Temporal variations of black carbon in Guangzhou, China, in summer 2006

Verma, R. L.,Sahu, L. K.,Kondo, Y.,Takegawa, N.,Han, S.,Jung, J. S.,Kim, Y. J.,Fan, S.,Sugimoto, N.,Shammaa, M. H.,Zhang, Y. H.,Zhao, Y. Copernicus GmbH 2010 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.10 No.14

<P>Abstract. In situ measurements of the mass concentration of black carbon (BC) and mixing ratios of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were made at Guangzhou, an urban measurement site in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China, in July 2006. The average ± standard deviation (SD) concentrations of BC, CO, and CO2 were 4.7± 2.3 μgC m−3, 798± 459 ppbv, and 400± 13 ppmv, respectively. The trends of these species were mainly controlled by synoptic-scale changes in meteorology during the campaign. Based on back trajectories, data are analyzed separately for two different air mass types representing northerly and southerly flows. The northerly air masses, which constituted ~25% of the campaign, originated mostly in the PRD and hence represent observations on regional scales. On the other hand, during southerly flow (~75%), the measurements were influenced by dilution due to cleaner marine air. The diurnal patterns of BC, CO, and CO2 exhibited peak concentrations during the morning and evening hours coinciding with rush-hour traffic. The ratios of OC/BC were lower during the morning hour peaks in the concentrations of primary pollutants due to their fresh emissions mainly from vehicular traffic in Guangzhou. The diurnal variations of BC observed in southerly air masses tended to follow the traffic patterns of heavy-duty vehicles (HDV) in Guangzhou, while the roles of other sources need to be investigated. The slopes of ΔBC/ΔCO, ΔBC/ΔCO2, and ΔCO/ΔCO2 observed during northerly flows were 0.0045 μgC m−3/ppbv, 0.13 μgC m−3/ppmv, and 49.4 ppbv/ppmv, respectively, agreeing reasonably with their respective emission ratios derived from regional emission inventories. </P>

Synthesis, magnetic and Mossbauer spectroscopic studies of Cr doped lithium ferrite nanoparticles

Srivastava, M.,Layek, S.,Singh, J.,Das, A.K.,Verma, H.C.,Ojha, A.K.,Kim, N.H.,Lee, J.H. Elsevier Sequoia 2014 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.591 No.-

Lithium-based ferrites are promising and potential magnetic materials for microwave applications. They possess a spinel (AB<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>) type crystal structure, where the distributions of metal cations over the tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) voids play a crucial role for exhibiting different physical properties. Among various parameter of synthesis, pH is an important factor that influences the cation distribution over A and B voids, overall growth of the nanoparticles and different physical properties. In the present work single phase Cr substituted lithium ferrite nanoparticles have been synthesized by the sol-gel method at different pH. The phase identification and crystallite size have been probed by X-ray diffraction studies. The crystallite size changes by 44.2-48.8nm upon varying the pH from 3.5 to 11.5. In order to investigate the cations distribution at A/B sites, Mossbauer spectroscopic measurements were done. The values of magnetic hyperfine field obtained from the Mossbauer data for the A and B sites are ~49.5T and 51T, respectively. Moreover, it is observed that the area ratio of B site to A site increases with increasing the pH. This observation further suggests that the B site is more preferable for Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> cations at higher pH than the A site. The magnetic parameter such as saturation magnetization (M<SUB>s</SUB>), remanent magnetization (M<SUB>r</SUB>), coercive field (H<SUB>C</SUB>) and squareness (S) are determined by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements, which show a consistent increase with increasing pH. The reason for the variation in magnetic properties has been explained on the basis of increased Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> cation occupancies at the B site and size effect, which is well supported by Mossbauer spectroscopic and XRD studies.

Expression of Heterotic Genetic Interaction among Multivoltine Recurrent Backcross/Congenic Lines for Higher Shell Weight of Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

Verma, A.K.,Chattopadhyay, G.K.,Sengupta, M.,Sengupta, A.K.,Das, S.K.,Urs, S.Raje Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2003 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.7 No.1

Manifestation of heterotic genetic interaction was studied in different hybrids made between multivoltine recurrent backcross (RBL)/congenic lines (Con. L) during unfavourable season when temperature and relative humidity are > $30^{\circ}C$ and 86%, respectively. A few number of silkworm race or strain or breed like Nistari (N + p or Np) can sustain the temperature above 3$0^{\circ}C$ and RH above 86%. The present heterosis study screened a hybrid i.e., CB$_{5}$Lm5RBL1.${\times}$M$_{6}$DPC-LmE$^1$RBL and its reciprocal provided heterobeltiotic effect on survival by number and pupation rate at a magnitude of 20% (p < 0.01) and yield by weight of 10% (p < 0.01). Beside all the hybrids expressed heterosis over check - Nistari (N + p) with better quality silk. Therefore, aforesaid hybrid may be useful for utilization at commercial level during adverse seasons of West Bengal.gal.

Horizontal flow fields in and around a small active region : The transition period between flux emergence and decay

Verma, M.,Denker, C.,Balthasar, H.,Kuckein, C.,Gonzá,lez Manrique, S. J.,Sobotka, M.,Bello Gonzá,lez, N.,Hoch, S.,Diercke, A.,Kummerow, P.,Berkefeld, T.,Collados, M.,Feller, A.,Hofmann, A. Springer-Verlag 2016 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.596 No.-

A Review Article on Green Energy Forecasting

Amit Verma,M.M. Tripathi,K.G. Upadhyay,김혜진 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2016 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.6 No.11

Looking at our environmental condition it has become necessary to increase the generation of electricity using green energy sources such as solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, waves of ocean, tides etc. Among these energy types wind energy and solar energy have the great potential for generation of electrical power but at the same time it is important to accurately forecast the green energy generation in advance as they are intermittent in nature, less reliable and location specific. In this paper the focus is given on different forecasting methods of wind energy and solar PV generation. An attempt has been made to bring and evaluate the common methods and the most suitable methods for forecasting of the wind and solar PV.

All-atom de novo protein folding with a scalable evolutionary algorithm

Verma, Abhinav,Gopal, Srinivasa M.,Oh, Jung S.,Lee, Kyu H.,Wenzel, Wolfgang Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2007 Journal of computational chemistry Vol.28 No.16

<P>The search for efficient and predictive methods to describe the protein folding process at the all-atom level remains an important grand-computational challenge. The development of multi-teraflop architectures, such as the IBM BlueGene used in this study, has been motivated in part by the large computational requirements of such studies. Here we report the predictive all-atom folding of the forty-amino acid HIV accessory protein using an evolutionary stochastic optimization technique. We implemented the optimization method as a master-client model on an IBM BlueGene, where the algorithm scales near perfectly from 64 to 4096 processors in virtual processor mode. Starting from a completely extended conformation, we optimize a population of 64 conformations of the protein in our all-atom free-energy model PFF01. Using 2048 processors the algorithm predictively folds the protein to a near-native conformation with an RMS deviation of 3.43 Å in <24 h. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2007</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <img src='wiley_img/01928651-2007-28-16-JCC20750-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/01928651-2007-28-16-JCC20750-gra001'>

Heterobeltiotic Genetic Interaction between Congenic and Syngenic Breeds of Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

Verma A. K.,Chattopadhyay G. K.,Sengupta M.,Das S. K.,Sarkar A. K. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2005 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.11 No.2

To determine the level of heterosis, higher cocoon shell weight multivoltine congenic lines (Con. L) and bivoltine syngenic lines (Syn. L) of silkworm were used for crosses. First filial generations $(F_1s)$ expressed heterobeltiotic genetic interaction at significant magnitude (p < 0.01) for single cocoon shell weight (SCSW). The other linked characters viz., single cocoon weight (SCW) and yield by weight per 10, 000 larvae were also significantly higher (p < 0.01) than the better parental lines. All the hybrids showed significant improvement for these aforesaid characters over standard heterosis (Standard check). The reeling parameters viz., filament length, raw silk, neatness, cohesionstrokes etc, also showed improvement among the hybrids than check in congenial environment. Overall results suggested that the cross between congenic and syngenic lines provide better heterosis with good quality silk than conventional hybrids and may be used for commercial exploitation.

Effect of ligand flexibility on coordination-driven self-assembly of Pt(II) metallacycles

Verma, S.,Vajpayee, V.,Lee, S.M.,Jung, H.J.,Kim, H.,Chi, K.W. Elsevier Sequoia [etc.] 2012 Inorganica chimica acta Vol.387 No.-

The effect of ligand flexibility on the self-assembly of Pt(II) metallacycles was investigated. Three diazopyridyl ligands with different flexibilities were used to synthesize three nanoscale supramolecular complexes via Pt(II) mediated self-assembly. With comparatively less flexible ligands, 4,4'azobispyridine (2) and pyridine-4-carbaldehyde azine (3), formation of [3+3] molecular triangles was observed; in contrast, the most flexible of the three ligands, pyridine-3-carbaldehyde azine (4), yielded the [2+2] molecular rhomboid. All three complexes were characterized by multinuclear NMR (<SUP>1</SUP>H and <SUP>31</SUP>P) and HR-ESI-MS, and the structure of complex 7 was further established by X-ray crystallography. These studies clearly showed that increased ligand flexibility entropically favors the formation of smaller metallacycles as the ligand can reduce angular strain through bending or conformational change.

Optimization of Zinc Coating Thickness by Unreplicated Factorial Design of Experiments in Hot‑Dip Galvanization Process

Neha Verma,Vinay Sharma,M. Affan Badar,Niharika Choubey,Rityuj Singh Parihar 한국정밀공학회 2022 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.23 No.10

Over-coating of the zinc layer in the hot-dip galvanization process is a common issue. The coating thickness of zinc depends on various factors such as zinc bath temperature, dipping time, silicon percentage in steel, alloy composition in zinc bath, etc. In the current work, three factors: dipping time, silicon percentage in steel, and nickel percentage in zinc bath have been considered in an unreplicated 23 factorial design using secondary data from Bondareva (Materials Science Forum 992:689–694, 2020). Lenth’s method and normal probability plot are utilized to analyze the factorial design. It is identified that dipping time and nickel percentage are the two significant factors impacting the coating thickness. At 0.05% of nickel and 3 min of dipping time, minimum coating thickness is achieved, i.e., the thickness reduces up to 38.96% and 29.57% for 0.18% and 0.28% silicon-containing steels, respectively as compared to no nickel present in the zinc bath at 5 min of dipping time. All the experiments correspond to a bath temperature of 450 °C and phosphorus content of 2.5% in steels. The result is beneficial for industry to achieve better product quality and gain competitive advantage.

Estimation of Rumen Microbial Protein Supply Using Urinary Purine Derivatives Excretion in Crossbred Calves Fed at Different Levels of Feed Intake

Singh, M.,Sharma, K.,Dutta, N.,Singh, P.,Verma, A.K.,Mehra, U.R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.10

A study was carried out to study the response of total purine derivatives (PD) excretion in urine to determine microbial N (MN) supply at four fixed levels of feed intake (namely 95, 80, 60 and 40% of voluntary intake). The crossbred (CB) calves were allocated according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin Square Design and fed wheat straw and concentrate (1:1). The rate of PD excretion (mmol/d) as a linear function of feed intake was 15.85/kg DMI and 20.12/kg DOMI. Based on the endogenous and PD excretion rates obtained in this study, a relationship between daily urinary PD excretion (Y, mmol) and daily microbial protein supply (X, mmol) was developed for crossbred calves as Y = 0.83X+0.296 kg $W^{0.75}$. The derived microbial N values using this equation differed (p<0.001) among the 4 groups and was the highest in L-95 followed by L-80, L-60 and L-40. The relationship between urinary nitrogen loss (Y, g/d) and DOMI (X, kg/d) was established as: Y = 6.038X+21.753 ($r^2$ = 0.663, p<0.01). When urinary excretion of PD (Y, mmol/d) was plotted against intake of DM and DOM (X, kg/d), the equations obtained were: Y = 7.1711X+8.674 ($r^2$ = 0.889, p<0.01) and Y = 12.434X+7.683 ($r^2$ = 0.896, p<0.01), respectively. The proportional contribution of allantoin and uric acid to total PD remained stable irrespective of level of feed intake. Similarly, urinary excretion of creatinine did not differ (p>0.05) between animals fed at different levels. The MN supply was the highest to animals at intake levels L-95, and decreased linearly with corresponding decrease in feed intake. However, the MN supply when expressed per kg DOMI remained statistically (p>0.05) similar irrespective of level of intake. The results revealed that the excretion of urinary purine derivatives were positively correlated with the level of feed intake as well as rumen microbial supply and thus it could be a good indicator for measuring the microbial protein supply and nutritional status of animals.