Structural, thermal and conductive properties of Bi4-xMxV2O11 (M = La, Gd; 0 ≼ x ≼ 0.4) compounds

Deepti,Ravikant,M.L. Singla,K. Singh 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.6

Bi4-xMxV2O11 (M = La, Gd) was prepared by solid state reactions. The amount of La and Gd in the (Bi4-xMxV2O11) was varied in the range of (0 ≼ x ≼ 0.4). The addition of La and Gd to Bi4V2O11 electrolyte was found to stabilize the β crystalline phase for x ≼ 0.3. In addition, the phase transition corresponding β- to γ-phases are evident in the ionic conductivity plots as well as in XRD, DSC profiles of x ≽ 0.3 samples. The highest ionic conductivity was observed in Bi3.9La0.1V2O11 and Bi3.8Gd0.2V2O11 samples in the range of 10-3–10-4 S/cm for 700–500 ℃. These results were supported by impedance spectroscopy, Xray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Bi4-xMxV2O11 (M = La, Gd) was prepared by solid state reactions. The amount of La and Gd in the (Bi4-xMxV2O11) was varied in the range of (0 ≼ x ≼ 0.4). The addition of La and Gd to Bi4V2O11 electrolyte was found to stabilize the β crystalline phase for x ≼ 0.3. In addition, the phase transition corresponding β- to γ-phases are evident in the ionic conductivity plots as well as in XRD, DSC profiles of x ≽ 0.3 samples. The highest ionic conductivity was observed in Bi3.9La0.1V2O11 and Bi3.8Gd0.2V2O11 samples in the range of 10-3–10-4 S/cm for 700–500 ℃. These results were supported by impedance spectroscopy, Xray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Ovarian Follicular Dynamics Monitored by Real-Time Ultrasonography during Oestrous Cycle in Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Manik, R.S.,Singla, S.K.,Palta, P.,Madan, M.L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1998 Animal Bioscience Vol.11 No.5

Application of trans rectal ultrasonography to buffaloes (n=6) to follow the growth of large antral follicles individually, on each day of one interovulatory interval revealed that follicular turnover during oestrous cycle occured in waves. There was a predominance of a two-wave pattern (5/6 animals) compared to that of a three-wave pattern (1/6 animals). For two-wave pattern, the first wave emerged at Day $0.20{\pm}0.19$ (Day 0 = day of ovulation) and was marked by development of a dominant anovulatory follicle which grew in size from $5.40{\pm}0.24mm$ at the day of detection to a maximum diameter of $12.40{\pm}0.81mm$ on Day $8.60{\pm}1.57$, with a growth rate of $0.88{\pm}0.17mm/day$ and then regressed, with a mean persistence of $19.40{\pm}1.54$ days. The second wave emerged at Day $9.20{\pm}1.06$ and was marked by development of a dominant ovulatory follicle which grew in size from $4.20{\pm}0.37mm$ at the day of detection to a maximum diameter of $13.80{\pm}0.37mm$ on Day $21.00{\pm}1.38$, with a growth rate of $0.66{\pm}0.12mm/day$ and then ovulated on Day $21.60{\pm}1.25$, with a mean persistence of $11.80{\pm}1.39$ days. The maximum diameters attained and the growth rates of dominant anovulatory and dominant ovulatory follicles, and the mean number of follicles ${\geq}3mm$ diameter detected at the time of emergence of first and second waves ($11.80{\pm}1.74$ and $9.00{\pm}2.81$, respectively) were not significantly different. In the animal which showed a three-wave pattern, the first, second and third waves emerged on Days 1, 10 and 19, respectively. All animals, except one had at least one subordinate follicle in the first or second or both waves. The subordinate follicles increased in diameter over a few days and then regressed. The results indicate that in buffaloes, the follicular turnover during oestrous cycle occurs predominantly in a two-wave pattern.

Ovarian Follicular Populations Prior to and during Superovulation in Cattle: Relationship with Superovulatory Response

Manik, R.S.,Singla, S.K.,Palta, P.,Madan, M.L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1998 Animal Bioscience Vol.11 No.5

The present study examined the follicular populations prior to and during superovulation and investigated their relationship with superovulatory response in crossbred cattle. Eleven animals were administered i.m. 8 doses of Folltropin of 2.5 ml each (1.75 mg/ml) spread over 4 days beginning on Day 10 of oestrous cycle, and 30 and 20 mg Lutalyse was given alongwith the 5th and 6th injections of Folltropin, respectively, to induce luteolysis. The animals were artificially inseminated 48, 60 and 72 h after the first Lutalyse injection. The number of corpora lutea (CL) was recorded by palpation per rectum and embryos were recovered non-surgically on Day 6 (Day 0 day of superoestrus). The ovarian follicular population was examined by transrectal Ultrasonography 15 h prior to and 52 h after the first FSH injection, and then on the day of superoestrus and the day of flushing. The follicles were classfied on the basis of diameter as small (3-5 mm), medium (6-9 mm) and large (${\geq}10mm$). The total number of follicles increased significantly (p < 0.01) from $2.45{\pm}0.35$, 15 h prior to the first FSH injection to $8.09{\pm}1.12$, 52 h after the first FSH injection and then further to $13.27{\pm}1.89 $ on the day of superoestrus. A positive correlation was observed between the number of small follicles 15 h prior to the first FSH injection (r = 0.60, p < 0.05), the number of large follicles 52 h after the first FSH injection (r=0.59, p < 0.05) and the number of CL. The follicular population prior to and during superovulation was, however, not significantly different between high (> 6 CL) and low responders (${\leq}6CL$). The present study suggests that the follicular populations undergo dynamic changes during superovulation and that follicular populations prior to superovulation have a limited application as an indicator of the superovulatory response.

Influence of the Dominant Follicle on the Superovulatory Response in Cattle

Manik, R.S.,Singla, S.K.,Palta, P.,Madan, M.L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1998 Animal Bioscience Vol.11 No.4

Nine cows were superovulated by administration of 8 injections of Folltropin each (2.5 ml/injection, 1.75 mg/ml) i.m spread over 4 days, beginning on Day 10 of oestrous cycle, and 30 and 20 mg prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ was given along with the 5th and 6th injections of Folltropin, respectively, to induce luteolysis. The animals were artificially inseminated 48, 60 and 72 h after the first prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ injection. The number of corpora lutea was recorded by palpation per rectum and by ultrasonography on Day 6 (Day 0 = day of oestrus). The ovaries were examined daily by ultrasonography on Days 3-9 of the oestrous cycle for following the growth and regression of the largest follicle, which was considered the morphologically dominant follicle. The animals were classified into two groups depending upon the presence (n = 4) and absence of a dominant follicle (n = 5). There was a high correlation (r = 0.97, p < 0.001) between the number of corpora lutea observed by palpation per rectum and that determined by ultrasonography. Mean (${\pm}SEM$) number of corpora lutea determined by ultrasonography ($11.20{\pm}3.71$ vs $3.25{\pm}0.75$) and by palpation per rectum ($10.40{\pm}3.91$ vs $2.25{\pm}0.75$) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the nondominant group compared to that in the dominant group. There was no difference in the numbers of follicles 2-3 mm ($13.80{\pm}4.49$ vs $8.00{\pm}1.08$), 4-6 mm ($7.00{\pm}1.87$ vs $3.50{\pm}1.33$), and the total number of follicles ${\geq}2mm$ ($22.00{\pm}5.95$ vs $12.50{\pm}1.26$) between the two groups, one day prior to initiation of superovulation. There was, however, a significant (p<0.01) positive correlation between the number of corpora lutea with the numbers of follicles 2-3 mm (r = 0.83), 4-6 mm (r = 0.80) and the total number of follicles ${\geq}2mm$ (r = 0.89) observed one day prior to initiation of superovulation. The results of this study indicate that the presence of a dominant follicle adversely affects the superovulatory response in cattle.

Comparative Follicular Dynamics in Superovulated Crossbred Cows and Water Buffaloes

Manik, R.S.,Singla, S.K.,Madan, M.L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1998 Animal Bioscience Vol.11 No.1

To understand the caused for poor response to superovulation in water buffalo compared to crossbred cows, follicular events, before start of superovulation, during superovulation and after superovulation were compared. Follicular development was monitored a day before start of superovulation, daily upto superestrus and on the day of flushing. A real time B mode diagnostic instrument equipped with a linear array, 5 MHz transducer was used in five crossbred cows and five Murrah buffaloes. Crossbred cows yielded significantly (p < 0.01) higher number of corpora lutea than buffaloes (21 vs 10). The mean number of small size (2 to 5 mm); medium size (6 to 9 mm) and large size $({\geq}10mm)$ follicles, a day before start of superovulation were almost similar or even slightly higher in buffalo. Though initial shift in the mean number of follicles was higher in buffalo than cow, yet, from Day 2 to Day 3 of the treatment, the average increase in medium (3.2 vs 1.2) and large size (5.0 vs 2.0) follicles was higher in cows than buffaloes. The mean number of medium and large size follicles was 9.8 and 14.4 in cows and 6.4 and 7.6 in buffaloes. On the day of flushing, the number of large size follicle was more in buffaloes than cows, indicating the ovulation problem in this species. The major conclusion from this investigation was that, a day before start of superovulatory treatment, the number of small and medium size follicles was slightly higher in buffaloes, even then superovulatory response was better in cows, due to shift, recruitment and passage of follicles from smaller size to larger size from Day 2 of treatment. Ovulation problem in buffaloes was also responsible for lower superovulatory responses as revealed by the presence of higher number of large size follicles on the day of flushing.

Influence of pulsed electric field and heat treatment on Emblica officinalis juice inoculated with Zygosaccharomyces bailii

Bansal, V.,Sharma, A.,Ghanshyam, C.,Singla, M.L.,Kim, K.H. The Institution ; Hemisphere Pub. Corp. [distribut 2015 Food and bioproducts processing Vol.95 No.-

The effects of pulsed electric field (PEF) applying 26kVcm<SUP>-1</SUP> with 1μs monopolar pulses (for 500μs) on inactivation of Zygosaccharomyces bailii and the stability for the key quality characteristics (vitamin C, phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, nonenzymatic index, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF), <SUP>o</SUP>brix, and pH) in Emblica officinalis juice were studied. These results were then compared to those of heat treatment (90<SUP>o</SUP>C for 60s) up to 40 days on storing at 4<SUP>o</SUP>C. PEF treatment reduced 5.1log cycles of Z. bailii with decreases in HMF concentration and browning index relative to heat treated juice. Simultaneously, PEF treated juice retained 63% of vitamin C and 88.9% of antioxidant capacity (p<0.05). However, heat treated juice lowered 4.9log cycles of Z. bailii and exhibited significant degradation of vitamin C and antioxidant capacity (p<0.01). After all, both treatments did not induce any major changes in pH and <SUP>o</SUP>brix levels of emblica juice. Electron microscopy was used as a tool to find Z. bailii damage induced. Investigation of their morphology showed a leakage of cellular debris owing to the rupture of cell membrane of PEF treated Z. bailii. Thus, PEF treatment on emblica juice may offer an enormous potential for upgrading its quality than the heat processing method.