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Zhang, Chen,Milunsky, Jeff M,Newton, Stephanie,Ko, Jaewon,Zhao, Geping,Maher, Tom A,Tager-Flusberg, Helen,Bolliger, Marc F,Carter, Alice S,Boucard, Antony A,Powell, Craig M,Sü,dhof, Thomas C The Society 2009 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.29 No.35
<P>Neuroligins (NLs) are postsynaptic cell-adhesion molecules essential for normal synapse function. Mutations in neuroligin-4 (NL4) (gene symbol: NLGN4) have been reported in some patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental impairments. However, the low frequency of NL4 mutations and the limited information about the affected patients and the functional consequences of their mutations cast doubt on the causal role of NL4 mutations in these disorders. Here, we describe two brothers with classical ASD who carry a single amino-acid substitution in NL4 (R87W). This substitution was absent from the brothers' asymptomatic parents, suggesting that it arose in the maternal germ line. R87 is conserved in all NL isoforms, and the R87W substitution is not observed in control individuals. At the protein level, the R87W substitution impaired glycosylation processing of NL4 expressed in HEK293 and COS cells, destabilized NL4, caused NL4 retention in the endoplasmic reticulum in non-neuronal cells and neurons, and blocked NL4 transport to the cell surface. As a result, the R87W substitution inactivated the synapse-formation activity of NL4 and abolished the functional effect of NL4 on synapse strength. Viewed together, these observations suggest that a point mutation in NL4 can cause ASD by a loss-of-function mechanism.</P>
Evolution of strain throughout gallium nitride deposited on silicon carbide
김지현,M.A. Mastro,N.D. Bassim,J.A. Freitas Jr.,M.E. Twigg,C.R. Eddy Jr.,D.K. Gaskill,R.L. Henry,R.T. Holm,P.G. Neudeck,A.J. Trunek,J.A. Powell 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2007 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.8 No.5
During GaN growth on an on-axis SiC substrate, a large density of dislocations (~109 cm−2) is unavoidably generated by the GaN/SiC misfit, uncontrolled misorientation in the substrate and defects present at the surface of the substrate. Recently a unique SiC substrate was developed with step-free and stepped mesas as well as continuous surface areas similar to a standard wafer all in close proximity. It is now possible to isolate the influence of defects and steps on the deposition of GaN on SiC. This paper provides a link between the dislocation environment and the strain state in the GaN film as well as the change of this strain with increasing thickness.
Nitidulidae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea) of Vanuatu
Hadden Rachael A.,Saxton Natalie A.,Gerlach Peter S.,Nielson Parker L.,Brown Samuel D.J.,Bybee Seth M.,Powell Gareth S. 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.2
A checklist to the Nitidulidae of Vanuatu is provided based on a combination of historical museum specimens and recent field expeditions. A dichotomous key to the described species recorded from the country is provided. Specific data per island is given where available; in addition, broader distributions are outlined for each described taxon. Several undescribed taxa are listed but not described until further work can be done in the region. A discussion of the movement of invasive Nitidulidae throughout Vanuatu is also included with an emphasis on the relationship between increases in human movement and commerce and the number of invasive species present. This discussion is extended to other islands in Vanuatu that have not yet been sampled in an attempt to predict the presence of invasive species.
Park, Miyoung,Naidoo, Anita A.,Burns, Angie,Choi, Jin Kyu,Gatfield, Kelly M.,Vidgeon-Hart, Martin,Bae, Il-Hong,Lee, Chang Seok,Choi, Gyeyoung,Powell, Andrew J.,Park, Young-Ho,Fagg, Rajni Springer-Verlag 2018 Cell biology and toxicology Vol.34 No.2
<P>A recent hypothesis suggesting that the pharmacological target TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily, member 1) may function as a tumour suppressor, which potentially impacts the development of TRPV1 antagonist therapeutics for a range of conditions. However, little is known about the long-term physiologic effects of TRPV1 blockade in the skin. In vitro and in vivo studies suggested that the potent TRPV1 competitive antagonist AMG-9810 promoted proliferation in N/TERT1 cells (telomerase-immortalised primary human keratinocytes 1) and tumour development in mouse skin that was mediated through EGFR/Akt/mTOR signalling. We attempted to reproduce the reported in vitro and in vivo findings to further explore this hypothesis to understand the underlying mechanism and the risk associated with TRPV1 antagonism in the skin. In vitro proliferation studies using multiple methods and topical application with AMG-9810 and structurally similar TRPV1 antagonists such as SB-705498 and PAC-14028 were performed. Although we confirmed expression of TRPV1 in primary human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKn) and spontaneously immortalised human keratinocytes (HaCaT), we were unable to demonstrate cell proliferation in either cell type or any clear evidence of increased expression of proteins in the EGFR/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway with these molecules. We were also unable to demonstrate skin tumour promotion or underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the EGFR/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway in a single-dose and two-stage carcinogenesis mouse study treated with TRPV1 antagonists. In conclusion, our data suggest that inhibiting the pharmacological function of TRPV1 in skin by specific antagonists has not been considered to be indicative of skin tumour development.</P>
Li-Jessen, N. Y.,Powell, M.,Choi, A. J.,Lee, B. J.,Thibeault, S. L. LARYNGOSCOPE 2017 The Laryngoscope Vol.127 No.6
<P>Conclusions: Macrophages and fibroblasts were a major cell source of vocal fold HMGB1. Translocation of HMGB1 may be an active response to the early accumulation of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha in the wounded vocal folds.</P>
Pradip Bhattacharyya,Kalyan Chakrabarti,Asish Chakraborty,Subhasish Tripathy,M.A. Powell 한국지질과학협의회 2008 Geosciences Journal Vol.12 No.1
Effect of addition of municipal solid waste compost(MSWC) on lead (Pb) content of submerged rice paddies wasstudied. Experiments were conducted during the three consecutivewet seasons from 1997 to 1999 on rice grown under submergence,tial extraction method was used to determine the Pb fractions inMSWC and decomposed cow manure (DCM). Lead was signifi-cantly bound to the organic matter (60%) and Fe and Mn oxidesin MSWC and DCM. Lead content (mg kg-1) in rice straw washigher than in rice grain. Lead bound with water soluble andexchangeable fractions in MSWC and DCM was best correlatedwith straw and grain Pb. Fe and Mn oxide bound Pb in both theorganics also significantly correlated with straw and grain Pb con-Pb in MSWC and DCM did not significantly corelate with Pbcontent in rice straw and grain metal. MSWC would be a valuableresource for agriculture if it can be used safely, but long-term fieldexperiments with MSWC are needed to assess by regular moni-toring of the metal loads and accumulation in soil and plants.