–</SUP> salt functionalities rather than all amino functionality to give a composition of Zr<SUB>6</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>(OH)<SUB>4</SUB>(BDC-NH<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>(BDC-NH<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>+</SUP>Cl<SUP>–</SUP>)<SUB>2</SUB> (UiO-66-A). UiO-66-A was postsynthetically modified to form a mixture of three functionalities, where the hemiaminal functionality is the majority species in UiO-66-B and aziridine is the majority functionality in UiO-66-C. UiO-66-A–C are all porous with surface areas ranging from 780 to 820 m<SUP>2</SUP>/g and have chemical stability, as evidenced by reversible ammonia uptake and release showing capacities ranging from 134 to 193 cm<SUP>3</SUP>/g.</P><P>Zr<SUB>6</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>(OH)<SUB>4</SUB>(BDC-NH<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>(BDC-NH<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>+</SUP>Cl<SUP>−</SUP>)<SUB>2</SUB> (UiO-66-A), a crystalline porous framework, is synthesized as a result of the reaction of ZrCl<SUB>4</SUB> and 2-aminoterephthalic acid (H<SUB>2</SUB>BDCNH<SUB>2</SUB>). UiO-66-A was postsynthetically modified to form a mixture of three functionalities, where the hemiaminal functionality is the majority species in UiO-66-B and aziridine is the majority functionality in UiO-66-C. Furthermore, investigation of ammonia adsorption in UiO-66-A−C shows reversible ammonia adsorption in each framework, with the highest uptake observed in UiO-66-C.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/inocaj/2011/inocaj.2011.50.issue-15/ic200744y/production/images/medium/ic-2011-00744y_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic200744y'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Apocynin abrogates methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity: role of TLR4/NF-κB-p65/p38-MAPK, IL-6/STAT-3, PPAR-γ, and SIRT1/FOXO3 signaling pathways

Emad H. M. Hassanein,Ahmed M. Sayed,Omnia A. M. Abd El-Ghafar,Zainab M. M. Omar,Eman K. Rashwan,Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh,So Young Kyung,Jae Hyeon Park,Hyung Sik Kim,Fares E. M. Ali 대한약학회 2023 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.46 No.4

The present study was designed to evaluate the potential renoprotective impacts of apocynin (APC) against nephrotoxicity induced by methotrexate (MTX) administration. To fulfill this aim, rats were allocated into four groups: control; APC (100 mg/kg/day; orally); MTX (20 mg/kg; single intraperitoneal dose at the end of the 5th day of the experiment); and APC +MTX (APC was given orally for 5 days before and 5 days after induction of renal toxicity by MTX). On the 11th day, samples were collected to estimate kidney function biomarkers, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and other molecular targets. Compared to the MTX control group, treatment with APC significantly decreased urea, creatinine, and KIM-1 levels and improved kidney histological alterations. Furthermore, APC restored oxidant/antioxidant balance, as evidenced by a remarkable alleviation of MDA, GSH, SOD, and MPO levels. Additionally, the iNOS, NO, p-NF-κB-p65, Ace-NF-κB-p65, TLR4, p-p38-MAPK, p-JAK1, and p-STAT-3 expressions were reduced, while the IκBα, PPAR-γ, SIRT1, and FOXO3 expressions were significantly increased. In NRK-52E cells, MTX-induced cytotoxicity was protected by APC in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, increased expression of p-STAT-3 and p-JAK1/2 levels were reduced in MTX-treated NRK-52E cells by APC. The in vitro experiments revealed that APC-protected MTX-mediated renal tubular epithelial cells were damaged by inhibiting the JAK/STAT3 pathway. Besides, our in vivo and in vitro results were confirmed by predicting computational pharmacology results using molecular docking and network pharmacology analysis. In conclusion, our findings proved that APC could be a good candidate for MTX-induced renal damage due to its strong antioxidative and anti-inflammatory bioactivities.

Association of Paraoxonase-1(Q192R and L55M) Gene Polymorphisms and Activity with Colorectal Cancer and Effect of Surgical Intervention

Ahmed, Nagwa S.,Shafik, Noha M.,Elraheem, Omar Abd,Abou-Elnoeman, Saad-Eldin A. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.2

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Oxidative DNA damage may contribute to cancer risk and the antioxidant paraoxonase is one endogenous free radical scavenger in the human body which could therefore exert an influeence. Purpose: Aim of this study was to determine the role of serum arylesterase (ARE) and paraoxonase 1(PON1) activities in CRC patients and to find any association between (PON1) Q192R and L55M gene polymorphisms in CRC patients. Also the serum ARE and PON1 activities in CRC patients will be investigated before and after surgery Materials and Methods: This study involved a total of 50 patients with newly diagnosed CRC and 80 healthy controls. PON1 and ARE activities were determined using an enzymatic spectrophotometric method. PON1 Q192R and L55M gene polymorphisms were determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) based restriction fragment analysis. The restriction enzyme AlwI was used to examine the Q192R polymorphism and Hsp92II for the L55M polymorphism. Results: Significant differences in the PON1 Q192R polymorphism were found between patients and controls. The Q allele was more frequent in the patient group than in controls, while the R allele was more frequent in the controls. Significant differences were found in the L55M polymorphism. Additionally, there were significant differences in L and M allele frequencies (p=0.001). The serum activities of PON1 and ARE were low in QQ and MM genotype. Conclusions: serum PON1 and ARE activities were significantly lower in CRC patients compared to healthy subjects. The R allele may protect against colorectal cancer.

Mining and subaltern politics: political struggle against neoliberal development in Bangladesh

M. Omar Faruque 서울대학교행정대학원 2018 Asian Journal of Political Science Vol.26 No.1

Drawing on social movement scholarship, this paper analyses subaltern struggles against a multinational mining company. The Phulbari coal mine is the centre of contention between the mining company and local/national activists. Local concerns about the dispossession of lands and livelihoods and environmental destruction have been merged with a Leftist political agenda on the growing vulnerability of the state and national sovereignty in the Global South. A close examination of the movement’s discourses suggests that a broader political struggle against resource plunder and energy imperialism has been strengthened by local community resistance to an environmentally destructive coal mine. Based on in-depth qualitative interviews, I analyse how activists have created new meanings of the conflict to confront and delegitimize hegemonic discourses of capitalist development and modernity.

A Protective Effect for Panax ginseng in the Rat Stomach

Omar M. E. Abdel Salam,Seham El-Batran,Siham El-Shenawy,Mahmoud S. Arbid 고려인삼학회 2001 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.25 No.4

Kinetics and Modelling of Cell Growth and Substrate Uptake in Centella asiatica Cell Culture

Omar, Rozita,Abdullah, M.A.,Hasan, M.A.,Rosfarizan, M.,Marziah, M. The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2006 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.11 No.3

In this study, we have conducted kinetics and modelling studies of Centella asiatica cell growth and substrate uptake, in an attempt to evaluate cell growth for a better understanding and control of the process. In our bioreactor cultivation experiment, we observed a growth rate of 0.18/day, a value only 20% higher than was seen in the shake flask cultivation trial. However, the observed maximum cell dry weight in the shake flask, 10.5g/L, was 14% higher than was achieved in the bioreactor. Ninety seven percentage confidence was achieved via the fitting of three unstructured growth models; the Monod, Logistic, and Gompertz equations, to the cell growth data. The Monod equation adequately described cell growth in both cultures. The specific growth rate, however, was not effectively predicted with the Logistic and Gompertz equations, which resulted in deviations of up to 73 and 393%, respectively. These deviations in the Logistic and Gompertz models may be attributable to the fact that these models were developed for substrate-independent growth and fungi growth, respectively.