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Vattikuti, S.V. Prabhakar,Devarayapalli, K.C.,Nagajyothi, P.C.,Shim, Jaesool Elsevier 2019 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.809 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Novel photocatalysts based on sunlight-driven active two-dimensional (2D) layered materials have drawn considerable attention because of their structural-to-photoactive properties. In this study, via binder-free electrostatic self-assembly, WS<SUB>2</SUB>/ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> hybrids were synthesized using a two-step hydrothermal process. The catalysts were thoroughly examined using different analysis techniques. The results indicated that in the WS<SUB>2</SUB>/ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> hybrids, ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles (NPs) were randomly grafted on the planar surfaces of WS<SUB>2</SUB> nanosheets (the ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> NPs were tightly anchored to the nanosheets). The WS<SUB>2</SUB>/ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> hybrids could considerably enhance the photocatalytic reactions under ultraviolet (UV) and simulated sunlight irradiation with an increase in the amount of ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> NPs anchored to WS<SUB>2</SUB> nanosheets, which influenced the photodegradation rate of crystal violet (CV) dye and the H<SUB>2</SUB> evolution activity. Notably, the rate of H<SUB>2</SUB> generation via the photolysis of water was 1023.9 μmol g<SUP>−1</SUP> h<SUP>−1</SUP> for the WS<SUB>2</SUB>/ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>-2 catalyst, indicating both the enhanced photocatalytic degradation activity and the H<SUB>2</SUB> advancement performance of the WS<SUB>2</SUB>/ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> hybrid. The photocatalytic H<SUB>2</SUB> advancement rate for the WS<SUB>2</SUB>/ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>-2 catalyst was 5.28 and 1.49 times higher than those for the bare WS<SUB>2</SUB> catalyst under UV and simulated solar illumination, respectively. Additionally, the WS<SUB>2</SUB>/ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>-2 hybrid exhibited high recyclability owing to the highly hydrophobic nature of the 2D WS<SUB>2</SUB>, which was beneficial for the separation of the hybrid photocatalyst from the CV solution. Finally, the results of a scavenger-trapping experiment indicated that active holes (h<SUP>+</SUP>) were mainly responsible for the photocatalytic reaction, rather than ˙O<SUB>2</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP> and ˙OH<SUP>−</SUP>. Plausible photoreaction mechanisms of photocatalytic degradation and H<SUB>2</SUB> production in aqueous solutions of the WS<SUB>2</SUB>/ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> hybrid were elucidated.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> 2D/0D-WS<SUB>2</SUB>/ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> heterostructure was synthesized via reducing ethanol approach. </LI> <LI> Improved photocurrent response in WS<SUB>2</SUB>/ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> heterostructure is due to suitable band potential of cocatalyst (ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>). </LI> <LI> The introduction of ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> lead to suppress the electron-hole recombination. </LI> <LI> Strong interaction of WS<SUB>2</SUB>/ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> sheets with organic compounds. </LI> <LI> WS<SUB>2</SUB>/ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>-2 exhibited higher photodegradation and H<SUB>2</SUB> evolution rate. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>