Relationships Among Owner-Manager Characteristics, E-commerce Adoption and Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia

Wei-Loon KOE(Wei-Loon KOE),Ririn WULANDARI(Ririn WULANDARI ) 한국유통과학회 2023 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.10 No.1

This study examined the relationships among owner-manager characteristics, e-commerce adoption, and performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. Although the growth of e-commerce was encouraging in many countries, studies of e-commerce adoption among SMEs in developing countries such as Malaysia are insufficient. Furthermore, studies that investigated individual characteristics and e-commerce adoption are still low in number. This study specifically employed the technology-organization-environmental (TOE) framework to develop its research model. The sample was selected by using a non-probability judgmental sampling technique because the desired population frame was unavailable. A total of 111 owner-managers of SMEs were surveyed using online self-administered questionnaires. Subsequently, the data was analyzed through partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed significant relationships between owner-manager characteristics and e-commerce adoption, as well as between e-commerce adoption and the performance of SMEs. The findings suggested that owner-manager characteristics played an important role in determining e-commerce adoption among SMEs. Moreover, e-commerce adoption was crucial in affecting the performance of SMEs. This paper provided new insights into factors affecting e-commerce adoption and firm performance. It could further benefit the government and SMEs in strategizing e-commerce adoption and development, especially in the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) and the post-COVID-19 pandemic.

Digital Health in Southeast Asia: Startups and Digital Technology Applications

Siu Loon Hoe 아시아기술혁신학회 2022 Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy Vol.11 No.2

The purpose of this article is to provide preliminary findings on the state of digital technology applications of startups in Southeast Asia and to discuss issues related to digital health adoption in the region. This exploratory study is based on an empirical analysis of startups and digital technology applications information from various publicly available website databases. Public and private organizations would benefit from a better understanding of the current state of digital technology applications provided by startups and the challenges faced in digital health adoption. This article contributes to the existing literature by offering an overview of startups and digital technology applications in the digital health space in the fast-growing region of Southeast Asia. It offers advice to organizations intending to pursue healthtech initiatives on the types of health services provided by startups and issues that need to be addressed to increase the adoption rate.

Signaling of Extracellular Matrices for Tissue Regeneration and Therapeutics

Ing Loon Sean Chua,김해원,이재호 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2016 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.13 No.1

Cells receive important regulatory signals from their extracellular matrix (ECM) and the physical property of the ECM regulates important cellular behaviors like cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. A large part of tissue formation and regeneration depends on cellular interaction with its ECM. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanistic biochemical pathway of the ECM components is necessary for the design of a biomaterial scaffold for tissue engineering. Depending on the type of tissue, the ECM requirement might be different and this would influence its downstream intracellular cell signaling. Here, we reviewed the ECM and its signaling pathway by discussing: 1) classification of the ECM into hard, elastic and soft tissue based on its physical properties, 2) proliferation and differentiation control of the ECM, 3) roles of membrane receptor and its intracellular regulation factor, 4) ECM remodeling via inside-out signaling. By providing a comprehensive overview of the ECM’s role in mechanotransduction and the self-regulatory effect of cells back on the ECM, we hope to provide a better insight of the physical and biochemical cues from the ECM. A sound understanding on the in vivo ECM has implication on the choice of materials and surface coating of biomimetic scaffolds used for tissue regeneration and therapeutics in a cell-free scaffold.

Language Mixing in the Bilingual Child: A Case Study

Hye-Loon Lim 한국영어학학회 2002 영어학연구 Vol.- No.13

Lim, Hye-Soon. 2002 Language Mixing in the Bilingual Child: A Case Study, The History of English, 13. This paper is to support the universality of language development through the analysis of language mixing in the bilingual child. In the bilingual development children have two distinct linguistic systems to which they are exposed. With two languages they employ language mixing either when they lack the lexical entry in the appropriate language or when the mixed entry is more salient to the child. When these mixes occur the structural consistency of the utterance is maintained depending on the situation. Their language mixing shows the competence to differentiate two linguistic systems. Key words: bilingual, mixing, objectification telegraphese, universality

Influence of Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation on the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Malaysia

Wei-Loon KOE,Mastura RONI,Tee Suan CHIN 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.5

This study examined the influence of three elements of individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO), namely innovativeness, risk-taking, and proactiveness on the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). It is worth noting that SMEs have experienced low productivity, low profit, and low performance during the COVID-19 pandemic era. Although several studies have shown that entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is a key factor of company performance, few have focused on IEO. This study employed a quantitative research design because all variables were measurable. It used a questionnaire to survey 384 SMEs in the service sector and employed structural equation modeling (SEM) in data analysis. The findings suggested that SMEs’ performance was influenced by risk-taking and proactiveness. This could be related to the fact that SMEs have a less formal structure, allowing owner-managers to take risks and make quick decisions. Furthermore, high performance was ensured by being very sensitive to market trends and changes in the business environment. Innovativeness was not a significant factor in influencing the performance of SMEs. Perhaps it was rather difficult for SME owner-managers to be innovative due to the lack of various resources. This study successfully re-confirmed the effect of IEO on business performance and highlighted the importance of risk-taking and proactiveness in improving the performance of SMEs.

Morphology of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Roots and Effects of Root Age and Soil Texture on the Mycorrhizal Infection in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer

Kyung loon Lee,Hoon Park,In Sik Lee 고려인삼학회 2004 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.28 No.3

The objectives of this study were to investigate the morphology of myconhizal roots. and the effects of root age and soil texture on the myconhizal infection in ginseng (Pw/(Lr ginseng C. A. Meyer) growing in Korea. Ginseng roots at ages of two to six years were collected from fields in late June. Their infection by arbuscular myconhizal fungi (AMF) was studied by clearing the roots and staining fungal hyphae with trypan blue. Root infection varied greatly depending on the developmental stages of young roots. Young teniary roots. in diameter of smaller than 0.8 mm. fonned during the CUlTent growing season had root hairs and were frequently and in some cases heavily infected by AMP. Hyphal coils and arbuscules were abundant. while vesicles were rarely observed. Older secondary or teniary roots in diameter of bigger than 1.0 mm with fully differentiated primal)' xylem fonned during the previous growing season had no root hairs. and were not infected at all. The rates of myconhizal infection in the young ter1iary roots were not affected by the age of the ginseng plants. suggesting that fungal populations might have not much changed during the aging of the cultivated fields up to six years. The differences in the infection rates among the different ages of ginseng were caused by differences in the amount of young teniar)' roots in the samples. Soil texture, either sandy loam or clay loam. did not affect the rate of root infection. There were large variations in the infection rates among the different farms and locations within a fann. It strongly suggested that infection rates of the ginseng roots by AMF would be influenced by the practice of the farmers. possibly by avoiding consecutive planting. introduction of new topsoil. and the ways of handling the soil before tHms?planting the ginseng. such as fumigation or sterilization that might have affected indigenous inoculum sources of the AMP.<br/>

액체연료 무화염형성에 미치는 배기가스희석율의 영향

차천륜(Chun Loon Cha),이호연(Ho Yeon Lee),황상순(Sang Soon Hwang) 한국연소학회 2014 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.2014 No.11

미분 석유코크스입자의 연소특성에 관한 수치해석연구

차천륜(Chun Loon Cha),이필형(Pil Hyong Lee),이호연(Ho Yeon Lee),황상순(Sang Soon Hwang) 한국연소학회 2014 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.2014 No.5

싱가포르港의 長期開發戰略

Goon Kok Loon 韓國海洋水産開發院 1996 (월간) 해양수산 Vol.- No.141

한국과 몽골의 용도지역제 비교에 관한 연구

밧출룬 ( Chool Loon Bat ),김영하 ( Young Ha Kim ) 한국지역사회발전학회 2012 地域社會開發硏究 Vol.37 No.1

우리 사회의 기술과 문화가 빠르고, 다양하게 발전됨에 따라 사람들이 사는 도시의 개발 기준과 밭전 방향도 함께 구체적으로 요구되고 있다. 구체적인 도시의 개발과 발전의 기준은 위생, 편리함, 안전 등이 있으며, 이 기준을 통해 몽골의 수도인 울란바타르를 살펴보면, 현재 도시의 상태는 개발 기준과 발전 방향성 등에 많은 개선이 필요한 것으로 분석된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 울란바타르의 문제점으로 분석된 도시 환경올 개선하고, 향후 도시의 개발 기준 선정의 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다.울란바타르 등의 도시에 일어난 문제들은 용도지역제를 사용해서 해결 할 수 있다. 용도지역제를 사용하면 용도지역과 관련 된 법적 규제 및 규모 그리고 용도지역 내 건축물의 용도를 구체적 기준으로 제시 할 수 있고, 따라서 도시 개발의 문제들은 그 기준에 의해 해결하거나 방지 할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다. 몽골 정부의 움직임을 보면 몽골이 앞으로 발전할 방법은 광산을 개발하는 것이라고 판단하고 있는 듯 하고, 이에 따라 앞으로 두 세 개의 대도시를 만들 것으로 보이는데, 그렇게 되면 신도시 개발, 도시계획에는 용도지역제를 사전에 계획 적용하는 것이 큰 도움이 될 수 있다. 그런 도움이 될 수 있는 용도지역 내에는 법규가 올바로 적용되는 공간이 규정되어야 하고 또 그 용도지역에 관련된 규제, 규모는 법적으로 규정되어야 좋은 결과가 나올 것이다. Since technology advance and cultures change have been occurred, the societies have been developed very fast with diversity especially from last century. This study proposes different measurements of standards of human residences and their locations, with hygiene, convenience, and safety as good examples. Measurements in Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, show that the city has very poor conditions. This research was to find any possible solutions for the problems in development of the city and to make contribution to further development. The violations and disputes of the city can be solved through use zoning system. When the system is introduced, legislation should be made first, and then relevant regulations, sizes of districts, and uses of constructions in the area should be set in detail-to solve and prevent those. According to recent movements of Mongolian government, it seems that they think the main strength should come from mines developments and that they will make two or three big cities. For the new cities, especially in their development and city planning, the planning of their use-district system needs to be made in enough advances and be applied in each appropriate step. For each use-district, the relevant regulations and their sizes should be set legally to make good results.