중국의 固體廢物汚染放置法

노청석,최동일 한국환경법학회 2004 環境法 硏究 Vol.26 No.3

This is a study on the Act on the Control of Solid Wastes of China. An outlines of this study is as follows : China is called as ‘factory of the world’ lately due to economy development which is caused by reform and opening policy, practical economy policy. In economy development process, China government is getting into trouble about the control of solid wastes. Developing Cities yield refuses of life, industrial wastes, dangerous wastes. Its disposal is connected directly with cities' survival. In order to solve this problem, Government have established 'Act on the Control of Solid Wastes' which is fundamental Act on solid wastes disposal in 1995, and 'Interim regulation on the Environment Protection Control of Waste Import', 'Regulation on the Control of Medical Waste', 'Measures on the Control of City's Radiation', 'Act on the Control of Radiation Pollution', 'Measures on the Control of Medical Instrument and Waste' and so on. These statutory laws adopted 'reclamation' as a main disposal means, but will adopt 'incineration' in future. And special provisions have been established for dangerous wastes and radiation wastes. Government will expand investment in this part. But most important policy is prior protection. We must make an effort to reduce a waste and recycle for sound and sustainable development.

Protein-based soft micro-optics fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing

Sun, Yun-Lu,Dong, Wen-Fei,Niu, Li-Gang,Jiang, Tong,Liu, Dong-Xu,Zhang, Lu,Wang, Ying-Shuai,Chen, Qi-Dai,Kim, Dong-Pyo,Sun, Hong-Bo Nature Publishing Group 2014 Light, science & applications Vol.3 No.1

<P>In this work, we report a novel soft diffractive micro-optics, called 'microscale kinoform phase-type lens (micro-KPL)', which is fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as building blocks and flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) slices as substrates. By carefully optimizing various process parameters of FsLDW (e. g., average laser power density, scanning step, exposure time on a single point and protein concentration), the as-formed protein micro-KPLs exhibit excellent surface quality, well-defined three-dimensional (3D) geometry and distinctive optical properties, even in relatively harsh operation environments (for instance, in strong acid or base). Laser shaping, imaging and other optical performances can be easily achieved. More importantly, micro-KPLs also have unique flexible and stretchable properties as well as good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Therefore, such protein hydrogel-based micro-optics may have great potential applications, such as in flexible and stretchable photonics and optics, soft integrated optical microsystems and bioimplantable devices.</P>

Harm Avoidance is Correlated with the Reward System in Adult Patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Tsung-Hua Lu(Tsung-Hua Lu),Shih-Hsien Lin(Shih-Hsien Lin),Mei Hung Chi(Mei Hung Chi),Ching-Lin Chu(Ching-Lin Chu),Dong-Yu Yang(Dong-Yu Yang),Wei Hung Chang(Wei Hung Chang),Po See Chen(Po See Chen),Yen 대한정신약물학회 2023 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.21 No.1

Objective: Hypoactivity in the reward system among patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a well-known phenomenon. Whether the activity in the reward pathway is related to harm avoidance, such as in sensitivity to punishment, is unclear. Evidence regarding the potential difference between ADHD patients and controls in terms of this association is scarce. Methods: Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on subjects performing the Iowa gambling test. Fourteen adults with ADHD and 14 controls were enrolled in the study. Results: Harm avoidance was found to be positively correlated with the activities of the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex and right insula in individuals with ADHD. A group difference was also confirmed. Conclusion: Understanding the roles of harm avoidance and brain activation during risk tasks is important.

Effect of nano-composite materials on repair of ligament injury in sports detoxification

Lu, Chunxia,Lu, Gang,Dong, Weixin,Liu, Xia Techno-Press 2022 Advances in nano research Vol.13 No.3

Extraordinary properties of nanocomposites make them a primary replacement for many conventional materials. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, which is a frequent surgery in sport activities, is one of the fields in which nanocomposites could be utilized. In the present study, the mechanical properties of different porous scaffolds made from graphene nano-composites are presented ad load bearing capacity of these materials is calculated using finite element method. The numerical results are further compared with experimental published data. In addition, several geometrical and material parameters are analyzed to find the best configuration of nanocomposite scaffolds in reconstruction of ACL. Moreover, coating of detoxification chemicals are extremely easier on the nano-structured materials than conventional one. Detoxification potential of nano-composites in the injured body are also discussed in detail. The results indicated that nano-composite could be successfully used in place of auto- and allografts and also instead of conventional metallic screws in reconstruction of ACL.

AlGaN/GaN heterostructure pH sensor with multi-sensing segments

Dong, Yan,Son, Dong-hyeok,Dai, Quan,Lee, Jun-Hyeok,Won, Chul-Ho,Kim, Jeong-Gil,Kang, Seung-Hyeon,Lee, Jung-Hee,Chen, Dunjun,Lu, Hai,Zhang, Rong,Zheng, Youdou Elsevier 2018 Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical Vol.260 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>pH sensor is very important in various fields, and has triggered many types of devices based on different materials and mechanisms. How to improve the performances of the sensors is one of major challenges now. In the present paper, we developed an idea to improve the sensitivity of pH sensors based on AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) by introducing multi-sensing segments, and experimentally fabricated prototype devicesand then investigated their responses to aqueous solutions under different pH values. The optimized sensor exhibits a very high linear sensitivity of 1.35 mA/pH at drain-source voltage of 1.5 V, which is much higher than those of conventional pH sensors with single open gate sensing area. This indicates that the multi-sensing segments is very effective in increasing the sensitivity of the pH sensor, rather than simply increasing the sensing area. The sensors degrade after measurement in solution for a long working time, but they can recover to their initial states in a certain duration after washing, typically ∼24 h. Our finding paves new strategy for the future design of high sensitive and stable pH sensors based on HEMTs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Novel multi-sensing segments pH sensor is designed and fabricated by using AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor. </LI> <LI> Realizing very high sensitivity on the multi-sensing sensor, which is much higher than that of conventional geometric pH sensor. </LI> <LI> Achieved excellent performance stability with good recovery feature on the multi-sensing sensor. </LI> </UL> </P>

Anti-cancer Activities of Anthocyanins of Vitis Coignetiae Pulliat in Human Hepatocelluar Carcinoma Cells

Dong Yeok Shin,Chi Young Jung,Dong Hoon Kim,Gi Young Kim,강호성,류충호,Soon Chan Hong,Sung Chul Shin,최영현,이원섭,Jing Nan Lu,정진명,Woo Song Ha 대한암예방학회 2009 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.4

Anthocyanins belong to a class of flavonoids, exhibiting some of the anti-tumor activities: antiangiogenesisand anti-invasive activity. Recently, the anthocyanins from the Fruit of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat(Meoru in Korea, AIMs) have been reported to have anti-cancer activities. Here, we tested the anti-cancereffects of AIMs in human hepatocelluar carcinoma cells (Hep3B and HepG2 cells). The AIMs inhibitedthe proliferation of the cells in a dose dependent manner. Hep3B cells were more sensitive to AIMs. The AIMs induced apoptosis through the loss of MMP (ΔΨm). The AIMs inhibited the motility andinvasion of the cells in wound healing test and Matrigel-invasion assay, respectively. The anti-migratoryand anti-invasive activities of AIMs were superior to the anthocyanins isolated from black bean. Inconclusion, this study indicates that AIMs have apoptotic and anti-invasive effects on human hepatocellularcarcinoma cells. AIMs had stronger anti-invasive activity than the anthocyanins from coat of black beanon both Hep3B and HepG2 cells. This study provides evidence that the anthocyanins isolated from Meorumight be useful in the treatment of human hepatocelluar carcinoma.

Identifying a Cinnamoyl Coenzyme A Reductase (CCR) Activity with 4-Coumaric Acid: Coenzyme A Ligase (4CL) Reaction Products in Populus tomentosa

Dong-Dong Wang,Hua Bai,Wei-Qi Chen,Hai Lu,Xiang-Ning Jiang 한국식물학회 2009 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.52 No.5

A cinnamoyl coenzyme A reductase (CCR, EC 1.2.1.44), one of the key enzyme involved in lignin biosynthesis, was cloned from Populus tomentosa (Chinese white poplar). At the same time, a 4CL1 gene was cloned from P. tomentosa, too. The two genes were subcloned in pQE31 vector and expressed in Escherichia coli M15. Both of them were purified by Ni-NTA. Purified CCR protein was digested by trypsin and analyzed by HPLC-MS; the peptide segments had 27% similarity with the sequence of the CCR protein. 4CL was thought to be a neighbor enzyme of CCR in lignin biosynthesis. In this paper, a 4CL1 from P. tomentosa was cloned, and its enzyme reaction products were extracted for the substrates of CCR. Three 4CL1 enzyme reaction products were monitored by HPLC-MS and then the CCR enzyme reaction was detected by GC-MS. In the CCR reaction, the three corresponding aldehyde (p-coumaraldehyde, caffealdehyde, and coniferaldehyde) were detected and identified by Frontier3 software. The results showed that the CCR that we cloned from P. tomentosa had affinities with 4CL1 enzyme reaction products and a ptCCR that was cloned from aspen (Li et al., Plant Cell Physiol 46(7):1073–1082, 2005) only had affinity with feruloyl-CoA. The different results maybe depend on the different study method. The method of exacting 4CL enzyme products as the substrates of CCR in the paper was reliable and can be used in lignin biosynthesis network to detect the enzymes in the neighborhood that depended on the polarity of the substrates and products. This CCR gene had eight homology sequence CCR gene when a BLAST was conducted in Populus trichocarpa genome database. The CCR homology genes in Populus suggested that some CCRs may take part in the lignin biosynthesis, too. The gene family would be the hot spot in the future study.

Function of Rhs proteins in porcine extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli PCN033

Lu Wenjia,Tan Jia,Lu Hao,Wang Gaoyan,Dong Wenqi,Wang Chenchen,Li Xiaodan,Tan Chen 한국미생물학회 2021 The journal of microbiology Vol.59 No.9

Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is an important zoonotic pathogen that places severe burdens on public health and animal husbandry. There are many pathogenic factors in E. coli. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a nano-microbial weapon that can assemble quickly and inject toxic effectors into recipient cells when danger is encountered. T6SSs are encoded in the genomes of approximately 25% of sequenced Gram-negative bacteria. When these bacteria come into contact with eukaryotic cells or prokaryotic microbes, the T6SS assembles and secretes associated effectors. In the porcine ExPEC strain PCN033, we identified four classic rearrangement hotspot (Rhs) genes. We determined the functions of the four Rhs proteins through mutant construction and protein expression. Animal infection experiments showed that the Δrhs-1CT, Δrhs-2CT, Δrhs-3CT, and Δrhs-4CT caused a significant decrease in the multiplication ability of PCN033 in vivo. Cell infection experiments showed that the Rhs protein is involved in anti-phagocytosis activities and bacterial adhesion and invasion abilities. The results of this study demonstrated that rhs1, rhs3, and rh4 plays an important role in the interaction between PCN033 and host cell. Rhs2 has contribution to cell and mice infection. This study helps to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism governing PCN033 and may help to establish a foundation for further research seeking to identify potential T6SS effectors.

Attenuation of Experimental Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice with Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Carrying MicroRNA-223-3p

Lu, Feng-Bin,Chen, Da-Zhi,Chen, Lu,Hu, En-De,Wu, Jin-Lu,Li, Hui,Gong, Yue-Wen,Lin, Zhuo,Wang, Xiao-Dong,Li, Ji,Jin, Xiao-Ya,Xu, Lan-Man,Chen, Yong-Ping Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2019 Molecules and cells Vol.42 No.12

MicroRNA-223-3p (miR-223-3p) is one of the potential microRNAs that have been shown to alleviate inflammatory responses in pre-clinical investigations and is highly encased in exosomes derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-exosomes). MSC-exosomes are able to function as carriers to deliver microRNAs into cells. Autoimmune hepatitis is one of the challenging liver diseases with no effective treatment other than steroid hormones. Here, we examined whether MSC-exosomes can transfer miR-223-3p to treat autoimmune hepatitis in an experimental model. We found that MSC-exosomes were successfully incorporated with miR-223-3p and delivered miR-223-3p into macrophages. Moreover, there was no toxic effect of exosomes on the macrophages. Furthermore, treatments of either exosomes or exosomes with miR-223-3p successfully attenuated inflammatory responses in the liver of autoimmune hepatitis and inflammatory cytokine release in both the liver and macrophages. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of miR-223-3p level and STAT3 expression in the liver and macrophages. These results suggest that MSC-exosomes can be used to deliver miR-223-3p for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis.

Theoretical Study on Interactions between N-Butylpyridinium Nitrate and Thiophenic Compounds

Lu, Renqing,Liu, Dong,Wang, Shutao,Lu, Yukun Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.6

By using density functional theory calculations, we have performed a systemic study on the electronic structures and topological properties of interactions between N-butylpyridinium nitrate ($[BPY]^+[NO_3]^-$) and thiophene (TS), benzothiophene (BT), dibenzothiophene (DBT), naphthalene (NAP). The most stable structure of $[BPY]^+[NO_3]^-$ ion pair indicates that hydrogen bonding interactions between oxygen atoms on $[NO_3]^-$ anion and C2-H2 on pyridinium ring play a dominating role in the formation of ion pair. The occurrence of hydrogen bonding, ${\pi}{\cdots}$H-C, and ${\pi}{\cdots}{\pi}$ interactions between $[BPY]^+[NO_3]^-$ and TS, BT, DBT, NAP has been corroborated at the molecular level. But hydrogen bonding and ${\pi}{\cdots}{\pi}$ interactions between $[BPY]^+[NO_3]^-$ and NAP are weak in terms of structural properties and NBO, AIM analyses. DBT is prior to adsorption on N-butylpyridinium nitrate ionic liquid.