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THE COMPARATIVE EFFICIENCY OF "GRUPO" AND FOREIGN CONTROLLED BANKS IN LATIN AMERICA
K Steven Lovell,Andres E Rivas,Dave Jackson People&Global Business Association 2005 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.10 No.1
Bank efficiency studies in Latin America document that foreign banks are more efficient than local banks, but they do not isolate the performance of banks that are a part of business groups ("Grupos"). We investigate the efficiency of Grupos as compared to foreign banks and find that in the more economically free market of Chile, Grupo banks are more efficient but find no significant difference in the less economically free markets of Brazil and Mexico. We attribute our findings to agency issues, which affect both foreign and Grupo banks causing inefficient resource usage in less economically free markets. In more economically free markets, we attribute differences to increased availability of capital.
Porphyrin Shell Microbubbles with Intrinsic Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Properties
Huynh, Elizabeth,Lovell, Jonathan F.,Helfield, Brandon L.,Jeon, Mansik,Kim, Chulhong,Goertz, David E.,Wilson, Brian C.,Zheng, Gang American Chemical Society 2012 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.134 No.40
<P>Porphyrin–phospholipid conjugates were used to create photonic microbubbles (MBs) having a porphyrin shell (“porshe”), and their acoustic and photoacoustic properties were investigated. The inclusion of porphyrin–lipid in the MB shell increased the yield, improved the serum stability, and generated a narrow volumetric size distribution with a peak size of 2.7 ± 0.2 μm. Using an acoustic model, we calculated the porshe stiffness to be 3–5 times greater than that of commercial lipid MBs. Porshe MBs were found to be intrinsically suitable for both ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging with a resonance frequency of 9–10 MHz. The distinctive properties of porshe MBs make them potentially advantageous for a broad range of biomedical imaging and therapeutic applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2012/jacsat.2012.134.issue-40/ja305988f/production/images/medium/ja-2012-05988f_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja305988f'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
The Measures of Ozone Pollution: An Analysis of Ozone Concentration Data in USA
Kim, Hong-J.,Lovell, Sabrina J.,O'Farrell, John,Cho, Yong-Sung Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2008 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.2 No.1
In this study, we analyzed how ozone pollution could be differently measured and how these different measures varied year to year and across the ten most populated cities in the United States, from 1980 to 2000. Although peak values of ozone concentration have been significantly reduced in most polluted U.S. cities for the last 20 years, the annual average values of ozone concentration have not been lowered as much as peak values. Ozone concentration data for each city shows a unique pattern of distribution, central tendency, and also there is a wide variation among different ozone measures. Two different cities with the same annual mean concentration of ozone can experience very different distributions of ozone concentration within a year. Ozone measures also show a wide margin of variability as they are estimated from different ozone monitoring sites within each city. Ozone pollution statistics can be largely varied depending on the choice of measures, monitoring sites, and averaging time period. EPA's new ozone standard of 0.08 ppm averaged over an eight-hour appears to be more stringent than the current maximum ozone standard of 0.12 ppm averaged over one hour.
Evaluation of the Asph81t Mixture Performance with Waste Materials
Lee, Kwan-Ho,Lovell, C 한국지반공학회 1996 지반 : 한국지반공학회지 Vol.12 No.3
본 논문의 주된 목적은 폐자원(첨가제로서 pyrolyzed carbon black과 굵을 골재로서 aircooled iron blast furnace slag)을 사용한 아스팔트 콘크리트의 기본특성을 설명하는 것이다. 최적의 아스팔트 함유량을 결정하기 위하여 Marshall Mik Design방법을 이용하였고, 최적의 아스팔트 함유량은 첨가제의 양에 따라 변하며,그 범위는 6.7%에서 7.57%로 나타났다. 최적의 아스팔트 함유량을 이용하여 아스팔트 콘크리트 시편을 제작하였고, dynamic creep 실험을 수행하였다. Pyrolyzed carbon black과 Furnace slag의 사용은 Marshall stability를 증가시켰고, 비교적 높은 온도(5$0^{\circ}C$)와 137.gkpa의 구속 압력하에서 아스팔트 콘크리트의 시간에 따른 변형률을 감소시켰고, 또한 시간에 따른 아스팔트 콘크리트의 stiffness감소 비율을 줄여주는 역할을 하였다. 본 실험결과로 부터 첨가제로서의 pyrolyzed carbon black과 굵은 골재로서의 slag의 사용은 Marshall stability, stiffness, rutting resistance에 좋은 결과를 나타내는 것으로 밝혀졌다. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the asphalt mixture performance with pyrolyzed carbon black(CBP) and air -cooled iron blast furnace slag. Marshall mix design was performed to determine the optimum binder content, The optimum binder content ranged from 6.3 percent to 7.75 percent. Dynamic creep testing was carried out using mixtures at the optimum binder content. Based on the test results, the use of pyrolyzed carbon black and slag in the asphalt pavement showed a positive result, such as the increase of Marshall stability, the decrease of the strain rate and the decrease in the mix stiffness rate at high temperature(5$0^{\circ}C$) and 137.9 kPa confinement. Within the limits of this research. it was concluded that pyrolyzed carbon black as an additive and slag as a coarse aggregate could be used to produce an asphalt paving mixture that has good stability, stiffness, and rutting resistance.