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A quantitative analysis of the optical reflection properties of self-assembled opal films
Q.M. Ngo,S. Kim,H. Lim,P.T. Nga,P.T. Linh,N.X. Nghia,F. Rotermund,K. Kim,A. Avoine,A. Maître 한국물리학회 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.3
The reflection spectra of self-assembled opal films on glass substrates are analyzed in detail, with an eye to employing the film as a tunable filter, using the photonic band diagram and the simulation on the reflectance corresponding to the real structure. The reflection peak commonly thought to be due to the photonic pseudogap formed by the (111) planes is found to be actually formed by two different pseudogaps by the (111) planes and the (200) planes. The small value for the photonic pseudogap in the <111> direction makes the corresponding light frequency propagate more than 40 SiO_2 layers in the <111> direction. Therefore, a reflectivity of larger than 65% is difficult to achieve with an opal film whose thickness is smaller than 25 SiO_2 layers in any direction with incident angles between 5° and 75°. The reflectivity of annealed opal film is found to be lower than that of the ideal film due to the reduction of the photonic pseudogaps and a microscopic wavy surface that is believed to be due to the variation of the SiO_2 sphere size and the deformation of the SiO_2 spheres caused by the contraction of the SiO_2 spheres during the annealing process.
Seongmin Ma,JaeTae Seo,A. Jackson,B. Tabibi,H. Brown,K. Lee,L. Creekmore,M. Namkung,Q. Yang,R. Battle,S. S. Jung,T. Skyles,W. Yu 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.48 No.6
Single beam femtosecond Z-scan spectroscopy at 775 nm revealed that the effective third-order nonlinear susceptibility and hyperpolarizability of CdSe colloidal nanocrystals near the Bohr radius were 0.7 . 1.0 × 10.22 m2/V2 and 0.18 . 2.0 × 10.44 m5/V2, respectively. The non-resonant nonlinearity increase for CdSe colloidal quantum dots with bigger than average diameters is attributed to their absorption cross-section being larger and their bandgap energy being narrower than those of the quantum dots with smaller sizes.
Large Optical Nonlinearity of Highly Porous Silica Nanoaerogels in the Nanosecond Time Domain
JaeTae Seo,A. Jackson,B. Tabibi,H. Brown,K. Lee,K. P. Yoo,L. Creekmore,M. Namkung,Q. Yang,R. Battle,S. M. Ma,S. S. Jung,S. Y. Kim,T. Skyles 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.48 No.6
The nonlinear optical properties of highly porous silica nanoaerogels with a 0.1 g/cm3 apparent density were investigated using a spatially Gaussian shaped, 8 ns pulsed laser operating at a wavelength of 532 nm with a repetition rate of 10 Hz. Closed Z-scan spectroscopy revealed the negative nonlinearity (or defocusing effect) of the silica nanoaerogels. The third-order nonlinear susceptibility of silica nanoaerogels was estimated to be 9.6 × 10.19 m2/V2 (6.9 × 10.11 esu) from degenerate four-wave mixing measurements. The nonlinear transmittance limiting threshold of silica nanoaerogels was 17 MW/cm2.F
Highly Porous Silica Nanoaerogels for Ultrafast Nonlinear Optical Applications
Seo, Jae Tae,Ma, S.M.,Lee, K.,Brown, H.,Jackson, A.,Skyles, T.,Cubbage, N.M.,Tabibi, B.,Yoo, K.P.,Kim, Suk Young,Jung, S.S.,Namkung, M. Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2005 Key Engineering Materials Vol.287 No.-
<P>Highly porous silica nanoaerogels with low apparent density of ~0.1 g/cm3 and ~0.07 g/cm3 were synthesized through two-step sol-gel processing and low temperature supercritical fluid drying. The nonlinear refraction (γ) of silica nanoaerogels was estimated to be ~ -3.4 x 10-16 m2/W for ~0.1 g/cm3 and ~0.07 g/cm3 apparent densities with a signal-beam femtosecond z-scan spectroscopy. The third-order nonlinear refraction coefficient of nanostructure silica nanoaerogels was almost four orders larger than that of bulk silica materials. The large nonlinearrefraction with high nonlinear figure of merit (γ/βλ, β~2×10-10 m/W for 0.07 g/cm3 apparent density, β~6×10-10 m/W for 0.1 g/cm3 apparent density, λ~0.775 µm) is an ideal optical property for nonlinear applications of homeland security, battlefield enhancement, and industrial uses.</P>
Douglas Bardini Silveira,Álvaro José Celmer,Carla Maísa Camelini,Márcio José Rossi,José Carlos Cunha Petrus,Margarida Matos de Mendonça,Aguinaldo Roberto Pinto,Carlos Roberto Zanetti 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.4
Membrane technology has been applied to separate polysaccharides from Agaricus subrufescens (ASPs). The membrane-retained fractions and unfractionated preparations have been tested for in vitro immunological activity. Both the microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF1) membranes were able to separate high-molecular weight polysaccharides from fruiting body (ASP-FB) and submerge-fermented mycelium (ASP-SmF) extracts. All fractions showed immunostimulatory effects on RAW 264.7macrophages, measured by TNF-α, iNOs gene expression,and NO production. In contrast, antibody and proliferation levels in B lymphoblastoid SKW 6.4 cells were significantly increased after treatment with ASP-FB, but did not with ASP-SmF preparations. The ASPs- and LPS-induced stimulation could be differentiated by the finding that polymyxin B, a specific inhibitor of LPS, did not significantly affect the immunoactivating response and proliferation activity of ASPs on macrophages and B cells, respectively. Furthermore, the ASP-FB treatment was unable to induce IL-6 production by B cells unlike LPS activation, sustaining distinct signaling pathways for ASP-FB and LPS. The overall results provided additional information about the action of ASPs on the immune system and support the membrane method to separate and concentrate highmolecular weight ASPs for immunopharmacological and biotechnological applications.
Ma, Li,Du, Lei,Chen, Hui,Sun, Yue,Huang, Shan,Zheng, Xianliang,Kim, Eung-Soo,Li, Shengying,Elliot, M. A. American Society for Microbiology 2015 Applied and environmental microbiology Vol.81 No.18
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>The cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP-sb21 fromSebekia benihanais capable of catalyzing the site-specific hydroxylation of the immunosuppressant cyclosporine (CsA), leading to the single product γ-hydroxy-<I>N</I>-methyl-l-Leu4-CsA (CsA-4-OH). Unlike authentic CsA, this hydroxylated CsA shows significantly reduced immunosuppressive activity while it retains a side effect of CsA, the hair growth stimulation effect. Although CYP-sb21 was previously identified to be responsible for CsA-specific hydroxylation<I>in vivo</I>, the<I>in vitro</I>activity of CYP-sb21 has yet to be established for a deeper understanding of this P450 enzyme and further reaction optimization. In this study, we reconstituted the<I>in vitro</I>activity of CYP-sb21 by using surrogate redox partner proteins of bacterial and cyanobacterial origins. The highest CsA site-specific hydroxylation activity by CYP-sb21 was observed when it was partnered with the cyanobacterial redox system composed of<I>se</I>Fdx and<I>se</I>FdR fromSynechococcus elongatusPCC 7942. The best bioconversion yields were obtained in the presence of 10% methanol as a cosolvent and an NADPH regeneration system. A heterologous whole-cell biocatalyst usingEscherichia coliwas also constructed, and the permeability problem was solved by using<I>N</I>-cetyl-<I>N</I>,<I>N</I>,<I>N</I>-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). This work provides a useful example for reconstituting a hybrid P450 system and developing it into a promising biocatalyst for industrial application.</P>
M. A. Rahman Bhuiyan,A. Ali,A. Islam,MA Hannan,S. M. Fijul Kabir,M. N. Islam 한국의류학회 2018 Fashion and Textiles Vol.5 No.1
The demand of natural colorants for the dyeing of textile fbers has been increasing gradually in recent years due to a growing global ecological awareness as well as a greater emphasis on a cleaner and greener production process. The eco-friendly dyeing of polyester fber with natural dye henna is a novel approach that has extensively been studied in this article. To this end, the dyeing of polyester fber with henna dye was conducted at diferent temperatures without using hazardous metallic mordants. Then the dyeing performance was investigated in terms of depth of shade measurement, analysis of colorimetric properties of color and assessment of color fastness properties of henna dyed polyester fabric samples. The amount of dye absorption by fber and the resulting depth of shade were found to increase with increasing dyeing temperature. In case of colorfastness properties, all dyed substrates demonstrated excellent fastness ratings against washing, rubbing and perspiration with little to no deterioration of color. Moreover, the detailed morphological study revealed that surface structure of fber remained unchanged after dyeing at an elevated temperature and pressure. So, the fndings suggest that dyeing of polyester fber with henna dye without any metallic mordants is a promising approach to get the desired dyeing performance alongside opening up an avenue for eco-friendly dyeing.
Improvement of lower hybrid current drive systems for high-power and long-pulse operation on EAST
Wang M.,Liu L.,Zhao L.M.,Li M.H.,Ma W.D.,Hu H.C.,Wu Z.G.,Feng J.Q.,Yang Y.,Zhu L.,Chen M.,Zhou T.A.,Jia H.,Zhang J.,Cao L.,Zhang L.,Liang R.R.,Ding B.J.,Zhang X.J.,Shan J.F.,Liu F.K.,Ekedahl A.,Gonich 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.11
Aiming at high-power and long-pulse operation up to 1000 s, some improvements have been made for both 2.45 GHz and 4.6 GHz lower hybrid (LH) systems during the recent 5 years. At first, the guard limiters of the LH antennas with graphite tiles were upgraded to tungsten, the most promising material for plasma facing components in nuclear fusion devices. These new guard limiters can operate at a peak power density of 12.9 MW/m2 . Strong hot spots were usually observed on the old graphite limiters when 4.6 GHz system operated with power >2.0 MW [B. N. Wan et al., Nucl. Fusion 57 (2017) 102019], leading to a reduction of the maximum power capability. With the new limiters, 4.6 GHz LH system, the main current drive (CD) and electron heating tool for EAST, can be operated with power >2.5 MW routinely. Long-pulse operation up to 100 s with 4.6 GHz LH power of 2.4 MW was achieved in 2021 and the maximal temperature on the guard limiters measured by an infrared (IR) camera was about 540 C, much below the permissible value of tungsten material (~1200 C). A discharge with a duration of 1056 s was achieved and the 4.6 GHz LH energy injected into the plasma was up to 1.05 GJ. Secondly, the fully-activemultijunction (FAM) launcher of 2.45 GHz system was upgraded to a passive-active-multijunction (PAM), for which the density of optimum coupling was relatively low (below the cut-off value). Good coupling with reflection coefficient ~3% has been achieved with plasma-antenna distance up to 11 cm for the new PAM. Finally, in order to eliminate the effect of ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) wave on 4.6 GHz LH wave coupling, the location of the ICRF launcher was changed to a port that is located 157.5 toroidally from the 4.6 GHz LH system and is not magnetically connected
Yang, W.,Chen, L.,Ji, Q.,Liu, X.,Ma, J.,Tandon, N.,Bhattacharyya, A.,Kumar, A.,Kim, K.‐,W.,Yoon, K.‐,H.,Bech, O. M.,Zychma, M. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 DIABETES OBESITY AND METABOLISM Vol.13 No.1
<P> <B>Aim:</B> To assess and compare the efficacy and safety of liraglutide with those of glimepiride, both in combination with metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in Asian population from China, South Korea and India.</P><P> <B>Methods:</B> A 16‐week, randomized, double‐blind, double‐dummy, four‐arm, active control trial was carried out. In total, 929 subjects with type 2 diabetes with a mean (±s.d.) age of 53.3 ± 9.5 years, HbA<SUB>1c</SUB> of 8.6 ± 1.0% and body weight of 68.1 ± 11.7 kg were randomized (liraglutide 0.6, 1.2 or 1.8 mg once daily or glimepiride 4 mg once daily all in combination with metformin: 1 : 1 : 1 : 1). One subject withdrew immediately after randomization and before exposure.</P><P> <B>Results:</B> HbA<SUB>1c</SUB> was significantly reduced in all groups compared with baseline. Treatment with liraglutide 1.2 and 1.8 mg was non‐inferior to glimepiride (mean HbA<SUB>1c</SUB> reduction: 1.36% points, 1.45% points and 1.39% points, respectively). No significant difference was shown in the percentage of subjects reaching American Diabetes Association HbA<SUB>1c</SUB> target <7% or American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists target ≤6.5% between liraglutide 1.2 and 1.8 mg and glimepiride. Liraglutide was associated with a 1.8–2.4 kg mean weight reduction, compared with a 0.1 kg mean weight gain with glimepiride. Liraglutide led to a significantly greater reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared with glimepiride. Two subjects in the glimepiride group reported major hypoglycaemia while none in the liraglutide groups. Liraglutide was associated with about 10‐fold lower incidence of minor hypoglycaemia than glimepiride. Gastrointestinal disorders were the most common adverse events (AEs) for liraglutide, but were transient and resulted in few withdrawals.</P><P> <B>Conclusions:</B> In Asian subjects with type 2 diabetes, once‐daily liraglutide led to improvement in glycaemic control similar to that with glimepiride but with less frequent major and minor hypoglycaemia. Liraglutide also induced a significant weight loss and reduced SBP and was generally well tolerated. The most frequently reported AE was transient nausea. The effect of liraglutide in this Asian population is comparable to the effects seen in Caucasian, African American and Hispanic populations in global liraglutide phase 3 trials.</P>