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Stabilization of Bacillus subtilis Lipase A by increasing the residual packing
Abraham1, Tajo,Pil Pack1, Seung,Je Yoo, Young Taylor Francis 2005 Biocatalysis and biotransformation Vol.23 No.3
<P>Introduction of well-packed residues to the interior of a protein structure could be considered as a stabilization strategy since the reduction of buried cavities might stabilize protein structure. In this study, the less-packed residues with no water-contact were selected as target sites for increasing residual packing. When Lipase A from Bacillus subtilis (179 amino acids) was used as a model system, 43 less-packed residues were initially considered by analyzing their residual packing value and residual exposure ratio. Among the 43 residues, small amino acids such as GLY and ALA were chosen as target sites. Packing increases of ALA to VAL and GLY to ALA were estimated, by molecular modeling, to give 0.5368∼⃒0.7433  kcal mol −1 stabilization. Mutants of Lipase A such as A38V, A75V, G80A, A105V A146V, and G172A were obtained via protein engineering. Thermostability assays revealed that A38V, G80A and G172V were the most stable mutants. This procedure for selecting the target residues for improved thermostability of Lipase A could be applied for improving the thermostability of other proteins and enzymes.</P>
최경덕(Kyeongduck Choi),유상길(Sanggil Yoo),강희선(Heesun Kang),박상민(Sangmin Pack) 한국자동차공학회 2007 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
This paper discusses on development of a BMS(Battery Management System) for D-HEV(Diesel-Hybrid Electronic Vehicle) including algorithm of battery(Lithium) SOC(State of Charge) estimation. The algorithm accurately estimates the remaining battery capacity for automated battery management. In this paper, a BMS including technique for battery monitoring(Pack-Voltage, Pack-Current, Cell-Voltage, Pack-Temperature), communication method, digital input/output control, a battery thermal control, and battery protection method is developed.
Pack, Eun Chul,Jang, Dae Yong,Kim, Hyung Soo,Lee, Seung Ha,Kim, Hae Young,Song, Seok Ho,Cho, Hoon Sik,Kwon, Kyeng Hee,Park, Kun Ho,Lim, Kyung Min,Choi, Dal Woong Elsevier 2018 Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology Vol.94 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A total of 38 hazardous constituents in mainstream cigarette smoke of low-yield cigarettes sold in Korea were selected and analyzed using established methods. Risk calculations were performed using risk algorithms employed in previous studies and Korean population-based exposure parameters. The median cumulative incremental lifetime cancer risk of male smokers could vary from 828 × 10<SUP>−6</SUP> to 2510 × 10<SUP>−6</SUP>, and that of female smokers could range from 440 × 10<SUP>−6</SUP> to 1300 × 10<SUP>−6</SUP>, depending on the smoking regimens. The median hazard index as the sum of hazard quotients of male smokers varied from 367 to 1,225, and that of female smokers varied from 289 to 970, depending on the smoking regimens. The sensitivity analysis for this risk assessment indicated that the constituent yields in mainstream cigarette smoke, average number of cigarettes smoked per day or year, and mouth-spill rate are the main risk factors. Statistical positive correlations between the average daily dose calculated by the exposure algorithm used in this study for individual smokers and biomarkers verified the reliability of this assessment. It could be concluded that inhalation of the constituents present in the mainstream of low-yield cigarettes has significant cancer and non-cancer health risks, although its effect on risk reduction is still unknown under the fixed machine-smoking conditions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Selected 38 constituents levels of mainstream smoke for low-yield cigarettes are presented. </LI> <LI> Bioavailability of smoke constituents is considered using respiratory retention and mouth-spill models. </LI> <LI> Our work adds the evidence of cancer and non-cancer risks from smoking of low-yield cigarettes. </LI> <LI> This study highlights the risk in comparison to regular cigarettes. </LI> </UL> </P>
Graph-und Lautzustande des Textes : "웨소브룬너 설교문" 텍스트의 字素및 音韻硏究 "Wessobrunner Predigt"
PACK, Sang Be 釜山大學校 1986 人文論叢 Vol.30 No.1
웨소브룬너 설교문(Wessobrunner Predigt)은 古高獨逸語로 씌어진 텍스트이다. 상기연구물은 이 9세기 코르푸스에 나타난 字素들(Grapheme)과 그것으로 부터 유출해 낼 수 있는 音韻들(Phoneme)을 밝혀내어 그것들을 시스템화 시려 본 것이다. 이러한 작업을 일반적으로 구조주의 언어학자들의 후예들에 의해서 1960년대 이후로 행해쳐 왔고, 오늘날 유행병처럼 연구되고 있는 생성음운론(generetive Phenologie)이나 자연음운른(Natu¨rliche Phonologie)에서는 그 취급이 전무함에, 상기 연구물 역시 구조주의 입장을 취한 字素硏究家 폴프강 · 플라이쉬(WolfgangFleischer), 헤르베르트 · 펜�(Herbert Penzl)의 이론에 입각하여 그 방향을 설정해 본 것이다. 즉 그라프(Graphe)와 음(Laute)이 각기 지닌 고유한 독특성을 인정하면서도 오히려 그것들의 유기적 '역학적 관계에 더욱 관찰의 촛점을 죄여가는 방식을 취해 보았다. 古代獨語 · 中世獨語 ·近世獨語 텍스트들에 대한 字素연구는 앞으로 음운연구 못지 않게 독어학의 주연구분야로 상승해 가야 할 것이다.
Pack, U Hyon,Kwon, Oh Yun,Park, Kyeong Won 한국공업화학회 1999 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.5 No.2
The silica-pillared H^+-magadiites were prepared by interlamellar base-catalyzed hydrolysis of tetraethylorthosilicate [TEOS, Si(OC₂H_5)₄] intercalated into the interlayers of H^+-magadiite. The interlamellar hydrolysis of TEOS were conducted between 10 min to 40 min in 0.00%, 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.20% NH₃-water solution, affording siloxane-pillared H^+-magadiites with gallery height of 24.8∼30.3Å. Calcination of samples at 538℃ in air resulted in silica-pillared H^+-magadiites with a large specific surface areas between 551 and 1020 ㎡/g, depending on the aging time and NH₃ concentration. The reaction in pure water and 0.05% NH₃ solution afforded optimum specific surface areas and mesopores with narrow pore size distribution. The reaction in 0.10% and 0.20% NH₃ solution resulted in sharp decrease of specific surface areas and poorly-ordered basal spacings, implying the partial destruction in the layered structure of H^+-magadiite.